5个淮山新品种在海南幼龄橡胶林下的间作表现

为解决海南热区淮山种性退化、品种单一、不能周年上市等问题,引进‘桂淮2号’、‘桂淮5号’、‘桂淮6号’、‘桂淮7号’和‘黑美人’共5个品种,以海南当地品种‘云选1号’作为对照,采用橡胶/淮山间作模式进行试种试验,利用双因素裂区试验法,观察各品种植物学性状,收获后测定块茎产量与商品率。结果表明：5个品种植物学性状与广西没有差异;与当地品种‘云选1号’相比,‘黑美人’产量最高（54.6 t/hm ²）,其次是‘桂淮7号’,‘桂淮5号’最低;‘黑美人’生长周期最短,成熟最早;‘桂淮2号’生长周期最长,成熟最晚。‘桂淮2号’可作为晚熟品种进行推广种植;‘桂淮5号’和‘桂淮6号’可作为中晚熟品种进行推广种植;‘黑美人’、‘桂淮7号’可作为早熟品种推广。     

一种基于基因组RAPD分析的紫山药品种分子鉴定方法

[目的]研究一种基于基因组RAPD分析的紫山药品种分子鉴定方法.[方法]以来自中国不同地区的8个紫山药品种为材料,对RAPD技术在鉴定紫山药品种中的科学性进行技术上的验证与分析.[结果]不同引物的RAPD-PCR结果在8种紫山药中体现出谱带清晰度及数量方面的不同特点,其中引物S1255的多态性较高且谱带清晰,可以此为基础鉴定紫山药的不同品种.[结论]理想的反应条件能保证RAPD技术具有很好的稳定性,是适用于鉴定紫山药品种的简易与理想的DNA分子标记.     

Notices

Abstract

Seed‐bed types, fertilizers, cassava stem portions, planting time and yam cultivars were studied for the incidence of termites in cassava and yam fields. Planting cassava on ridges reduced the incidence of termites and significantly (P<0.05) increased tuber yield. The bottom stem portion of cassava stick was the least attacked by termites. Planting cuttings when rains became steady reduced termite incidence. NPKMg (12:12:17:2) suppressed termites in yam and improved yield significantly. Delay in harvesting yam tubers increased termite infestation. Yield loss was highest for Dioscorea rotundata cv. Nwopoko, with losses of more than 5 metric tonnes/ha when harvest was done after December in termite infested soil. Chinese yam showed the greatest resistance to termites.     

Insect pests and their management in yam production and storage: a world review

Yam (Dioscorea spp.) is a tropical tuber crop produced for food and medicinal purposes. Yams are infested by a broad taxonomic diversity of insect pests. We reviewed a total of 73 insect species associated with Dioscorea species in different parts of the world. Yam is infested by 48 species when the crop is in the field, and after harvest (i.e. in storage) the tubers are attacked by 27 species. The majority of these insects belong to the order Coleoptera (35 species) followed by the orders Hemiptera (15), Lepidoptera (13), Isoptera (5), Hymenoptera (2), Diptera (1), and Thysanoptera (1). Yam scales, mealybugs, and a few beetles cause significant losses to tubers both in the field and in storage. We review various methods of management for these insect pests. An integrated approach towards managing these pests, both in the field and in storage, is essential. Post-harvest losses in storage of yam can be reduced, partly, by using biocontrol agents for mealybugs and scales. Alternative strategies for the management of insect pests of tubers in storage are discussed.     

山药无糖酸豆奶的制备及降血脂功能研究

在豆奶中添加山药提取物和功能性甜味剂,控制乳酸菌可代谢糖含量制备一种具有降脂功效、后发酵质量稳定的无糖酸豆奶。采用筛选菌株,确定发酵剂;比较不同酸度下制品感官质量的变化,探讨后发酵质量的控制方法;以正交试验对配方优化;以高脂饲料建立高血脂大鼠模型,制品为干预饲料,了解制品对模型大鼠血脂的影响。结果表明:最佳工艺为豆奶75.6%,山药提取物12%,鲜牛奶5%,麦芽糖醇5.9%,嗜热链球菌H菌株发酵剂1%,保加利亚乳杆菌LB菌株发酵剂0.5%,配料接种后于42℃发酵10h。制品口感好,粘度好,后发酵酸度变化小,不产生涩味,质量稳定,对大鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)水平均有显著降低作用,效果随剂量增大而增大,并显示添加山药提取物增效显著。本研究所确定生产工艺可较好地解决酸豆奶后发酵引起质量不稳定的问题,制品对高血脂大鼠的血脂具有很好的降低作用,可作为糖尿病人和高血脂病人的功能性食品来开发生产。     

山药多糖对2型糖尿病大鼠降糖机理的研究

为探讨山药多糖对2型糖尿病的降糖机理,采用高热量饮食结合腹腔注射小剂量链脲佐菌素(STZ)的方法制备试验性2型糖尿病大鼠模型,以不同剂量山药多糖[(100、70和40 mg/(kg.d)]和二甲双胍100 mg/(kg.d)灌胃治疗4周后,检测血清胰岛素及胰高血糖素、己糖激酶(HK)、琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)和苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)的活性。结果表明,与糖尿病模型组比较,山药多糖具有明显的降血糖作用;治疗组HK、SDH、MDH活性显著提高,提示山药多糖对2型糖尿病的治疗机制之一可能是山药多糖提高了糖代谢关键的酶活性。     

栽培方式对平凉山药农艺性状及产量的影响

以平凉山药为试材,研究了3种不同栽培方式下山药的农艺性状和产量表现.结果表明,相对于常规平作栽培,套管和打洞栽培产量、成品产量、块茎全长和块茎单质量显著增加.块茎全长与龙头、横径与块茎单质量成显著正相关,块茎单质量与产量,成品产量成极显著正相关.打洞栽培是适于平凉山药的一种简单易行、节本增效的栽培方式.     

山药节间部培养及其增殖的研究

本试验以普通山药(Dioscored batatas Decne)的节间部为外植体,通过筛选附加在NA-AO+Zt10~(-5)M和NAA10~(-6)M+BA10~(-6)M的MS培养基上幼植株形成率高,并且可生产多个嫩茎,其根系发达,分化速度快,繁殖系数大。为了保持山药种的纯度和无病毒株的利用,可用此法进行大量的无性繁殖。     

微波山药莲藕饼干的研制

选用新鲜山药、莲藕为主要原料,应用单因素试验和正交试验法,对山药莲藕饼干的配方和微波烤制工艺进行了研究,试验得出最佳工艺配方。     

Ploidy variation in the cultivated yams (Dioscorea cayenensis-Dioscorea rotundata complex) from Cameroon as determined by flow cytometry

The ploidy levels of the twenty-two yam (Dioscorea cayenensis-D. rotundata complex) cultivars within germplasm Cameroon Guinea yam were determined by flow cytometry. Three different ploidy levels (4x,6x, 8x) were detected within the samples analysed. Fifteen cultivars were tetraploids, five were hexaploids, and two were octoploids. The cultivar group EKOTO showed a high level of ploidy variation with tetraploid, hexaploid and octoploid cultivars. The hexaploid nature of cultivars Dobnawo and Bilougnou supported the hypothesis that they are hybrids between cultivars of the EKOTO group and either the KPE or BAKOKAE groups. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.