Isolation,Identification and Analysis of Serotype and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Pathogenic Salmonella from Chickens

To investigate the situations of predominant strain and antibiotic resistance of pathogenic Salmonella from chickens in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous region, Salmonella was pre-enriched and isolated from tissues of clinical suspected chickens, and the Salmonella isolates were identified by biochemical test using ID 32E System for the identification of Enterobacteriaceae of VITEK System ATB Expression, serotypes were determined by slid agglutination test, antibiotic susceptibility was analyzed by ATB VET Susceptibility Test Strip of Enterobacteriaceae antibiotics.The results showed that 34 Salmonella strains were obtained from 310 clinical samples, of which 1 strain belonged to A serogroup, 1 to C2 serogroup, 15 to B serogroup, 14 to D serogroup and 3 to untyped serogroup, and S.typhimurium of B serogroup and S.pullorum of D serogroup were the predominant serotypes.All Salmonella isolates were sensitive to meropenem, imipenem, spectinomycine and apramycine, and the resistance rates to chloramphenicol, kanamycine and gentamicine were less than 10%, and the resistance rates to amoxicillin, streptomycine, flumequine, oxolinique, sulfamethizol, tetracycline and nitrofurantoine ranged between 50% and 90%, while the resistance rates to penicilline, oxacilline, fusidique, rifampicine and metronidazole reached to 100%.The results indicated that the serotype distribution of pathogenic Salmonella from chickens exhibited regional characteristics, and S.typhimurium and S.pullorum were the predominant serotypes in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous region, and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella isolates was very serious which should be highly concerned.     

Effect of Heat Shock Protein-90 (HSP-90) mRNA Expression in Intestinal Tissuse of Chickens Infected with E.necatrix

The 90 chickens were randomly divided into control group, E.necatrix one time infection group and E.necatrix two times infection group.We used duplex PCR method to test the expression changes of HSP-90 mRNA in intestinal tissue of chickens infected with E.necatrix and researched the effects of it comprehensively and systematically.The results were showed that after 0 to 14 days the expression of HSP-90 mRNA in intestinal tissues of 14-day-old chickens infected with E.necatrix presented a upward trend though it was lower than the control chickens.These chickens were infected with E.necatrix again at 28 days, HSP-90 mRNA expressions of duodenum, jejunum and ileum decreased and then increased.However, it always showed a downward trend in appendix.When 28 days chickens were infected with high-does E.necatrix once, HSP-90 mRNA expressions of duodenum, jejunum and appendix were in a declining curve.While it was increased originally and then decreased in ileum.This study indicated that HSP-90 mRNA expressions in intestinal tissue of chickens infected with E.necatrix were inhibited at first, and the expression quantity was closely related to the degrees of intestinal tissue damage.     

包膜丁酸钠与癸氧喹酯联合应用抗鸡球虫作用研究

为研究包膜丁酸钠和癸氧喹酯联合用药抗鸡球虫的疗效。以柔嫩艾美耳球虫(E.tenella)口服接种建立雏鸡球虫感染模型,分为空白组,感染对照组,包膜丁酸钠(CSB,750 mg/kg)组,癸氧喹酯(DQ,40 mg/kg)组和联合用药组。在接种前1 d至接种后6 d拌料投喂CSB、DQ单用或联合用药,通过临床症状、粪便卵囊计数、盲肠病变记分以及盲肠组织病理观察来评价药物的抗球虫作用。结果表明:感染对照组和CSB处理组在感染后第5~6天均出现了大量血便,但CSB组推迟并减少了卵囊排出,DQ单用以及与CSB联合用药都明显推迟并减少了血便,盲肠病变记分也相应减轻,且联合用药组未见卵囊排出。盲肠组织HE染色结果与临床症状一致,联合用药组防治效果最佳。这表明单用CSB虽不能预防球虫病的发生,但与DQ合用时有一定的增效作用。     

基于可控气流-激光检测技术的鸡肉嫩度评估方法

以鸡肉嫩度为研究对象，采用可控气流-激光检测技术的瞬态、蠕变回复和应力松弛等动静态检测模态，并使用支持向量机分类器和全局变量偏最小二乘算法，结合不同预处理方法，对鸡肉嫩度进行定性判别和定量预测。结果表明3个激励模态结合不同预处理算法均可实现鸡肉嫩度的定性定量评估。在定性方面，瞬态模态对嫩度具有最佳的分类效果；S-G卷积平滑算法表现出最佳的预处理性能，校正集嫩/老分类精度分别为1和0.98，马修斯相关系数为0.97；而验证集分类精度也达到了0.95和0.84。在定量预测方面，S-G卷积平滑算法在提升原始数据的信噪比上同样具有最佳效果；瞬态模态校正集和验证集模型相关系数分别为0.948和0.913，均方根误差分别为0.736N和1.013N。因此，在组织结构引起的品质预测动态模态较静态模态更适用。本研究开展的可控气流-激光技术在鸡肉嫩度评估的应用，为肉品检测领域提供了新的解决方案。     

禽呼肠病毒感染鸡胚成纤维细胞后Toll样受体mRNA转录水平的动态变化

为分析禽呼肠病毒(ARV)标准毒株S1133株感染鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)后对相关鸡Toll样受体(ChTLRs)mRNA转录水平的影响作用,利用实时荧光定量PCR,测定和分析ARV-S1133感染CEF后ARV结构蛋白σC和ChTLRs的mRNA转录水平变化情况。结果表明,ARV-S1133感染CEF 10h后,ARVσC蛋白的mRNA相对表达量开始迅速上升,在48h达到峰值;同时,感染CEF中的ChTLR3、ChTLR5、ChTLR7、ChTLR15和ChTLR21mRNA表达量发生显著变化,在感染72h内各个受体的mRNA表达量呈波浪式变化。5个不同滴度的ARV感染CEF 24 h后,ChTLR3、ChTLR5、ChTLR7、ChTLR15、ChTLR21mRNA转录水平与病毒滴度均呈正线性相关。上述结果表明,ARV感染后可诱导CEF ChTLR3、ChTLR5、ChTLR7、ChTLR15、ChTLR21的mRNA转录水平发生变化,可能与禽呼肠病毒的复制和致病机制相关。     

Effect of Different Rearing Conditions of Indoor and Outdoor in Winter and Summer on Growth Performance and Immune Function of Heijiao MA Chicken

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of different rearing conditions of indoor and outdoor in winter and summer on growth performance and immune function of Heijiao MA chicken.In the winter and summer, 180 Heijiao MA chicken with the age of 35-day-old were chosen and randomly divided into two groups with three replicates per group and 30 chickens per replicate.The Heijiao MA chicken were reared at outdoor and indoor, respectively, and at 49, 63, 77, 91 days the immune organ indexes, serum antibody titers and growth performance were measured.The results showed that:①Whether it was winter or summer, the body weight of Heijiao MA chicken rearing at indoor were higher than that of outdoor, and the difference was significant at experimental stages in winter (P<0.05).There was significant difference only at 77 days old of Heijiao MA chicken in summer (P<0.05), the rest were not significant (P>0.05);②The ADG of outdoor group in summer was higher than that in winter, while the F/G of outdoor group in summer were significantly lower than that in winter (P<0.05).The ADFI and ADG of indoor group were not significantly different between winter and summer (P>0.05).③On immune function, immune organ indexes and ND antibody titer of Heijiao MA chicken of indoor group in winter were higher than outdoor group, while part of immune organ indexes, AI (H5) and ND antibody titers of outdoor group in summer were higher than that of indoor group;And ND and AI (H5) antibody titers in winter were higher than summer.In conclusion, The climate and season were major factors to influence the growth performance and immune function of Heijiao MA chicken.     

Analysis on Target Genes with Mutation in microRNA of Blue-shelled Chicken and White Leghorn

The study was conducted to explore the potential different characters between Blue-shelled chicken and White leghorn.Global genome microRNA was combined the identified microRNA with complementary lab-predicted microRNA.Then the two breed chicken's SNP data got by GGRS were mapped to the microRNA and focused on SNP that deliberately located in mature-microRNA.Bioinformatics method was adopted for target prediction on microRNA which had SNPs.By further gene enrichment analysis,the study found these genes enriched in 22 GO terms,10 KEGG pathways,and 3 IPA important networks.And they enriched in traits which associated with growth,such as mTOR signaling pathways,Wnt signaling pathways,growth hormone receptor networks and insulin-like growth factor Ⅰ receptor networks.And they also enriched in some laying traits,such as oocyte meiotic signaling pathways and progesterone mature oocytes signaling pathways.The methods and the results might provide references for further studies.     

生态放养鸡饲养管理技术

我国农业经济快速发展,养殖工作的重要性变得更为突出,其中以生态放养鸡的饲养管理工作最为重要。但是在生态放养鸡的饲养管理工作开展过程中,却发现存在一定的问题,这些问题来自于人为及自然等2个方面,导致生态放养鸡的饲养管理技术没有从根本上得到最大程度的提升。养殖者应对生态放养鸡饲养管理工作的开展予以全面化重视,只有确保相关的技术要点得到实现,才能提升生态鸡的养殖水平。