Variation in the ribosomal RNA units of the generaLens andCicer

Summary Investigation of the organization of the tandemly repeated 5S and 18–25S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes was carried out on members of the generaLens andCicer using restriction endonuclease digestion and Southern hybridization. The 5S rRNA unit (gene+spacer) inLens (0.38 to 0.50 kb) andCicer 0.50 to 0.44 kb) is the largest among the legumes. InL. nigricans andL. culinaris ssp.odemensis a second repeat size was detected. Restriction maps for the 18–25S units ofLens andCicer species were developed. The 18–25S rRNA unit varied from 8.3 to 9.8 kb inLens and 10.5 to 11.4 kb inCicer. The only detectable variability in theLens andCicer 18–25S rRNA unit was in the length of the intergenic spacer (IGS) region, except for a HindIII site in the IGS region ofL. nigricans ssp.nigricans and in allCicer species.Similarities in the size of both 5S and 18–25S rRNA units were noted betweenL. culinaris ssp.culinaris andL. culinaris ssp.orientalis, which supports previous evidence thatL. culinaris ssp.orientalis is the progenitor of the cultivated lentil. Differences in the arrangement of both 5S and 18–25S rRNA units were noted betweenL. nigricans ssp.nigricans andL. nigricans ssp.ervoides, indicating either divergent evolution of these subspecies or alternatively incorrect taxonomy.On the basis of the size of the 5S rRNA unit,C. bijugum, C. chorassanicum andC. echinospermum formed a group with a slightly smaller unit than the otherCicer species. Similarities in the length of both 5S and 18–25S rRNA units ofC. arietinum andC. reticulatum possibly confirmC. reticulatum as the progenitor ofC. arietinum. Cicer cuneatum has a smaller 18–25S rRNA unit than the otherCicer species as a result of a smaller intergenic spacer.     

绞股蓝内生真菌JY25胞外多糖对蛋雏鸡生长性能和肠黏膜免疫功能的影响

试验旨在探讨绞股蓝内生真菌JY25胞外多糖(JY25P)对蛋雏鸡生长性能和肠黏膜免疫功能的影响。将300羽健康的1日龄三黄蛋雏鸡,随机分为5组(每组设3个重复,每个重复20羽):Ⅰ组为灌服无菌水的空白对照组;Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组分别为灌服0.04%、0.08%和0.12%JY25P的试验组;Ⅴ组为灌服0.08%黄芪多糖的阳性对照组。结果表明:1)与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅳ组蛋雏鸡平均日增重显著提高了15.86%(P0.05),料重比极显著降低了24.13%(P0.01)。2)与Ⅰ组相比,试验各阶段,Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组、Ⅴ组均能显著提高蛋雏鸡血清中新城疫抗体效价(P0.05)。3)与Ⅰ组相比,在15日龄和20日龄,Ⅳ组可以极显著增加肠黏膜白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)含量(P0.01),而对分泌型免疫球蛋白A(SIg A)和IFN-γ/IL-4的影响不显著(P0.05)。结果提示:灌服0.12%JY25P能改善蛋雏鸡的生长性能,提高特异性新城疫抗体效价,增强非特异性肠黏膜IL-4和IFN-γ的分泌,同时维持机体的免疫平衡,因此,该多糖具有较好的应用前景。     

不同1-MCP处理对哈密瓜采后贮藏品质的影响

以西州密25号哈密瓜为试材,采用三种不同类型(国产粉剂、国产片剂、进口细颗粒剂)和不同浓度的1-MCP熏蒸处理15~18 h,研究对低温(6~8℃)贮藏条件下21 d哈密瓜果实的抗性生理及贮藏品质的影响。结果表明,在整个贮藏期内,以经过B1(进口1包/箱)、A2(国产片剂2片/箱)、C3(国产粉剂70 mg/m3)处理的果实硬度下降值较低;SSC有明显的升高;失重率较小;能提高SOD和CAT活性;有效保持西州密25号哈密瓜的贮藏品质。其中进口1-MCP保鲜剂的保鲜效果略优于国产的1-MCP产品。     

1α，25-二羟维生素D3对大鼠成骨细胞增殖分化及周期的影响

在SD大鼠成骨细胞（Osteoblast,OB）体外培养体系中添加不同浓度1α,25-二羟维生素D3（0、10^-9、10^-8、10^-7mol／L）,作用24、48、72h,测定OB增殖率、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性,作用48h流式细胞仪测定0B周期。结果显示,10^-9mol／L 1α,25-二羟维生素D3作用24、48、72h均促进oB增殖（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,抑制ALP活性（P〈0.01）;10^-8、10^-7mol／L作用24、48h,OB增殖率与对照组差异不显著（P〉0.05）,但24h时ALP活性均明显升高（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,48h则抑制了ALP活性并使OB滞留在G2／M期（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;72h时10^-7mol／L组OB增殖率极显著低于其余各组（P〈0.01）,并使ALP活性升高（P〈0.01）。表明低浓度1α,25-二羟维生素D3能促进OB增殖,抑制其分化;高浓度1α,25-二羟维生素D3能抑制OB增殖,促进其分化,并使细胞滞留在G2／M期。     

土壤团聚体稳定性评价方法比较

土壤团聚体稳定性是评价土壤结构和土壤物理形状的重要指标.对土壤团聚体分形维数、土壤团聚体平均重量直径和>0.25 mm团聚体含量3种土壤团聚体结构评价的方法进行了探讨.结果表明,分形维数与>0.25 mm团聚体的含量呈负相关性,但是平均重量直径与>0.25 mm团聚体的含量有正的相关性.这三种方法都能应用来评价土壤结构,但是分形维数不仅表示土壤结构,还能说明土壤水分和土壤其它的物理性质.因此,分形维数是评价土壤结构的较好的方法.     

25% JS7119乳油对桔全爪螨的生物活性和田间防效

测定25% JS7119 乳油对不同虫态桔全爪螨的生物活性和田间防效。活性测定结果表明,25% JS7119 乳油对桔全爪螨成虫的玻片浸渍法的致死中浓度(LC50)为115.921 7 mg/kg,大于对照药剂5%唑螨酯悬浮剂和15%哒螨灵乳油的致死中浓度;叶片浸渍法的LC50值 为0.639 4 mg/kg,大于15%哒螨灵乳油的LC50,小于5%唑螨酯悬浮剂的LC50。25% JS7119乳油对桔全爪螨若虫和卵的叶片浸渍法的LC50 值分别为4.478 3和644.391 7 mg/kg,均大于5%唑螨酯悬浮剂和15%哒螨灵乳油的LC50。田间防效测定结果表明,25% JS7119 乳油625倍液对桔全爪螨速效性较好,持效期15 d左右,与15%哒螨灵乳油1 500倍液的防效基本相当。     

25℃条件下不同水分玉米对储藏环境中气体浓度变化的影响研究

通过对3种不同水分(偏低水分11.8%、安全水分13.3%和偏高水分16.3%)的玉米在25℃条件下,储藏密闭环境内N2、O2和CO2浓度变化的测定,研究密闭储藏环境条件下玉米粮粒周围环境气体成分浓度的变化规律。20L规模的实验室研究结果表明:不同水分玉米在密闭储藏时环境中N2浓度随时间的变化均不大;不同水分玉米在密闭储藏时环境中O2浓度与储藏时间呈负相关,偏低水分和安全水分玉米储藏环境中O2浓度随时间变化趋势基本无差异,偏高水分玉米储藏环境中O2浓度在各时间段均明显低于偏低水分和安全水分玉米,并且这种差异达极显著水平;不同水分玉米在密闭储藏时环境中CO2浓度与储藏时间呈正相关,其中储藏环境中CO2浓度在各时间段的大小为:偏低水分玉米安全水分玉米偏高水分玉米,且偏低水分和安全水分、安全水分和偏高水分间的差异达到显著水平,偏低水分和偏高水分间的差异达极显著水平;不同水分玉米密闭储藏环境中CO2的累积量在有氧呼吸阶段随耗O2量增加而增加,在无氧呼吸阶段CO2累积量和耗O2量无关。通过对玉米密闭储藏环境中气体浓度以及耗氧量和CO2累积量随时间的变化趋势线进行回归分析,得到25℃条件下不同水分玉米密闭环境中N2、O2和CO2的回归方程以及耗氧量和CO2累积量的回归方程,利用相应回归方程,可获得玉米在密闭储藏时环境中不同储藏时间段的气体浓度,为气调储藏时玉米粮粒自呼吸的合理利用提供基础技术参数和数据模型。     

The Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acid on Vitamin D Activation in Hemodialysis Patients: A Pilot Study

The high incidence of cardiovascular disease and vitamin D deficiency in chronic kidney disease patients is well known. Vitamin D activation by omega-3 fatty acid (FA) supplementation may explain the cardioprotective effects exerted by omega-3 FA. We hypothesized that omega-3 FA and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) supplementation may increase 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)₂D) levels compared to 25(OH)D supplementation alone in hemodialysis (HD) patients that have insufficient or deficient 25(OH)D levels. We enrolled patients that were treated for at least six months with 25(OH)D < 30 ng/mL ({"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT01596842","term_id":"NCT01596842"}}NCT01596842). Patients were randomized to treatment for 12 weeks with cholecalciferol supplemented with omega-3 FA or a placebo. Levels of 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)₂D were measured after 12 weeks. The erythrocyte membrane FA contents were also measured. Levels of 25(OH)D were increased in both groups at 12 weeks compared to baseline. The 1,25(OH)₂D levels at 12 weeks compared to baseline showed a tendency to increase in the omega-3 FA group. The oleic acid and monounsaturated FA content decreased, while the omega-3 index increased in the omega-3 FA group. Omega-3 FA supplementation may be partly associated with vitamin D activation, although increased 25(OH)D levels caused by short-term cholecalciferol supplementation were not associated with vitamin D activation in HD patients.