燕麦散黑穗病防治药剂筛选及其对燕麦幼苗生长的影响

为更好的防治燕麦(Avena sativa)散黑穗病(Ustilago avenae),筛选可行杀菌剂并测定其对病原冬孢子萌发及燕麦幼苗生长的影响,采用水琼脂平板培养冬孢子萌发法和培养皿滤纸发芽法测定5 种杀菌剂对散黑穗病菌冬孢子萌发影响以及药剂拌种对燕麦种子发芽、干物质重、根系性状的影响。结果表明:33.5%喹啉铜悬浮剂对燕麦散黑穗病病原菌冬孢子萌发抑制率为100%,且对种子发芽、干物质积累、根系生长具有促进作用;45%咪鲜胺水乳剂对燕麦散黑穗病病原菌冬孢子萌发抑制率为100%,但其拌种的燕麦种子发芽、干物质积累、根系性状均低于对照;25%嘧菌酯悬浮液、40%氟硅唑乳油、25%苯醚甲环唑乳油对燕麦散黑穗病冬孢子萌发均具有较高抑制作用,且对燕麦种子发芽、干物质积累和根系性状均无影响,其施药剂量分别为75 g·hm^-2,60 g·hm^-2和1000倍液。     

Presence of β-glucanase activity in wheat and dairy ingredients and use of organic salts as potential enzyme inhibitors

Depolymerization of mixed linkage cereal β-glucans has been observed during the mixing and fermentation of multigrain breads. To maintain the bioactivity of β-glucans in bread and other foods, control of β-glucanase activity during production is needed. β-Glucanase activity in wheat and dairy ingredients was determined by adding them to β-glucan solutions and following the change in the molecular weight of β-glucan at 50 °C for 60 min. The activities in six wheat and six dairy ingredients ranged from undetectable to a 98% reduction in molecular weight. Calcium propionate, potassium sorbate, and sodium benzoate are salts of organic acids commonly used as food preservatives. Low concentrations of these additives (0.1–1.0%) were found to have an inhibitory effect on the β-glucanases found in wheat flour and whey protein isolate. The depolymerization rate of β-glucan was reduced by up to 76% by the three additives.     

水分胁迫对不同抗旱性燕麦品种生理特性的影响

为了解燕麦抗旱生理机制,以抗旱性不同的燕麦品种蒙燕1号和坝莜3号为试验材料,采用盆栽方法研究了拔节期和抽穗期水分胁迫对不同抗旱性燕麦品种生理特性的影响。结果表明,在拔节期,地上部各生理指标在水分处理间与品种间均无显著差异。在抽穗期,随着水分胁迫的加剧,燕麦叶片相对含水量升高,相对电导率、丙二醛含量下降,保护酶(POD、SOD)活性和可溶性蛋白先降低后升高。中度水分胁迫下,与蒙燕麦1号相比,坝莜3号的丙二醛含量、叶片相对含水量变化幅度较大,保护酶活性升幅较小;在其他水分处理下各生理指标在品种间差异不显著。适度控水下,蒙燕1号的可溶性蛋白含量降幅小于坝莜3号。在拔节期,重度水分胁迫下,坝莜3号的根系活力降幅大于蒙燕1号;两个品种分别在适度控水和中度水分胁迫下根系活力最大。在抽穗期,两个品种根系活力受水分胁迫影响较小。综合分析表明,抗旱性强的蒙燕1号在水分胁迫下能保持相对较优的生理状态,其代谢功能和保水能力较强。     

旱棚条件下燕麦品种的耐旱性评价

选用6个不同类型的燕麦品种,在旱棚条件下通过水、旱处理对比进行耐旱性鉴定。结果表明：干旱处理能够反映燕麦品种耐旱能力的绝对量,非干旱处理能够反映燕麦品种丰产性的绝对量;坝莜3号、冀张莜4号、坝莜1号、坝燕4号和坝莜9号均具有较强的耐旱性,冀张莜4号、坝燕4号、坝莜9号和坝莜6号对水分反应敏感,具有较好的丰产性,其中冀张莜4号既耐旱又喜水。此外,水旱比值能够反映燕麦品种对水分的敏感性和丰产性,在抗旱性评价中同样具有重要意义。     

无糖发酵功能饼干加工技术的研究

以面粉为主要原料,添加燕麦粉、麦芽糖醇和松化酶制作无糖发酵功能饼干。通过单因素试验和正交试验确定了无糖发酵功能饼干的最优工艺参数。结果表明:制作无糖发酵功能饼干的最佳工艺条件为:燕麦15%,麦芽糖醇10%,发酵3.5h,夹酥6次。     

旱地莜麦新品种定莜8号选育报告

旱地莜麦新品种定莜8号为定西市旱作农业科研推广中心以裸燕麦8626-2作母本,皮燕麦新西兰作父本杂交系统选育而成。在2006—2008年甘肃省联合区域试验中,3 a 15点（次）折合平均产量2 256.00 kg/hm2,较对照品种定莜4号增产23.9%,居6个参试品种（系）的第1位。生育期106～117 d,株高11...     

Natural variation in avenin epitopes among oat varieties: Implications for celiac disease

Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the small intestinal mucosa. The causative agents have been identified as gluten proteins from wheat, barley, and rye, and the only available treatment for CD patients is a lifelong gluten-free diet. Non-gluten containing cereals would be a valuable contribution to the gluten-free diet. In this respect, oats are a good choice. However, commercial lots of oat flakes and flour frequently are contaminated with wheat, barley, and rye, and two studies have reported that some peptides derived from the gluten-like avenin storage proteins of oat can trigger an immune response in some CD patients. In the present study we have initiated the investigation whether all oat varieties contain similar amounts of potentially harmful sequences by biochemical and immunological methods. We confirm that commercial oat preparations are contaminated with other cereals that contain gluten or gluten-like proteins. Moreover, our results demonstrate that contamination-free oat varieties differ in their capacity to stimulate an avenin-sensitive gamma-gliadin specific T cell line derived from a patient with CD, indicative for differences in the two known avenin epitopes among oat varieties, implying that selection and breeding of completely safe oat varieties for all CD patients may be a realistic possibility.     

麦片加工专用皮燕麦品种冀张燕3号的选育及配套栽培技术研究

【目的】介绍麦片加工专用燕麦品种冀张燕3号的选育及配套栽培技术。【方法】冀张燕3号是张家口市农业科学院从国外引进的42个皮燕麦品种中筛选出的优质麦片加工专用型皮燕麦品种。介绍了该品种的产量表现、品种特征特性和栽培技术要点。[结果】该品种生育期97．60d,千粒重36．63g,出米率为76．73％,粗蛋白含量13.31％,粗脂肪含量5．29％,最高产量可达5266．95kg／hm2,一般旱地种植籽实产量为3753.30kg／hm2,比同类主栽品种红旗2号增产33．51％。【结论】该品种适宜在河北坝上以及周边相同生态类型区的内蒙、山西种植、     

“青海444”燕麦中皂苷提取工艺研究

[目的]研究利用索氏浸提法提取燕麦中皂苷的工艺条件。[方法]以乙醇？正丁醇为溶剂,以皂苷Re为标准品,采用分光光度法定量分析燕麦提取液中总皂苷含量,利用正交试验设计研究料液比、乙醇浓度、浸提温度对提取率的影响。[结果]各因素对皂苷提取率影响的主次顺序依次为：乙醇浓度〉料液比〉浸提温度;最佳提取条件：料液比为1∶7,乙醇浓度70%,浸提温度60℃;在此条件下,提取率为2.504%。[结论]该方法操作方便,简单易行,具有推广应用价值。     

储藏时间对燕麦种子发芽力的影响

[目的]确定燕麦种子的最适储藏时间。[方法]以燕麦品种青引1号为试材,选取2003～2008年各个年份存贮的饱满种子,分别采用3种发芽方法（培养皿法、土埋法和砂粒法）进行发芽试验,测定不同储藏时间燕麦种子的发芽率、发芽势及发芽指数。[结果]燕麦种子储藏时间对种子发芽力有极显著影响。贮存第1—2年后,种子发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数逐年提高,且贮存第2年的达最大,分别为96．5％、78．5％和41．3％,当年种子由于处于休眠阶段,上述3个测定值均最低,分别为76％、62．7％和33．4％。贮存3年后,发芽率逐年降低约5％～6％。3种发芽方法中,砂粒法的发芽率极显著高于培养皿法和土埋法。[结论]燕麦种子的最适储藏时间为1—3年,存放8—9年的燕麦种子则失去发芽力。