3个燕麦品种不同收获期对青贮饲草营养价值的影响

选择裸燕麦(Avena sativa)白燕2号和白燕8号、皮燕麦白燕7号,分别在抽穗期、灌浆期和乳熟期刈割,进行常规青贮并调制青干草,90d后测定燕麦青贮料与青干草的常规营养成分,分析燕麦青贮料的青贮品质。结果表明:燕麦青贮料的粗蛋白含量比青干草中粗蛋白含量高1%～2%。随着生育时期的延迟,燕麦青贮料中干物质含量显著提高(P<0.05),抽穗期为17.74%FM,乳熟期为33.86%FM。粗蛋白含量显著降低(P<0.05),抽穗期为12.28%DM,乳熟期为9.49%DM。抽穗期燕麦青贮料的氨态氮/总氮为12.99%,青贮效果差。在3个燕麦品种中白燕8号青贮料的pH和挥发性脂肪酸较低。因此,燕麦青贮料的营养价值高于青干草,在干物质基础上,裸燕麦白燕2号和白燕8号在抽穗期制作青贮料营养成分较优,而青贮品质则是乳熟期白燕8号的青贮料最好。     

Detection of the lunasin peptide in oats (Avena sativa L)

We report the first discovery of lunasin in oats (Avena sativa L). Lunasin is a novel cancer preventive, anti-inflammatory and cholesterol-reducing peptide originally isolated from soy and later found in cereals (barley, rye, wheat, triticale). Lunasin was detected in oats using LC–MS/MS analysis. The chromatograms and mass spectra of lunasin isolated from five oat genotypes were compared with those of the synthetic lunasin peptide. We measured the lunasin content in harvests of two years and found that all tested oat genotypes contained the lunasin peptide. However, we observed genotype-related fluctuations in the lunasin content. Notably, the middle early oat variety ‘Ivory’ contained the highest and the most stable lunasin level at 0.197 ± 0.01 mg per g of grain in year 2010 and 0.195 ± 0.009 mg per g of grain in 2011. We also characterized the selected oat genotypes by measuring the contents of protein, β-glucans, fat, starch and moisture in the grains. However, we did not find correlation between lunasin and protein, and β-glucan content. Lunasin isolated from oat showed similar to the synthetic lunasin antioxidant effects. The detection of lunasin complements a list of bioactive compounds present in oats and strengthens recommendations to use oat products.     

Characterization of a gluten reference material: Wheat-contaminated oats

Oat could be a good addition to the Gluten Free diet, but the purity of the oat supply is under scrutiny. As celiac disease becomes more prevalent, better detection tools for gluten in oats are necessary. We aimed to produce reference materials (RMs) of Canada Western Red Spring wheat (CWRS)-contaminated oat flour. Pure, uncontaminated oats flour (cultivars Navan and Gehl) was supplied by Cream Hill Estates. CWRS samples were provided by the Canadian Grain Commission from the 2009 Harvest Sample program. RMs containing 0, 20 and 100 ppm CWRS gluten-contaminated oats were created using a V-shell blender and tested by sandwich-type ELISA for gluten. Marked variations in ELISA results for the RMs were found among different test kits due to differences in capture antibodies and kit construction. The Veratox test was accurate at the 0, 20 and 100 ppm levels but detected only 30% (Veratox) and 50% (Veratox R5) of gluten at the 1000 ppm level; the Ridascreen test was accurate at all levels; the Biokits test detected roughly 10% of the gluten dosage; the Gluten-Check test detected some 30% of the gluten dosage. The RMs created could serve as standards for gluten detection in oat containing foods.     

Quantitative analysis of inositol phosphate contents in oat products using an anion exchange chromatographic method

Oat has gained interest due to its high nutritional value. When utilising oat fractions rich in dietary fibre, their inositol phosphate (InsP, including phytate) content is considerably high due to the lack of active phytase in the kilned oat ingredients. The high InsP content is linked to decreased mineral absorption in the gut, but the mineral-binding ability of InsPs also results in antioxidativity and a decrease in starch hydrolysis, thus lowering glycaemic response. This study aimed to further develop an anion exchange liquid chromatographic method for quantification of different InsP forms from oat products and to study the changes in the InsP contents resulting from the differences in the ingredients or processes. The method was applicable for quantifying such InsP forms that can effectively bind minerals. The InsPs were stable at moderate temperatures and in the oat baking process, but a significant degradation occurred during the high-temperature treatments, extrusion, and bacterial fermentation.     

燕麦耐盐性的生理生化指标网络分析

为探讨盐胁迫下燕麦幼苗耐盐性与生理生化指标之间的关系,采用沙培法对6个栽培燕麦品种进行盐胁迫处理（0、1、2、4、6、8g/kg NaCl）,在播种7、14、21d时测定各处理下幼苗的生长指标和生理生化指标,并用单因素方差、相关性网络、隶属函数等方法进行数据分析。结果表明,耐盐指标间存在显著正相关关系,过氧化物酶活性、叶绿素含量与耐盐指标间存在显著正相关,丙二醛、可溶性糖、脯氨酸含量与耐盐指标间存在显著负相关;种子千粒重与耐盐指标、过氧化物酶及叶绿素含量之间存在显著负相关关系。     

基于GIS的宁夏皮燕麦种植气候适宜性分析

为合理利用气候资源,发挥气象为农服务作用,科学规划宁夏皮燕麦产业发展。利用宁夏中南部地区2017—2018年皮燕麦产量和气象数据,通过相关性分析方法确定宁夏皮燕麦种植气候适宜性区划指标,再根据宁夏23个地面气象站1981—2010年气候资料和地理信息数据模拟区划指标空间分布。综合各指标权重,通过栅格运算获得宁夏皮燕麦种植气候适宜性区划图。结果表明：宁夏皮燕麦种植气候适宜区主要分布在宁夏南部冷凉山区,次适宜区主要分布在宁夏中部干旱少雨地带,不适宜区主要分布在宁夏中北部黄河平原。本研究结果为合理规划宁夏皮燕麦产业布局,新品种引种和推广种植提供了科学依据。     

施氮量和播种量对燕麦光合特性、激素含量及种子产量的影响

为探究不同施氮量和播种量对燕麦（Avena sativa L.）光合特性、激素含量及种子产量的影响，本研究以‘青燕1号’燕麦为材料，采用随机区组设计，设置60，180和300 kg·hm^-2共3个播种量，每个播种量设0，45，90，135和180 kg·hm^-2共5个施氮量，研究施氮量和播种量对燕麦旗叶光合特性、衰老相关激素含量和种子产量的影响。结果表明，施氮量、播种量及其交互作用对燕麦旗叶光合特性、衰老相关激素含量和种子产量有显著影响（P<0.001）。种子产量随施氮量和播种量的增加先增加后降低，90 kg·hm^-2施氮量、180 kg·hm^-2播种量时种子产量最高（P<0.05），达3 654 kg·hm^-2。旗叶的光合效率随施氮量和播种量的增加呈先升高后降低的趋势，燕麦种子产量与旗叶光合特性极显著相关（P<0.01）。综上所述，90 kg·hm^-2施氮量和180 kg·hm^-2播种量是湟中及周边地区种植燕麦的适宜栽培措施。     

干旱胁迫对‘青燕1号’燕麦器官生长及水分利用效率的影响

为探究干旱胁迫后燕麦（Avena sativa）生长及水分利用的响应变化，本研究选择‘青燕1号’（Avena sativa ‘Qingyan No.1’）进行干旱胁迫处理，研究水分亏缺对燕麦生长发育的影响。结果显示：燕麦株高、茎粗和叶面积随着胁迫程度和次数增加下降明显；干旱胁迫抑制了根、茎、叶和穗鲜重的增加，各处理以苗期-拔节期、孕穗-抽穗期、开花-乳熟期持续性中度和重度干旱降幅最大；干旱胁迫后光合性能变化明显，蒸腾速率下降幅度达4.11~10.35 mmol·m^-2·s^-1，净光合速率降幅达3.10~16.59 μmol·m^-2·s^-1，气孔导度降幅达0.03~0.34 mol·m^-2·s^-1；干旱胁迫后燕麦水分利用效率（water use efficiency，WUE）以苗期-拔节期、开花-乳熟期轻度干旱处理最高（4.95），各器官稳定碳同位素分辨率（△¹³C）有增有减，其中△¹³C_sp与WUE呈极显著负相关，△¹³C_le和△¹³C_st与WUE呈显著负相关。整体水平来看，干旱胁迫程度和次数对燕麦形态特征、器官鲜重及光合性能的影响大小表现为：中度和重度胁迫、胁迫3次影响最大。     

Fabrication and characterization of oat flour processed by different methods

The properties of oat flour can be manipulated by processing to suit various consumption and product development needs. In this work, three different processes typically used on oat flour, namely the extrusion, drum drying and enzyme-treatment spray drying process were evaluated with respect to how each process changes the quality of the oat flour. Results showed that the extrusion process produced oat flour with the best flow ability while the enzyme-treated spray drying process led to the lowest flowability. The color of enzyme-treated spray-drying oat flour was the brightest while the oat flours turned darker after extrusion and drum drying. In addition, drum dried oat flour had the highest capability to hold water. In terms of particle size distribution, the extruded and drum dried oat flour showed smaller particle size and the particle had less complete and irregular surfaces. On the other hand, the enzyme-treated spray-drying samples showed the best particle uniformity and sphericity. The viscosity of all the treated oat flour decreased with increasing shear rate, indicating the shear thinning behavior, and a weak gel-like behavior with very high viscosity was obtained via drum drying. The results reported here can be useful and provide a baseline to fully understand how the oat flour properties changes with different processing methods to offer a wider opportunity in using oat flour for food product fortification and design.     

两种悬浮种衣剂对燕麦蚜虫及红叶病的防治效果

为给种衣剂在燕麦上的推广应用提供依据,研究了吡虫啉和噻虫嗪两种种衣剂对燕麦蚜虫及红叶病的田间防治效果及增产作用.结果表明,两种种表剂以4～6 mL/kg种子剂量一次性包衣后,对燕麦蚜虫和红叶病均有较好防效,在燕麦扬花期对麦蚜的防效大于50%,成熟期对红叶病的防效也在43%以上,增产效果显著.相比而言,吡虫啉种衣剂防治效果优于噻虫嗪.