Detect unique molecular structure associated with physiochemical properties in CDC varieties of oat grain with unique nutrient traits [Feed Type vs. Milling Type] in comparison with barley grain using advanced molecular spectroscopy as a non-destructive biological tool

The objective of this study was to determinate grain unique protein inherent molecular structure that are related physiochemical and nutrient profiles in CDC developed oat varieties [CDC Nasser (Feed Type) and CDC Seabiscuit (Milling Type)] grown in cool climate condition in western Canada in comparison with conventional barley variety of CDC Meredith as a control using advanced molecular spectroscopy. Multivariate analyses, including an agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis (CLA) and principal component analysis (PCA), were performed to identify protein molecular structural differences among the grains. The results revealed that CDC Seabiscuit contained greater (P < 0.05) protein structural Amide I and II than CDC Nasser and CDC Meredith, while the greater (P < 0.005) structural Amide I to II area and height ratios was detected in CDC Meredith. New oat grains had greater (P < 0.05) β-sheet height than barley grains, however, there was no difference in α-helix to β-sheet ratio values among the varieties. In conclusion, CDC Nasser and CDC Meredith had no difference in protein molecular structural features, while CDC Seabiscuit contains different protein structural characteristics as compared to CDC Meredith grain. The molecular structure features are highly associated with physiochemical and nutrient profiles in grains, which indicate that it also affect nutrient utilization and availability.     

Vererbung des β-Glucangehaltes der Haferkaryopse

Inheritance process for β-glucan content in oat caryopsis
Due to the fact that there are only few studies concerning β-glucans in oat caryopsis with regard to plant-breeding aspects, three oat crosses were performed (cross 19 = low × high, cross 86 = low × low, cross 98 = high × high). In all of the three oat crosses, lower β-glucan content (% DM) was recorded in F, than in F, indicating that the β-glucan content (% DM) at a higher heterozygoty grade is lower than at a reduced heterozygoty grade. This points to a dominant inheritance of lower β-glucan content (% DM). A tendency towards the female β-glucan content (% DM) could not be proven. Thus, it can be started from a nuclear genetic inheritance of the β-glucan content (% DM). In most cases, the experiments showed a normal distribution of β-glucan content (% DM), indicating for several genes a quantitative inheritance of β-glucan content (% DM). By means of the regression of the F₃-lines to the F₂-plants, the narrow-sense heritability could be calculated for the cross 86 (h²= 0.51***) and the cross 98 (h²= 0.48***). The heritability for the cross 19 was not significant.     

青藏高原燕麦人工草地营养体农业生产潜力的探讨

燕麦在青藏高原地区自然环境条件下有着独特的适应能力,并具有丰产、稳产的特征,在放牧牲畜冷季补饲中发挥着其它饲草饲料作物品种不可替代的作用,是解决冷季缺草、确保高寒草地畜牧业生产可持续发展的最佳品种。农业栽培技术措施的科学化、合理化应用对燕麦营养体农业生产蕴藏着巨大的潜力。     

高寒地区一年生人工草地地上生物量动态及光能转化效率

对燕麦单播草地、燕麦+箭舌豌豆混播草地牧草组成及地上生物量动态,光能转化效率进行了观测和分析。试验结果表明,混播草地的两组分在生长发育节律和牧草产量积累过程方面均存在着较大的差异,箭舌豌豆与燕麦干物质之比随牧草生长发育的进展而逐渐增大。2种草地的干草产量在牧草生长期间差异不显著。8月中旬,单、混播草地干物质分别可达10.19、11.74t/hm2,地上净初级生产力分别为18874.69、21204.79kJ/(m2·a),光能转化率分别达0.3502%、0.3922%。     

燕麦在高寒地区畜牧业可持续发展中的地位

燕麦是我国北方牧区的一种优良栽培饲草，世代居住于青藏高原的藏族牧户也有种植燕麦的优良传统。大面积种植燕麦，建立高产、高效、优质的人工草地是解决我国高寒草地草畜供求季节不平衡矛盾，增加植被覆盖，保护草地资源和促进草地畜牧业可持续发展的关键措施之一，在维系青藏高原草地畜牧业的持续发展和防止草地退化过程中起着至关重要的作用。     

燕麦与毛苕子混播试验初报

通过对比试验的方法，进行了燕麦与毛苕子混播试验，结果表明：B处理鲜草产量明显高于其它处理，其抗倒伏性能随毛苕子播量的增加而降低。B处理的燕麦与毛苕子植株增高幅度也最大。     

陇中黄土高原半干旱区9个燕麦品种籽粒产量及其营养价值研究

本研究对9个燕麦(Avena sativa)品种的主要农艺性状、种子产量和籽粒营养品质进行了比较,以期筛选出适宜在陇中黄土高原半干旱区生产利用的燕麦品种。结果表明：供试燕麦品种均属于中熟型,在当地均能成熟;9个燕麦农艺性状、种子产量及籽粒营养品质之间存在显著差异(P<0.05),‘迪燕1号’的株高和穗长最高,分别为150.00cm和30.50cm,但种子产量最低,为1734.20kg·hm^-2,穗粒数和穗粒重均以‘魏都莜5号’最高,分别为128.4粒和2.84g,‘晋燕17号’的种子产量和淀粉含量最高,分别为2500.00kg·hm^-2和53.68%,但粗蛋白含量最低,仅为15.95%,‘张莜8号’的千粒重最高,为28.20g,粗蛋白含量以‘张莜9号’最高,达18.75%,‘坝莜18号’的β-葡聚糖和粗脂肪含量最高,分别为4.37%和6.35%。应用灰色关联度理论方法对9个燕麦品种的主要农艺性状、种子产量与籽粒营养品质指标进行综合分析得出,‘晋燕17号’‘魏都莜5号’‘迪燕1号’综合性状较好,适宜在陇中黄土高原半干旱区种植及推广。     

Development of a standard test for dough-making properties of oat cultivars

Bread is consumed all over the world. However, so far, production of large volume bread is only possible with wheat. Alternatives, such as oats, are less suitable but this is partly due to the lack of knowledge about their functionality for other purposes than porridge, which is their most common use. Existing standard tests for the dough making characteristics of wheat flour are not suitable for oat flour, hampering research to optimize oats for bread-making purposes. We therefore set out to develop a test to evaluate oat in relation to mixing and dough making properties using wheat as a model. It was possible to reproduce the profile of various qualities of wheat flour using mixtures of oat flour and gluten in different proportions. Our standard test was based on a dough system composed of 87.2% oat flour and 12.8% gluten and it presented similar properties to a wheat flour with regard to resistance to extension. This dough system was sensitive and reliable (coefficient of variation lower than 10%) for detecting differences among oat cultivars, and it can be used to screen oat varieties and individual oat components in relation to relevant properties for bread-making purposes.     

全球燕麦生产时空演变规律及对中国的启示

燕麦是世界第七大栽培作物,也是中国北方重要的粮饲兼用作物,因其具有抗旱、耐瘠薄等特性,在中国旱作区农业发展中占有举足轻重的地位。明确全球燕麦生产时空演变规律,可为中国燕麦种植结构调整和优化提供重要参考依据。本研究基于1961-2019年全球燕麦生产数据,利用线性回归模型、贡献率以及优势指数分析全球燕麦生产时空演变规律。结果表明,近59年来,全球燕麦收获面积和总产量均呈降低趋势。欧洲是全球燕麦生产中心,1961-1980、1981-1998和1999-2019年三个阶段的总产量分别占世界总量的58.2%、67.4%和62.6%;中国燕麦在这三个阶段的收获面积和总产量总体呈下降趋势,但同期总产量的世界占比却不断增加,从2.0%增长至3.0%。其中,2019年中国燕麦总产量达49.6万t,位列世界第十位。与美国、加拿大、芬兰和澳大利亚等主产国相比,中国燕麦生产的规模优势指数和效率优势指数虽处于不断上升趋势,但整体仍处于劣势地位。因此,优化调整燕麦种植规模,提高单产水平,对中国燕麦产业的可持续发展具有重要意义。