骨质疏松症的兽医临床研究进展

骨质疏松症是养殖业中危害畜禽健康的重要骨骼疾病之一,给养殖业带来了巨大的经济损失.从发病原因、临床症状、预防措施等几个方面对笼养蛋鸡、奶牛和羊的骨质疏松症进行了综述,以期为骨质疏松症的研究和兽医临床防治提供参考.     

Musculoskeletal responses of 2-year-old Thoroughbred horses to early training. 8. Quantitative back-scattered electron scanning electron microscopy and confocal fluorescence microscopy of the epiphysis of the third metacarpal bone

AIM: To characterise and explain the increase in density evident by computerised tomography (CT) and radiography in companion studies as a response to training, in bone in the palmar and dorsal regions of the condyles of the third metacarpal bone (Mc3) of 2-year-old Thoroughbred horses.

METHODS: Compositional back-scattered electron (BSE) imaging in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) were conducted on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)-embedded mediolateral slices of the right distal Mc3 from seven 2-year-old Thoroughbred horses trained on a racetrack and seven untrained horses kept at pasture. One left Mc3 from each group was studied in transverse section planes. This study focussed on regions of Mc3 found to differ in density between the trained and untrained horses in companion studies using CT and radiography.

RESULTS: The increase of bone density in the condyles of Mc3 in trained horses compared with untrained horses occurred, without prior osteoclastic resorption, via the deposition of new bone on pre-existing internal surfaces. Within prior marrow spaces of cancellous bone, there was also rapid formation of immature strands and fronds of bone which were more cellular and mineralised, and more lamellar bone tissue was deposited on these new scaffolding elements in the trained horses. Both resulted in increased bone volume fraction (BVF). The microscopic mineralisation density of the bulk of the new tissue was lower than in pre-existing bone, and CT and radiography underestimated the increase in BVF. The new tissue was thus probably less stiff at the microscopic scale than pre-existing bone, though its addition would stiffen the global structure.

CONCLUSIONS: In Mc3 of all the trained horses, there were obvious differences in microscopic structure compared with those from the untrained horses. Moderate, industry-standard levels of exercise used to prepare young horses for racing induced the formation of new bone in non-bone spaces in bone tissue, such that the bone organ should better withstand later increased levels of exercise.     

PKP术治疗老年骨质疏松性胸腰椎 压缩性骨折的临床观察

〔摘要〕目的观察经皮椎体后凸成形术(percutaneous kyphoplasty , PKP)治疗老年骨质疏松性压缩性骨折的临 床疗效、方法对收治的符合纳入标准的38例老年骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折患者应用PKP治疗并进行临床 疗效和影像学分析〔术后随访2个月、结果术后腰背部疼痛消失35例,疼痛明显减轻3例,无骨水泥渗漏〔术后 行影像学检查未见椎管内占位,后凸畸形明显改善、术后伤椎前柱平均高度明显提高(P<0.05 ) , Cobb角恢复至正 常水平,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05 )、结论PKP术创伤小、安全、临床疗效好,能迅速缓解疼痛,有效恢 复伤椎高度,是治疗老年骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折的理想治疗方法、     

鹿角的化学成分及药理活性研究进展

鹿角是一种传统中药,具有广泛的药理活性和医疗保健功能,被历代医药学家所推崇,具有巨大开发利用及经济价值,本文对多种鹿角化学及药理活性方面的研究进展进行了综述,并对其开发前景提出展望,为合理开发鹿角资源,提供科学的理论依据。     

乳制品中强化骨骼的功能成分研究进展

人体骨骼增长经过幼儿期、儿童期和青春期,到成人期达到峰值。在成人期前使骨量最大化和中老年时期注意骨骼健康是预防骨质疏松的重要措施。乳制品是维护骨骼健康的重要营养素来源,尤其是专门针对不同人群强化了益于骨骼的生物活性物质的乳制品。本文对应用于乳制品中强化骨骼的生物活性物质进行介绍,并对膳食摄入强化乳制品与中老年骨骼健康的关系进行概述。     

壮骨止痛胶囊调控OSX、OPN蛋白对去势大鼠成骨细胞分化的影响

目的 探究壮骨止痛胶囊含药血清调控成骨相关转录因子抗体（osterix,OSX）、骨桥蛋白（osteopontin,OPN）对去势大鼠成骨细胞分化的机制。方法 50只3月龄雌性大鼠,随机分为空白组、假手术组、模型组、骨松宝组和壮骨止痛胶囊组,10只/组,除空白组及假手术组外,摘除双侧完整卵巢,然后各组分别予以相应干预,获取相应血清;10只新生SD乳鼠提取原代成骨细胞,培养至第三代后添加上述分组相应10%血清,银染及碱性磷酸酶（alkaline phosphatase,ALP）染色鉴定成骨细胞,免疫组化检测OSX、OPN蛋白的表达。结果 各组中的成骨细胞银染呈褐色、碱性磷酸酶染色呈蓝紫色;免疫组化结果表明,骨松宝组、壮骨止痛胶囊组中细胞质呈棕色;空白组和假手术组呈浅棕黄色;模型组几乎不见棕黄色。与假手术组比,模型组OSX、OPN蛋白的表达率降低（P<0.05）;壮骨止痛方及骨松宝干预后OSX、OPN蛋白表达率较模型组显著升高,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 壮骨止痛胶囊组含药血清能促进OSX、OPN蛋白分泌,从而促进成骨细胞增殖、分化,发挥抗绝经后骨质疏松作用。     

依替膦酸钠治疗伴骨质疏松症椎动脉型颈椎病的临床研究

目的：观察依替膦酸钠对伴骨质疏松症的椎动脉型颈椎病的临床疗效。方法：将127例患者随机分为实验组（n=66）和对照组（n=61）．两组分别给予依替膦酸钠和阿法D3治疗,并用双能X线骨密度测量仪及经颅多普勒测量患者的骨密度和椎动脉、基底动脉血流速度。结果：两组治疗后患者的症状积分均较治疗前明显下降（P〈0．01）,且以治疗组更为明显（P〈0．01）。治疗6个月后,治疗组的疗效明显优于对照组（Hc=12．295．P〈0．01）。治疗后．治疗组的骨密度、颈椎矢状径、椎一基底动脉血流速度均有明显升高（P〈0．01）．对照组除C4推体密度无明显变化外,余指标均有明显上升（P〈0．05或0．01）．但以治疗组升高更为显著（P〈0．05或0．01）。结论：依替膦酸钠对伴骨质疏松症的椎动脉型颈椎病有一定的疗效．双能X线骨密度测量仪和经颅多普勒对该病的疗效判定有重要意义。     

Ⅱ型糖尿病骨质疏松与血管钙化的相关性分析

目的分析Ⅱ型糖尿病患者骨质疏松和骨量减少与血管钙化之间的关联性,为早期诊断和预防糖尿病性骨质疏松提供依据．方法按入选标准对59例Ⅱ型糖尿病患者记录临床体征、血液实验室检查结果．采用双能x线吸收法测定腰椎和股骨颈骨密度值,x线摄片记录胸主动脉和髂动脉的血管钙化情况,并对各因素与糖尿病性骨质疏松相关性进行分析．结果腰椎骨量分析可见：骨质疏松6例（10．2％）,骨量减少27例（45．8％）;股骨颈骨量分析可见：骨质疏松7例（11．8％）,骨量减少28例（49％）．髂动脉钙化与腰椎（L1—L4）骨质疏松（P=0．04）和股骨颈骨质疏松（P=0．036）存在显著相关性．结论Ⅱ型糖尿病患者髂动脉钙化与骨质疏松呈正相关,发现动脉钙化可能提示骨质疏松或骨量减少的存在．     

Effects of exercise combined with forsamax on bone mineral density and nerve conduction in ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis rats

AIM: To observe the effects of exercise (EX) and forsamax (FOX) on bone mineral density (BMD) and nerve conduction in ovariectomized rats, and to determine whether exercise can enhance the effects of forsamax on postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP). METHODS: Ninety 6-month-old female SD rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: sham group (18 rats) and ovariectomized group (72 rats). Eight weeks after ovariectomy, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was applied to scan the BMD of the fourth lumbar vertebra. The level of serum estradiol (E₂) was analyzed by ELISA. The living ovariectomized rats were then divided into 4 groups: ovariectomized model group (OVX), fosamax treatment group (OVX+FOX), exercise treatment group (OVX+EX), and exercise combined with fosamax treatment group (OVX+FOX+EX). After treated with fosamax (1 mg/kg intragastrically) and/or exercise for 12 weeks, the BMD of the fourth lumbar vertebra, the motor nerve conduction velocity (MCV), motor distal latency (ML) and compound muscle action potential (CMAP) of the left femoral nerve were detected. The levels of serum type 1 procollagen carboxy-terminal propeptide (PICP) and type I collagen carboxy-terminal cross-linked telopeptide (ICTP) were also analyzed by ELISA. RESULTS: Twelve weeks after FOX and/or EX treatment, ovariectomized rats showed obviously lower BMD, higher PICP and ICTP than those in sham group (P<0.05). FOX or EX significantly increased BMD and reduced PICP induced by ovariectomy (P<0.05). FOX significantly reduced ICTP (P<0.05), but no remarkable difference was observed in OVX+FOX group as compared with OVX group. EX+FOX significantly increased BMD and reduced PICP and ICTP compared with FOX or EX alone (P<0.05). However, no obvious difference was observed between OVX+FOX group and OVX+EX group. No distinct difference in MCV and CMAP among the 5 groups was found. Neither ovariectomy nor FOX significantly affected ML. EX or EX+FOX made ML shorter than that in OVX group (fP<0.05), and ML was remarkably shortened in OVX+FOX+EX group than that in FOX alone group on the left femoral nerve (P<0.05). No significant difference between FOX and EX in the protective effects against ovariectomized rats was observed. CONCLUSION: Exercise and fosamax may restrain bone absorption effect of osteoclast and then improve the bone mineral density in ovariectomized rats.     

伊莎笼养蛋鸡骨代谢的增龄性改变

研究了15、35、58和70周龄伊莎(ISA)笼养蛋鸡骨代谢变化规律.试验结果显示:与15周龄比较,70周龄ISA蛋鸡的碱性磷酸酶(AKP)和抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(StrACP)水平分别下降61.06%和54.38%(P＜0.05);肱骨、胫骨、股骨和龙骨的放射密度分别增加35.23%、34.86%、28.38%和34.86%(P＜0.05);而肱骨、胫骨和股骨的平均皮质骨宽度分别下降11.43%、36.96%和28.75%(P＜0.05),皮质骨面积百分率分别下降13.97%、38.02%和28.53%(P＜0.05).表明:70周龄ISA蛋鸡骨形成减弱,骨吸收增加,已发生显著的骨质疏松症.皮质骨在产蛋周期的持续性重吸收是笼养蛋鸡骨质疏松症的重要成因之一.