低钙或(和)低蛋白饲料对大鼠腰椎的骨计量学研究

目的 :观察并比较低钙、低蛋白饲料和混合低钙低蛋白饲料对大鼠腰椎松质骨的影响。方法 :2 7只 3月龄 SD雄性大鼠 ,随机分成正常对照组、低钙组 (Ca0 .0 1% )、低蛋白组 (Pr8% )和混合组 (Ca0 .0 1% + Pr8% )。实验 90 d时取第 5腰椎行不脱钙骨制片 ,骨组织形态计量学测量。结果 :与对照组比 ,低钙组骨小梁面积百分率 (% Tb.Ar)减少 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,骨吸收增加 ;低蛋白组骨量 (% Tb.Ar)经统计学处理后差异尚未达到显著性 ;混合组骨量比对照组、低蛋白组显著降低 ,骨吸收及骨转换率明显增加。结论 :低钙饲料使大鼠腰椎的骨吸收增加 ,骨量减少 ,出现骨质疏松 ;低蛋白饲料对大鼠腰椎骨丢失无明显影响 ;但混合低钙低蛋白饲料则使骨吸收增加、骨形成率增高 ,导致骨转换增强 ,骨量进一步降低。     

不同疗法对去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松预防作用的比较

目的 比较钙尔奇-D、乙烯雌酚和补肾中药淫羊藿对去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松预防作用的效果,为天然药物治疗妇女绝经后骨质疏松提供理论依据.方法 3月龄SD大鼠40只,随机分为:假手术组(A组)8只;余32只行去除双侧卵巢术,并随机分为去卵巢组(B组)、钙尔奇-D(C组)、乙烯雌酚组(D组)和淫羊藿组(E组),后预防用药8周.用骨组织形态计量方法,测定大鼠胫骨松质骨静态参数和动态参数,观察骨生理生长指标、血清生化指标和器官指数.结果 补肾中药淫羊藿和乙烯雌酚对去卵巢大鼠骨对抗转换率增高和降低骨量丢失作用相当,能防治去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松的发生;而单纯用钙剂上述作用不明显.结论 补肾中药淫羊藿和乙烯雌酚防治去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松症的作用相当,补肾中药可作为天然药物代替雌激素去卵巢后大鼠骨质疏松的发生.     

Effect of Salicornia herbacea on Osteoblastogenesis and Adipogenesis in Vitro

Bone-related complications are among the highest concerning metabolic diseases in the modern world. Bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture increase with age and diseases like osteoporosis. Elevated adipogenesis in bone results in osteoporosis and loss of bone mass when coupled with lack of osteoblastogenesis. In this study the potential effect of Salicornia herbacea extract against osteoporotic conditions was evaluated. Adipogenesis inhibitory effect of S. herbacea has been evidenced by decreased lipid accumulation of differentiating cells and expression levels of crucial adipogenesis markers in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes. S. herbacea treatment reduced the lipid accumulation by 25% of the control. In addition, mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP)α and sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)1c were inhibited by the presence of S. herbacea. Bone formation enhancement effect of S. herbacea was also confirmed in MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts. The presence of S. herbacea significantly elevated the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity by 120% at a concentration of 100 μg/mL in differentiating osteoblasts. S. herbacea also significantly increased the expression of osteoblastogenesis indicators, ALP, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2, osteocalcin and collagen type I (collagen-I). In conclusion, S. herbacea possess potential to be utilized as a source of anti-osteoporotic agent that can inhibit adipogenesis while promoting osteoblastogenesis.     

Extract of Magnoliae Flos inhibits ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis by blocking osteoclastogenesis and reducing osteoclast-mediated bone resorption

Bone homeostasis is maintained by a balance between bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. Osteoporosis occurs when osteoclast activity surpasses osteoblast activity. Pro-inflammatory cytokines stimulate osteoclast differentiation and activity by increasing production of macrophage-colony stimulating factor and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL). In this study, we investigated whether Magnoliae Flos (MF), one of the most commonly used Chinese medicinal herbs for managing rhinitis, sinusitis and headache, could effectively inhibit osteoporosis. In ovariectomized (OVX) mice compared to sham mice, the body weight increased and serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), tartrate resistant acid phosphatase 5b, calcium, and osteocalcin were significantly elevated. However, orally administrated MF extract substantially inhibited the increased body weight and serum levels of bone turnover markers, without any evidence of tissue toxicity. MF extract treatment significantly reversed the morphometric parameters of ovariectomy-induced bone loss, including trabecular bone volume, thickness, number, separation, and bone density, to almost the same levels of the sham mice. Furthermore, MF extract reduced the RANKL-mediated osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption by inhibiting the activities of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and cathepsin K in mouse bone marrow macrophages. MF extract appeared to increase ALP activity in murine osteoblastic cells. Taken together, MF extract may be a beneficial supplement for the blockade of osteoporosis progression, particularly for the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis.     

轻度缺钙对笼养蛋鸡内分泌及骨代谢的影响

选用58周龄新扬州鸡产蛋母鸡300只,随机设计分为2组(对照组、低钙组),每组5个重复,分别饲喂钙水平为3.5%、2.5%的玉米-豆粕型日粮,研究轻度缺钙对老龄蛋鸡骨钙素(BGP)、甲状旁腺素(PTH)、降钙素(CT)、雌二醇(E2)及骨密度(BMD)的影响。结果表明,轻度钙供应不足情况下,骨质疏松逐渐明显,BGP升高,E2、BMD均下降,BGP、E2、BMD变化显著。PTH、CT均呈升高趋势,但变化不显著。结论:轻度缺钙时,老龄蛋鸡骨代谢和雌激素发生了显著变化,但对钙调节激素的影响不显著。     

超细鲜骨粉火腿肠对改善大鼠骨质疏松效果的研究

将50只低钙模型大鼠分为5组，其中3组饲料中添加含15％超细鲜骨粉的火腿肠，饲料钙含量分别为250，500，1000mg.100g^-1，另两组分别为低钙模型组和碳酸钙制对照组，饲料钙含量分别为47．9和500mg.100g^-1。饲喂135d，比较高钙火腿肠和碳酸钙的生物利用率，结果表明，高钙火腿肠组大鼠的骨钙含量，血清骨钙素（BGP）和骨密度（BMD）及胫骨骨小梁数均显高于碳酸钙组（P＜0．01）。说明高钙火腿肠中钙的生物学功能优于碳酸钙制剂，是一种优质钙强化食品。     

低钙性笼养蛋鸡骨质疏松症PTH、CT及E_2的变化

将 1 8 0只 1 9周龄伊莎笼养蛋鸡随机均分为对照 ( A)、低钙 ( B)、低钙 ( C)、低钙 ( D) 4组 ,分别饲喂钙含量为 3.55%、2 .50 %、2 .0 5%、1 .2 7%的日粮 ,定期用放射免疫分析法检测血清甲状旁腺素 ( PTH)、血清降钙素 ( CT)和血清雌二醇 ( E2 )。结果显示 ,日粮钙含量越低的组 ,骨质疏松越明显 ,其 PTH和 CT上升越明显 ,而 E2 下降越明显。结论 :低钙性骨质疏松症蛋鸡的雌激素和钙调节激素发生了明显的变化     

The sheep as a model for osteoporosis in humans

There is great interest in large animal models for studying different aspects of osteoporosis. Several laboratories around the world have used ovariectomized sheep as a model because of their ease of housing and handling, low expense compared to other large animals, availability and acceptance in society as a research animal. They have been used to study the response to new therapies for post-menopausal osteoporosis, low-magnitude mechanical stimulation, orthopedic implants in osteoporotic bone and bioactive ceramics to strengthen vertebral bodies. To produce severely osteopenic bone comparable to that seen in humans, a combination of estrogen deficiency following ovariectomy plus a calcium-wasting diet is currently being investigated.     

虎潜丸加减方治疗肾阴虚型原发性骨质疏松症骨性疼痛的疗效观察

目的 观察虎潜丸加减方对肾阴虚型原发性骨质疏松症的止痛效果。方法 将肾阴虚型原发性骨质疏松症患者136例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组66例和观察组70例。对照组予常规西医治疗,观察组在对照组基础上给予虎潜丸加减方,2组疗程均为3个月。用视觉模拟评分法与MgGee疼痛标尺法评估两组患者治疗前后的疼痛评分,并比较两组患者骨质疏松症症状评分、骨密度变化及不良反应发生情况。结果 观察组治疗后视觉模拟评分法与MgGee疼痛标尺法的评分均显著低于对照组（P<0.05）,骨质疏松症各项临床症状评分均较对照组下降明显（P<0.05）;治疗后两组患者骨密度测值均无明显变化（P>0.05）,且两组患者均未出现严重药物不良反应。结论 虎潜丸加减方可改善肾阴虚型原发性骨质疏松症患者各项临床症状,抑制骨性疼痛,且可维持患者骨量,无明显不良反应,值得临床推广。     

Deep-Sea Coral Garden Invertebrates and Their Associated Fungi Are Genetic Resources for Chronic Disease Drug Discovery

Chronic diseases characterized by bone and cartilage loss are associated with a reduced ability of progenitor cells to regenerate new tissues in an inflammatory environment. A promising strategy to treat such diseases is based on tissue repair mediated by human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), but therapeutic outcomes are hindered by the absence of small molecules to efficiently modulate cell behaviour. Here, we applied a high-throughput drug screening technology to bioprospect a large library of extracts from Irish deep-sea organisms to induce hMSC differentiation toward musculoskeletal lineages and reduce inflammation of activated macrophages. The library included extracts from deep-sea corals, sponges and filamentous fungi representing a novel source of compounds for the targeted bioactivity. A validated hit rate of 3.4% was recorded from the invertebrate library, with cold water sea pens (octocoral order Pennatulacea), such as Kophobelemnon sp. and Anthoptilum sp., showing the most promising results in influencing stem cell differentiation toward osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages. Extracts obtained from deep-sea fungi showed no effects on stem cell differentiation, but a 6.8% hit rate in reducing the inflammation of activated macrophages. Our results demonstrate the potential of deep-sea organisms to synthetize pro-differentiation and immunomodulatory compounds that may represent potential drug development candidates to treat chronic musculoskeletal diseases.