禽致病性大肠杆菌pilA基因的克隆及其在乳酸菌中的表达

根据GenBank中禽致病性大肠杆菌pilA基因序列设计合成1对引物,以本实验室分离的禽致病性大肠杆菌基因组DNA为模板,采用PCR技术扩增得到pilA基因片段,经测序鉴定准确后将其克隆到乳酸乳球菌表达载体pMG36e中,构建重组质粒并将其电转入乳酸乳球菌MG1363,得到重组乳酸乳球菌。SDS-PAGE分析显示,表达的蛋白约为19 ku,与预期相符。Western blot进一步证实了该蛋白的免疫反应性。     

两段牛乳铁蛋白肽基因在乳酸乳球菌中的共表达

根据乳酸乳球菌密码子的偏嗜性,优化设计并合成牛乳铁蛋白肽的两段基因序列LFcinB和LFampin,将其与乳酸乳球菌表达载体pAMJ399分别用SalⅠ和BglⅡ双酶切后进行连接,并电转化至乳酸乳球菌MG1363中,经酶切鉴定表明获得带有两段牛乳铁蛋白肽基因的重组乳酸乳球菌pAMJ399-LFcinBA/MG1363。结果表明,优化表达条件,在GM17培养基中添加3.8%的β-甘油磷酸二钠可以获得表达重组蛋白的适宜pH,West-ern-blot检测可见重组蛋白大小约13 ku,表明牛乳铁蛋白肽在重组乳酸乳球菌中获得了表达。     

乳酸乳球菌质粒提取方法的改进与优化

[目的]建立一种简便、快速、安全的乳酸乳球菌质粒提取方法.[方法]质粒提取采用文献报道的乳酸菌质粒提取与常用的大肠杆菌质粒提取相结合的方法,并对提取过程中溶菌酶浓度、溶菌酶处理方式和时间进行优化.[结果]采用改良后的方法提取乳酸菌质粒效果显著.最佳溶菌酶浓度是10 mg/mL,最佳溶菌酶处理方式和时间是37℃振荡培养30 min.[结论]该方法避免了毒性物质溴化乙锭的使用,同时减少了通常提取乳酸菌质粒的复杂步骤,是一种高效、快速、安全的提取乳酸菌质粒的方法.     

厌氧除磷菌的富集及功能菌组成研究

[目的]富集厌氧除磷菌,并对功能菌的组成进行研究。[方法]利用厌氧连续流反应器,以养殖场新鲜鸡粪为种泥,控制和保持反应器内ORP为-337～-230 mV,pH 6～7,温度30～35℃,富集厌氧除磷功能菌。跟踪监测反应器进出水的总磷（TP）、磷酸盐（PO43--P）和氨氮（NH2-N）去除率。当TP的去除率达到60.89%时,取样进行PCR-DGGE分析,用MEGA 4.0软件构建系统进化树。[结果]鸡粪在反应器中连续培养140 d后,TP的去除率平均达到39.86%,大大高于文献报道的24.19%,PO43--P去除率平均达到40.82%,NH3-N的去除率平均达到34.39%;NH3-N与TP的去除率之间存在一定的相关性,厌氧条件下可达到同时脱氮（去除氨氮）除磷（还原磷酸生成磷化氢）的效果;通过对样品的PCR-DGGE分析和进化树分析,获得一种具发酵功能的乳球菌属（Lactoccus）和一种具有发酵、固氮和厌氧除磷功能的梭菌属（Clostridium）。[结论]该研究可为厌氧除磷机理提供理论依据。     

Studies on the inactivation of selected viral and bacterial fish pathogens at high pH for waste disposal purposes

This study investigated the use of alkaline hydrolysis at ambient temperature for inactivation of selected fish pathogens in fish tissues under conditions approximating those that are likely to be found in the aquaculture industry. Infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) and Lactococcus garvieae have been determined in a previous study to be the most resistant virus and bacteria to pH 12 from a wide range of viruses and bacteria tested. They were spiked at high titres into fish extracts that were then treated with 1 m sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Viable L. garvieae was not detected in the treated fish extract after 1 h, and ISAV was not detected after 24‐h exposure. Field mortalities of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., caused by infectious pancreatic necrosis virus were treated by alkaline hydrolysis at ambient temperature. The macerated fish mortalities contained a high titre of virus (3.38 × 10⁸ TCID₅₀ g^?1) that was reduced to approximately 2.2 × 10³ TCID₅₀ g^?1 after 24‐h exposure to NaOH, and virus was not detected after exposure for 48 h. The results suggest that alkaline hydrolysis at ambient temperature has potential as a biosecure treatment method for fish by‐products containing fish pathogens.     

PEDV ps420片段乳酸乳球菌表达及免疫中和活性检测

将猪流行性腹泻病毒LJB/03株S基因上编码中ps420(1 495～1 916 bp)基因片段插入乳酸乳球菌pNZ8112中,构建了重组表达载体pNZ8112-ps420,将其电转化入乳酸乳球菌Lactococcus lactis NZ9000,获得了表达猪流行性腹泻病毒S基因ps420的重组乳酸乳球菌,经乳链菌肽(...     

Multiple dietary administrating strategies of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) on enhancing the immune responses and disease resistance of giant freshwater prawn,Macrobrachium rosenbergii

The different products of Eichhornia crassipes leaves including dried E. crassipes powder (DEP), hot‐water treated E. crassipe (HTE), hot‐water extract of E. crassipe (ECE) and dreg of hot‐water extract of E. crassipe extract (dECE) were produced and incorporated into the diet of the prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, as an immunostimulant. Results showed that prawn fed the HTE‐, ECE‐ and dECE‐containing diets for 4 months had increased total haemocyte count, different haemocyte count, phenoloxidase activity, respiratory bursts, superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione peroxidase activity especially in HTE and ECE treatments. The phagocytic activity and clearance efficiency against Lactococcus garvieae of prawn fed the HTE‐ and ECE‐containing diets were significantly higher than those of prawn fed the control diet at 2–4 months. The relative percentage survival of prawn fed the DEP‐, HTE‐, ECE‐ and dECE‐containing diets for 4 months following 144 h challenging with L. garvieae were 19.0%, 38.1%, 38.1% and 33.3%. It was concluded that E. crassipes leaves containing an active component which was easily extracted by hot water can enhance innate immunity and resistance against pathogen of M. rosenbergii by dietary long‐term administration, and the administration of HTE in the diet was the best strategy due to the availability and convenience.     

嗜水气单胞菌外膜蛋白(OMP)在乳酸乳球菌中的表达及其对BALB/c小鼠的免疫保护效果

乳酸球菌(Lactococcus lactis)是一种安全级微生物,为活载体疫苗传递抗原的理想选择.嗜水气单胞菌(A eromonas hydrophila,Ah)能引起鱼类等多种动物的败血病,因其血清型众多,寻找共同保护性抗原是进行疫苗研究的重点.为探究嗜水气单胞菌AS1.927株外膜蛋白(OMP)在乳酸乳球菌中的表达和检测其表达产物对小鼠的免疫保护效果,本研究将己克隆的ompA基因经BamH Ⅰ和Xba Ⅰ双酶切后连接载体pNZ8048,转化乳酸乳球菌NZ9000,nisin诱导表达,并进行SDS-PAGE分析鉴定.结果显示,重组基因工程菌L.lactis[pNZ-ompA]表达的融合蛋白分子量约为36.2 kD,成熟蛋白分子量约为33.7 kD.将重组基因工程菌L.lac tis [pNZ-ompA]口服免疫BALB/c小鼠(Mus musculus),用放射免疫法检测末次免疫一周后的各组小鼠肠粘膜分泌型免疫球蛋白A(sIgA)的水平以及用间接ELISA法检测小鼠血清特异性抗体IgG,结果发现,该重组基因工程菌能显著提高sIgA的分泌(P＜0.05);同时在小鼠血清中的特异性抗体含量也显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).末次免疫两周后用100 LD50的Ah AS 1.927(3.3×105 cfu/mL)腹腔注射攻击小鼠,口服重组菌对小鼠的相对免疫保护力(relative percent survival,RPS)为87.5％,表明重组基因工程菌可诱导小鼠对AhAS1.927产生一定的免疫保护作用.该结果将为开发安全有效的口服基因工程鱼用疫苗提供一定的实验基础.     

猪链球菌噬菌体SMP裂解酶在乳酸乳球菌中的表达及活性研究

猪链球菌（Streptococcus suis,SS）烈性噬菌体SMP的宿主谱窄,制约了其临床应用潜力。研究发现,由噬菌体编码的裂解酶（LySMP）可有效拓宽其裂解谱。本研究以SMP基因组DNA为模板,扩增获得SMP裂解酶基因,将其克隆至质粒pNZ8148中,电转化乳酸乳球菌NZ9000,获得重组乳酸乳球菌NZ9000（pNZ8148-LySMP）,经Nisin诱导可表达LySMP。浊度递减实验结果显示,所表达的LySMP对7株猪链球菌2型菌株和猪链球菌9型菌株有较高的裂解活性,浊度下降可达30%~77%。表明利用NICE表达系统及pNZ8148表达载体在乳酸乳球菌中可实现猪链球菌噬菌体裂解酶的活性表达,为开展LySMP的应用研究提供了可能。     

Effect of oregano (Origanum onites L.) essential oil on growth,lysozyme and antioxidant activity and resistance against Lactococcus garvieae in rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different levels of Origanum onites L. essential oil as feed additives on the growth performance, antioxidant activity and disease resistance of rainbow trout. Fish (26.05 ± 0.15 g) were fed the experimental diets supplemented with four different concentrations (0.125, 1.5, 2.5 and 3.0 mL kg^?1) of O. onites essential oil for 90 days. Fish fed diets containing essential oil of O. onites had significantly higher final weight than the control group. Feed conversion ratio in fish fed diets containing 1.5 and 3.0 mL kg^?1 essential oil of O. onites was improved than other treatments (P < 0.05). The lowest feed conversion efficiency ratio was recorded in the 0.125 mL kg^?1 group of O. onites. Antioxidant status of fish was assayed for levels of plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD) and plasma catalase (CAT) activity. Lysozyme activity in plasma was significantly higher in fish fed diet containing 3.0 mL kg^?1 essential oil of O. onites (P < 0.05). After 8 weeks of feeding, fish were challenged with Lactococcus garvieae and cumulative mortality was recorded over 15 days. Dietary administration of 0.125, 1.5 and 2.5 mL kg^?1 O. onites significantly reduced fish mortality (P < 0.05). The 3.0 mL kg^?1 diet showed no mortality after challenged with L. garvieae. These results suggested that the essential oil of O. onites could be applied as growth promoter and also improved disease resistance when added to rainbow trout feed.