利用Red重组系统敲除APEC毒力岛irp2基因

应用质粒pKD46介导的Red同源重组系统,以质粒pKD3为模板,设计irp2基因序列敲除引物,引物5'端有51 bp的拟敲除基因的同源臂,3 '端为扩增引物,扩增两侧含FRT位点的氯霉素抗性基因,通过第1次同源重组将拟敲除的irp2基因替换为氯霉素抗性基因,再通过重组酶质粒pCP20在FRT位点发生第2次同源重组,消除抗性基因.结果表明,利用该重组系统成功敲除了禽致病性大肠杆菌HPI毒力岛irp2基因.为深入研究irp2基因在禽致病性大肠杆菌致病过程中所发挥的作用打下基础.     

冰岛硫化叶菌xpb基因缺失突变体的构建及遗传学分析

为在体内研究古菌核苷酸切除修复(nucleotide excision repair,NER)机制,利用基因敲除的方法,对泉古菌核苷酸切除修复机制进行研究,构建了冰岛硫化叶菌编码真核生物NER解旋酶XPB同源蛋白的基因xpb1和xpb2单缺失突变体,从而在体内分析xpb1和xpb2基因的功能。结果表明:基因xpb1或xpb2不是冰岛硫化叶菌存活的必需基因。表型分析发现,xpb1和xpb2基因单缺失突变体相较野生型菌株REY15A,对DNA损伤试剂4-NQO 4-硝基喹啉-1-氧化物(4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide,4-NQO)分别表现出轻微敏感性和不敏感性,暗示NER解旋酶功能在冰岛硫化叶菌体内存在多重冗余。     

猪接种PRRSV Nsp2Δ1882-2241弱毒株后血清细胞因子的变化特征

为了解Nsp2Δ1882-2241缺失后弱化的高致病性PRRSV（TJM株）对宿主免疫学应答的刺激机理,本研究分析了免疫猪血清中的细胞因子及变化规律。将14头4周龄易感仔猪随机分为3组：第1组接种PRRSV TJM-F92株,为免疫组;第2组接种高致病性PRRSV TJ-F5毒株,为攻毒组;第3组不接种疫苗及病毒,为对照组。接种后28d,用TJ-F5毒株攻击试验猪,于不同时间点采集血样,用ELISA法测定血清中的PRRSV抗体、IL-2、IL-10、IL-12p40、TNF-α、IFN-α和IFN-β水平。结果显示：（1）与对照组和攻毒组相比,免疫组猪IL-12p40水平持续上调,于免疫后28d受PRRSV强毒攻击后,其水平开始缓慢降低,但仍高于攻毒后的对照组。（2）免疫组IL-2水平在接种疫苗后的前21d内无明显升高且低于攻毒组,在受到强毒攻击后其IL-2水平却有明显升高。（3）免疫组IL-10水平与对照组无明显差别,并在免疫14d后一直显著低于攻毒组（P〈0.01）。（4）免疫组接种疫苗后的前21d内,TNF-α水平保持稳定,28d明显上调。攻毒组TNF-α水平0～28d一直低于对照组,且在21d达到最低（P〈0.01）。免疫组在28d受强毒攻击后,其TNF-α水平下降且在攻毒7d时最为明显（P〈0.01）,此后恢复到正常水平。（5）免疫组免疫后28d时IFN-α水平升高,在受到强毒攻击后再次显著降低（P〈0.01）。免疫组IFN-β水平一直低于对照组和攻毒组,不因强毒攻击而变化。以上结果提示,IL-12上调在PRRSV免疫保护中起明显作用;另外,上调TNF-α及下调IL-10都是基因缺失疫苗发挥效力的潜在机制。     

自交衰退新解

本文在综合基因组学、系统生物学、现代分子生物学最新发展的基础上,提出了遗传物质缺失致使自交衰退新假说。遗传物质缺失致使自交衰退假说认为：由于同源染色体遗传物质存在差异,存在差异的遗传物质在自交后有不存在于自交子代的可能,从而造成自交子代相对于亲本的遗传物质缺失,致使自交子代衰退。本文通过一个实例论证这一假说,并运用这一假说解释三个遗传学现象。最后,比较隐性有害基因纯合致使自交衰退和多基因平衡破坏致使自交衰退学说的错误,并从遗传物质缺失致使自交衰退的角度解析了杂种优势。     

Assessment of the ideal ratios of digestible essential amino acids for pacu,Piaractus mesopotamicus,juveniles by the amino acid deletion method

The present study aimed to determine the ideal ratios of digestible essential amino acids (EAAs) for pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) juveniles by the amino acid (AA) deletion method. A completely randomized design which consisted of 11 treatments and three replicates each was used. The treatments included a control diet (CD) containing 55% of nonpurified natural ingredients and 45% of purified synthetic amino acids and ingredients, and other ten isonitrogenous and isoenergetic EAA limiting diets (LDs), each being deficient in 44.4 ± 0.02% of the respective EAA. Pacu juveniles with initial average body weight of 6.22 ± 0.09 g were distributed among 33 fiber glass tanks. Fish were fed with semipurified and extruded diets for 113 days two times a day until apparent satiation. The ideal ratio of each dietary EAA was calculated on the basis of the relationship between body N retention and amount of EAA deleted from the respective EAA LD. Based on the AA deletion method, the ideal ratios of digestible EAAs for pacu juveniles, relative to lysine requirement of 100% were estimated as: methionine 14.6%, threonine 35.0%, tryptophan 6.6%, arginine 62.8%, histidine 13.6%, isoleucine 26.3%, leucine 43.7%, phenylalanine 27.2%, and valine 35.8%.     

利用信息肽诱导和Cre/LoxP系统构建猪链球菌基因缺失株

为建立一种高效的猪链球菌(Streptococcus suis)基因缺失方法,本研究利用信息肽诱导DNA片段转化和Cre/LoxP系统去除抗性基因这两种技术,通过在S.suis 05ZYH33的ssu05_1921基因上、下游片段和壮观霉素抗性基因(spc)片段之间引入LoxP位点,采用信息肽GE9诱导构建的DNA片段转化S.suis并发生重组,经抗性筛选快速获得spc替代ssu05_1921基因的缺失株;进一步引入pSET6s/P_tufA-cre质粒表达Cre重组酶作用于LoxP位点,去除spc基因,产生无痕ssu05_1921基因缺失株,经测序和RT-PCR验证缺失正确。本研究建立的该方法简单、快捷、阳性率高,为构建S.suis基因缺失株、研究S.suis致病机制提供了新的选择。     

Effect of the β‐carotene oxygenase 2 genotype on the content of carotenoids,retinol and α‐tocopherol in the liver,fat and milk of rabbit does,reproduction parameters and kitten growth

Mutations in the β‐carotene oxygenase 2 (BCO2) gene can impair the function of the enzyme that breaks down carotenoids. As a result, gradual accumulation of unoxidized carotenoids in animal tissues gives them a yellow colour. The aim of the study was to determine the content of carotenoids, retinol and α‐tocopherol in the liver, fat and milk of rabbit does with three different genotypes determined by AAT‐deletion mutation at codon 248 of the BCO2 gene and to find out whether differences in the concentrations of the above compounds in the tissues and milk of the does affect reproduction parameters and the rearing rate of kittens. The experimental materials comprised 36 does, 12 of each genotype of the BCO2 gene, with their litters. Females with their litters were placed in individual cages, on deep litter. Between days 7 and 13 of lactation, samples of milk were collected from the does. The kittens stayed with their mothers until 35 days of age. After weaning, the does were sacrificed. Tissue samples of liver and perirenal fat were collected for chemical analyses. Additionally, based on samples taken from one female, RNA expression levels were determined from the mammary gland and liver, adipose tissue and skin. It was found that homozygous does with deletion at codon 248 of the BCO2 gene were characterized by considerably higher concentrations of xanthophylls and beta‐carotene in the liver, adipose tissue and milk than does with the remaining genotypes. However, the differences in the content of the above compounds in milk had no influence on litter weight or the number and rearing rate of kittens. Additionally, RNA expression of the BCO2 gene was found in the mammary tissue of lactating doe and its level was similar to those noted in the liver and adipose tissue.     

尖孢镰刀菌番茄专化型中SNARE蛋白FolSso1的功能分析

 SNARE(Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor)蛋白保守存在于丝状真菌中,在膜泡转运的过程中起着关键的作用。番茄枯萎病是由尖孢镰刀菌番茄专化型(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici,Fol)引起的,严重威胁着番茄的生产。我们使用反向遗传学的方法来研究番茄枯萎病菌中SNARE蛋白FolSso1的功能,实验结果发现FolSSO1的基因缺失突变体菌丝生长速率降低,且产孢数量减少。另外,FolSSO1基因的缺失导致突变体相较于野生型菌株对细胞壁压力与细胞膜压力更加敏感。然后,在番茄果实和番茄植株的致病性实验中,我们发现FolSSO1的缺失并没有引起Fol致病性显著的变化。综上所述,本研究发现FolSSO1可以调控Fol营养生长,繁殖和对环境压力的响应过程,然而对Fol的致病过程并没有显著的调控作用。