仔猪小肠上皮细胞刷状缘膜囊制备方法的研究

采用CaCl2 和MgCl2 两种沉淀法制备了断奶仔猪小肠上皮细胞刷状缘膜囊 (BBMV) ,并通过测定BBMV制备过程中的细胞膜或细胞器标志酶酶活、核糖核酸和脱氧核糖核酸含量等指标对所制备的BBMV的纯度进行了评价。结果表明采用MgCl2 沉淀方法制备的断奶仔猪小肠BBMV纯度优于CaCl2 沉淀法。     

陕西仔猪致病性大肠杆菌的分离鉴定和耐药性测定

从陕西十县市24个大小猪场(户)腹泻仔猪病例采集186份病料中,分离并鉴定出68株致病性大肠杆菌,通过14种大肠杆菌O抗原单因子血清鉴定,证明有13种血清型(尚有1株未定型)存在,其中以O139,O101、O149,O141,O60为优势血清型,占定型菌株的71.6%。选用16种常用抗生素对32株地方代表菌株做耐药性试验:结果表明对丁胺卡那霉素、诺氟沙星、新霉素高敏,林可霉素、头孢唑啉和麦地霉素等中敏,氧氟沙星、先锋霉素和链霉素等药物产生耐药;同时从高、中敏区向中敏区和低敏区过渡的趋势明显。这一结果为该省做到有效防治提供了依据。     

中链脂肪酸在仔猪营养中的生理功能研究进展

中链脂肪酸(MCFAs)由含有单羧酸的脂肪酸组成,6~12个碳原子不等,包括己酸(C6)、辛酸(C8)、癸酸(C10)和月桂酸(C12)。MCFAs可以通过胃黏膜被吸收,中链脂肪酸甘油三酯(MCTs)可以被完整地吸收进入肠上皮细胞,然后被微粒体脂肪酶水解。MCFAs是一种很容易获得的能量来源,不仅能够改善肠上皮黏膜结构,还因其能够穿透细菌的半透膜并破坏细胞内部结构而具有很强的抗菌活性。因此,MCFAs可以作为断奶仔猪饲料的良好补充剂,提高仔猪的生长性能,是一种潜在的饲料抗生素替代品。本文将从MCFAs对仔猪生长性能、肠道微生物平衡、肠道发育及免疫调节作用进行综述,为MCFAs在养猪业中的科学应用提供参考。     

一种新型伤口处理剂对仔猪去势伤口处理的效果实证

在猪场中,正确的伤口处理对于伤口的恢复具有重要的意义。为了研究新型伤口处理剂对仔猪去势伤口的效果,特选取5～7日龄533头公仔猪,分为两组。试验组利用常规碘酊消毒去势后喷洒新型伤口处理剂,对照组则按常规操作单纯碘酊消毒。而后分别记录每天伤口恢复情况以及去势后15 d内表现关节肿的去势公仔猪比例。结果表明:新型伤口处理剂可以减少伤口出血,促进去势伤口的愈合,减少细菌通过伤口感染猪只的几率。     

蛋氨酸锌对仔猪生产性能的影响

试验选用健康杂交仔猪(杜×长×大)96头,随机分为4个处理组,每个处理组3个重复,每个重复8头仔猪,其中处理组1为对照组。试验在玉米-豆粕型基础日粮中分别添加蛋氨酸锌来源锌40、300、350、400mg/kg,结果表明:蛋氨酸锌来源锌300、350、400mg/kg对断奶仔猪日增重、日采食量、料肉比、腹泻的控制、血浆锌含量较40mg/kg均有显著影响(P<0.05);蛋氨酸锌来源锌350mg/kg水平为仔猪断奶后10日内较佳添加量。     

复方中药制剂防制仔猪早期断奶应激综合症的研究

本试验旨在研究复方中药制剂防制仔猪早期断奶应激综合症的效果。 6窝 2 1日龄仔猪 48头 ,随机分成 2组 ,每组 2 4头 ,每窝 4头。I组仔猪 2 1日龄时口服 2 0ml中药制剂 ,II组仔猪口服 2 0ml冷开水 ,每天 1次 ,连服 7d。所有试验仔猪均于 2 4日龄时断奶。结果表明 ,该中药制剂能促进断奶仔猪生长 ,降低腹泻率 ,提高PHAT -淋巴细胞转化率及白细胞吞噬功能 ,可有效地防制仔猪早期断奶应激综合症     

固肠促长散对实验性脾虚仔猪实质器官的组织学影响（英文）

[目的]观察固肠促长散对脾虚仔猪腹泻各实质器官的修复情况。[方法]选取12头健康仔猪为试验组,对其颈部肌肉注射利血平注射液0.5 ml,每天1次,连用10 d。之后将试验仔猪平均分为2组。对固肠促长散组的6头仔猪,将6 g药物用20 ml开水冲泡后,灌服,每天1次,连续灌服7 d;对脾虚对照组的6头仔猪,每天灌注生理盐水20 ml,连续7d。于停药后的第2和第8天,各组分别取3头猪,后颈动脉放血处死。分别制作心脏、肝脏、肾脏、肺脏的石蜡切片并染色,观察各实质器官的组织学变化。[结果]用固肠促长散治疗的腹泻脾虚仔猪,各实质器官的组织学结构修复接近正常。[结论]固肠促长散在仔猪腹泻上起到了较好的治疗作用。     

Variation in Vitamin E,Glutathione Peroxidase and Retinol Concentrations in Blood Plasma of Primiparous Sows and their Piglets,and in Vitamin E,Selenium and Retinol Contents in Sows' Milk

The concentrations of vitamin E, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and retinol were analysed in blood plasma of six primiparous sows during gestation and lactation and in their suckling piglets, and the concentrations of vitamin E, selenium and retinol were analysed in colostrum and in sows' milk. During late gestation the concentrations of vitamin E and retinol in blood plasma increased slowly while no changes were found for GSH-Px. This was followed by a large decline on the day of farrowing, when the lowest mean values of 1.07 mg, 0.15 mg and 2879 U per litre (l) of blood plasma, respectively, were recorded. During lactation the concentrations of vitamin E, GSH-Px and retinol in blood plasma of the sows increased to levels observed during late gestation. The highest mean concentrations of vitamin E (17.9 mg kg- 1 ), selenium (200 w g l- 1 ) and retinol (2.45 mg kg- 1 ) were found in colostrum, but with a large variation between sows. One week postpartum the concentrations of vitamin E, selenium and retinol in sow milk had decreased, on average by 86, 68 and 71%, respectively, after which only small changes occurred. Mean concentrations of vitamin E (1.77 mg l- 1 ), GSH-Px (682 U l- 1 ) and retinol (0.07 mg l- 1 ) were low in the blood plasma of the piglets at birth, but a large increase was observed on the next sampling occasion at the age of 3 days (vitamin E: 5.31 mg l- 1 ; GSH-Px: 996 U l- 1 ; retinol: 0.19 mg l- 1 ). The mean concentration of vitamin E in blood plasma of the piglets declined thereafter until the age of 6 weeks (1.04 mg l- 1 ), when there was a small increase, while the mean concentrations of GSH-Px and retinol continued to increase during the suckling period. A high correlation was found between the concentration of vitamin E in blood plasma and sidefat thickness of the sows (r = 0.94), and between the concentration of vitamin E in colostrum and vitamin E in blood plasma of the sows on the day of farrowing (r =0.77). High correlations were also found between the concentration of vitamin E in the blood plasma of the piglets at 3 days and 5 weeks of age and the concentration of vitamin E in colostrum (r = 0.78) and (r =0.89), respectively. The results indicate that vitamin E storage in the adipose tissues of the sow has a great influence on the supply of vitamin E via colostrum and milk to the piglet.     

Effectiveness of maifanite in reducing the detrimental effects of aflatoxin B1 on hematology,aflatoxin B1 residues,and antioxidant enzymes activities of weanling piglets

A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of maifanite, which is mainly composed of aluminosilicate, in reducing the adverse effects of aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) on hematology, AFB₁ residues, and antioxidant enzymes activities in weaning piglets. A total of 32 (9.28±0.17 kg BW) individually housed crossbred piglets (Duroc×Landrace×Large white) were randomly allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments in a 2×2 factorial arrangement with 8 replicates per treatment. The dietary treatments included 2 AFB₁ levels (5.3 and 372.8 μg/kg) and 2 maifanite levels (0% and 1%). No differences in average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and gain to feed ratio were observed among treatments. Ingestion of the AFB₁-contaminated (AF) diets (372.8 μg/kg of AFB₁) reduced (P<0.05) the numbers of neutrophil, monocyte, and total leukocyte. There were no effects of AFB₁ on gamma glutamyltransferase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase activities, and total protein, albumin, urea N, total bilirubin, IgG, IgA, and IgM concentrations in serum. Aflatoxin B₁ was found in the liver and kidney of piglets fed the AF diets. Piglets fed the AF diets reduced (P<0.05) the total superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase activities in serum. However, total superoxide dismutase activity in the liver was increased (P<0.05) in piglets fed the AF diets compared with those fed the basal diets (5.3 μg/kg of AFB₁). There was an interaction (P=0.003) in erythrocyte, but piglets fed the diets containing maifanite had greater erythrocyte and lymphocyte (P=0.035) numbers than those fed the diets without maifanite. The AFB₁ levels in the liver and kidney of piglets fed the AF diet containing maifanite were 29.6% and 41.2% lower, respectively, than those of piglets fed the AF diet alone. Although there was an interaction (P=0.011), piglets fed the diets containing AFB₁ and maifanite had greater serum T-SOD activity compared with those fed the diets with no maifanite. In conclusion, the addition of maifanite to the AF diet resulted in partial restoration of hematology and antioxidant enzymes activities and reduced AFB₁ levels in the liver and kidney.     

女贞子多糖对仔猪抗氧化及MAPK通路的影响

为了研究女贞子多糖对人工感染大肠杆菌K88仔猪氧化应激的保护作用,将实验猪分为四组:对照组、模型组、女贞子多糖组和女贞子多糖饲喂后攻毒组。试验运用血清生化、ELISA和RT-PCR等技术,通过检测血清和肝肾组织的抗氧化酶和氧化产物,仔猪肝脏氧化应激相关基因转录水平和MAPK信号关键蛋白的转录,评价女贞子多糖的抗氧化机制。结果显示,女贞子多糖可以显著降低由大肠杆菌引起的仔猪血清MDA含量的升高,调节肝肾组织中MDA和SOD的水平;女贞子多糖可以提高仔猪肝脏中CAT和CuZnSOD的mRNA转录水平;正常情况下,女贞子多糖对仔猪肝脏TNF-α的mRNA转录表达无影响,但可以降低大肠杆菌攻毒后的转录水平;女贞子多糖抑制MAPK通路主要依靠调控ERK1起作用。结果表明,女贞子多糖可以通过调节肝脏抗氧化指标保护大肠杆菌引起的仔猪氧化应激反应,其作用分子机制可能与下调MAPK相关信号转录水平有关。