Lower grinding intensity of cereals for dietetic effects in piglets?

The grinding intensity of cereals as ingredients of pelleted diets has various effects on pigs' health and performance. Feeding a coarsely ground diet (62.2% of particles > 1 mm; 10% < 0.4 mm) to piglets resulted in significantly higher starch contents in the hindgut chyme and increased counts of gram positive bacteria, but had no significant effect on dry matter (DM) digestibility. The combination of coarse grinding and addition of 1.2% potassium diformate (pdf) to the diet led to interesting effects in piglets infected experimentally with Salmonella Derby (single oral dose of 4.4 × 10¹⁰ cfu per piglet). In spite of the same infectious dosage in all piglets a marked reduction of Salmonella counts was found in chyme of piglets (sacrificed 4–6 h after experimental infection) when the coarsely ground diet including pdf was fed. It seems that coarse grinding of ingredients could have numerous dietetic advantages: reducing risks of Salmonella infection (faster elimination) as well as praebiotic effects in the hindgut by favouring gram positive bacteria like lactobacilli or gram positive cocci. Therefore, grinding intensity is worth to be reconsidered.     

安普霉素对仔猪肠道微生物及肠壁组织结构的影响

采用单因子试验设计,72头28日龄大长北三元杂交断奶仔猪随机分为3组,以研究饲料中添加不同剂量的安普霉素(0、20、90mg/kg)对仔猪肠道中大肠杆菌、双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌的增殖及其肠壁组织结构的影响。试验期为4周。研究结果表明:(1)90mg/kg安普霉素能明显降低仔猪腹泻发生率,对仔猪具有显著促生长作用,可提高断奶后0～4周内仔猪日增重19 1%～24 6%(P<0 05)、改善饲料转化率7 7%～8 5%(P<0 05),并可提高日采食量8 4%～13 1%。尤其在试验前期(断奶后0～2周)作用更明显。(2)饲料中添加90mg/kg安普霉素对断奶后0～2周、3～4周仔猪肠道(空肠、盲肠和结肠)中大肠杆菌的增殖均有明显抑制作用(P<0 05),可分别降低10 7%～18 1%、9 1%～14 0%,且前期的作用效果更明显;同时,也可显著降低0～2周空肠内乳酸杆菌的数量(P<0 05),一定程度上抑制空肠内双歧杆菌的增殖,减弱空肠内微生物的代谢活动,显著降低仔猪空肠内乙酸、丁酸和总挥发性脂肪酸的产生量(P<0 05),从而可减少与机体竞争营养、降低肠内有害代谢物水平。(3)在仔猪日粮中添加90mg/kg的安普霉素可显著减轻小肠相对重量17 7%(P<0 05)、缩短小肠相对长度13 7%(P<0 05),并使小肠绒毛排列规则、高度增加(P<0 05),绒毛高度/隐窝深度的比值增大,说明安普霉素对仔猪具     

母猪饲粮中添加蛋氨酸铁螯合物对预防仔猪贫血的影响

本试验研究了妊娠母猪饲粮中添加蛋氨酸铁螯合物对仔猪血液生化指标、生长速度和预防仔猪贫血的影响。试验结果表明在母猪妊娠第９３天至哺乳２１天饲粮中添加６０ｍｇ／ｋｇ蛋氨酸铁螯合物,仔猪初生时不注射铁剂组的血红蛋白浓度较对照组仔猪提高１５．６７Ａ％（１０．７８：９．３２ｇ／１００ｍｌ）,但差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）：７、２１日龄的血红蛋白浓度为１０ｇ／１００ｍｌ左右,铁营养处于适宜水平。试验组仔猪初生时的红细胞含量显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）,但７、２１日龄时则低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．ｏ１,Ｐ＜０．０５）;仔猪的初生重、日增重和３５日龄断奶窝重与对照组相似（Ｐ＞０．０５）。仔猪血液生化指标和体重变化说明蛋氨酸铁螯合物可有效地防止仔猪缺铁性贫血的发生。     

中草药防治母猪乳房炎与仔猪下痢的研究(续)

（接上期）２－５　“母仔康”能明显降低乳房炎乳汁的凝集度,改善乳品质２－５－１　ＬＭＴ液诊断方法对乳品质状况的检测结果　所采样经ＬＭＴ试剂诊断,有１０头份投药前乳房炎为阳性至强阳性。即＋＋～＃”符号,投药４８小时时（药中）乳汁阴转明显,仅有２份为＋＋与＋＋＋,３份为±;９６小时时（药后）乳汁阴转率为９０％,即剩那例强阳性（＃）转成阳性＋＋）,呈阴转趋势,仍需继续治疗,但已明显降低乳汁凝集度。阳性乳房炎乳汁用药后９０％的阴转率,表明母仔康确能降低乳房炎乳汁凝集度,改善乳汁品质。乳房炎乳汁是导致仔猪…     

中链脂肪酸在仔猪营养中的生理功能研究进展

中链脂肪酸(MCFAs)由含有单羧酸的脂肪酸组成,6~12个碳原子不等,包括己酸(C6)、辛酸(C8)、癸酸(C10)和月桂酸(C12)。MCFAs可以通过胃黏膜被吸收,中链脂肪酸甘油三酯(MCTs)可以被完整地吸收进入肠上皮细胞,然后被微粒体脂肪酶水解。MCFAs是一种很容易获得的能量来源,不仅能够改善肠上皮黏膜结构,还因其能够穿透细菌的半透膜并破坏细胞内部结构而具有很强的抗菌活性。因此,MCFAs可以作为断奶仔猪饲料的良好补充剂,提高仔猪的生长性能,是一种潜在的饲料抗生素替代品。本文将从MCFAs对仔猪生长性能、肠道微生物平衡、肠道发育及免疫调节作用进行综述,为MCFAs在养猪业中的科学应用提供参考。     

一种新型伤口处理剂对仔猪去势伤口处理的效果实证

在猪场中,正确的伤口处理对于伤口的恢复具有重要的意义。为了研究新型伤口处理剂对仔猪去势伤口的效果,特选取5～7日龄533头公仔猪,分为两组。试验组利用常规碘酊消毒去势后喷洒新型伤口处理剂,对照组则按常规操作单纯碘酊消毒。而后分别记录每天伤口恢复情况以及去势后15 d内表现关节肿的去势公仔猪比例。结果表明:新型伤口处理剂可以减少伤口出血,促进去势伤口的愈合,减少细菌通过伤口感染猪只的几率。     

蛋氨酸锌对仔猪生产性能的影响

试验选用健康杂交仔猪(杜×长×大)96头,随机分为4个处理组,每个处理组3个重复,每个重复8头仔猪,其中处理组1为对照组。试验在玉米-豆粕型基础日粮中分别添加蛋氨酸锌来源锌40、300、350、400mg/kg,结果表明:蛋氨酸锌来源锌300、350、400mg/kg对断奶仔猪日增重、日采食量、料肉比、腹泻的控制、血浆锌含量较40mg/kg均有显著影响(P<0.05);蛋氨酸锌来源锌350mg/kg水平为仔猪断奶后10日内较佳添加量。     

复方中药制剂防制仔猪早期断奶应激综合症的研究

本试验旨在研究复方中药制剂防制仔猪早期断奶应激综合症的效果。 6窝 2 1日龄仔猪 48头 ,随机分成 2组 ,每组 2 4头 ,每窝 4头。I组仔猪 2 1日龄时口服 2 0ml中药制剂 ,II组仔猪口服 2 0ml冷开水 ,每天 1次 ,连服 7d。所有试验仔猪均于 2 4日龄时断奶。结果表明 ,该中药制剂能促进断奶仔猪生长 ,降低腹泻率 ,提高PHAT -淋巴细胞转化率及白细胞吞噬功能 ,可有效地防制仔猪早期断奶应激综合症     

陕西仔猪致病性大肠杆菌的分离鉴定和耐药性测定

从陕西十县市24个大小猪场(户)腹泻仔猪病例采集186份病料中,分离并鉴定出68株致病性大肠杆菌,通过14种大肠杆菌O抗原单因子血清鉴定,证明有13种血清型(尚有1株未定型)存在,其中以O139,O101、O149,O141,O60为优势血清型,占定型菌株的71.6%。选用16种常用抗生素对32株地方代表菌株做耐药性试验:结果表明对丁胺卡那霉素、诺氟沙星、新霉素高敏,林可霉素、头孢唑啉和麦地霉素等中敏,氧氟沙星、先锋霉素和链霉素等药物产生耐药;同时从高、中敏区向中敏区和低敏区过渡的趋势明显。这一结果为该省做到有效防治提供了依据。     

Potassium diformate in the diet of reproducing sows: Effect on performance of sows and litters

The effects of adding potassium diformate (K-diformate) to diets for primiparous and multiparous sows (Dutch × Scandinavian Landrace) (n = 156) were evaluated with respect to performance of sows and their litters, apparent total tract digestibility (TD) of nutrients, milk composition, and microbiota of sows' feces. Treatments comprised a basal diet and a basal diet containing 0.8 or 1.2% K-diformate. The experiment lasted from mating, through gestation and lactation until the next mating. Sows were fed restrictively according to a commercial feeding regime during the gestation period, and had free access to feed from d 10 post-farrowing. The addition of K-diformate to diets increased backfat thickness (P = 0.03) of sows during gestation. No effects on average daily feed intake or body weight gain were seen. Piglets born to sows receiving K-diformate tended to have increased individual (P = 0.05) and litter (P = 0.08) birth weight, tended to have increased average daily gain (ADG) (P = 0.07) and to be heavier at weaning (P < 0.05). Birth weights, ADG, and weaning weights were similar for piglets born from sows fed 0.8 and 1.2% K-diformate. There was no effect of K-diformate on the number of pigs born alive, number of stillborns or mortality rates of piglets. Adding 1.2% K-diformate to diets increased TD of ash by 4.9% (P = 0.001) and crude fat by 3.4% (P = 0.08), and calculated NE-content by 2.3% (P = 0.02). Sows fed K-diformate tended (P = 0.09) to show an increased milk fat content on d 12 post-farrowing. In conclusion, adding K-diformate to diets for sows had a positive effect on sows' backfat thickness in gestation and on growth performance of piglets.