仔猪感染猪等孢球虫后T细胞亚群的动态变化

为了研究仔猪感染猪等孢球虫后T细胞亚群的变化规律,应用纯种猪等孢球虫孢子化卵囊人工感染9头6日龄仔猪,分别检测了感染前1d和感染后1、3、6、9、11d(DPI)外周血中CD3 、CD4 、CD8 T细胞。结果显示,DPI3,CD3 、CD4 T细胞增加,之后下降,但差异均不显著(p>0.05);CD8 T细胞在DPI6增加,DPI 9达峰值(P<0.05)。CD4 /CD8 值在DPI 6下降,DPI 11达到最低点。表明DPI 3感染仔猪的免疫功能有所增强,而DPI 8后仔猪免疫功能受到抑制。     

两种教槽料对仔猪断奶前生长性能和腹泻发生率的影响

该试验主要是针对本场两种不同性状教槽料对哺乳仔猪生长性能及腹泻发生率进行对比分析试验,并评估其经济效益。试验选取了54头出生时发育良好,体况健康的仔猪,随机分成两个处理组,每个处理组3个重复,每个重复9头仔猪。分别饲喂两种教槽料：试验Ⅰ组饲喂康地5900,试验Ⅱ组饲喂安佑人工乳,试验期为20d。结果表明：康地5900和安佑人工乳进行比较,平均日增重差异显著（P〈0．5）,平均日采食量差异显著（P〈0．5）,料肉比差异显著（P〈0．5）。仔猪断奶前,饲喂康地5900可明显提高仔猪的生长性能和降低腹泻率。     

黄芪多糖在仔猪生产中的应用研究

黄芪多糖为中药黄芪主要的活性成分,具有广泛的生物学功能,在仔猪生产中可以用来增强免疫力、防治疾病和提高生产性能。本文就黄芪多糖的提取以及在仔猪生产中的应用作一综述。     

EM微生态制剂对仔猪的保健效果观察

试验开展EM微生态制剂对仔猪增重效果、仔猪腹泻的控制效果、环境除臭及蚊蝇孽生繁殖的消除效果等研究,结果表明:(1)EM制剂对仔猪具有良好的育肥增重效果。试验组平均增重比对照组多1.981 kg,差异显著(P<0.05);(2)EM的添加对仔猪腹泻具有良好的控制效果。试验组死亡率为5%,治愈率为75%;对照组死亡率为40%,自愈率为30%;(3)EM微生态制剂能抑制腐败菌的生长繁殖,有明显消除粪便臭味,减少蚊蝇孽生繁殖,从而净化环境,减少污染,改善仔猪生长环境。结论:EM微生态制剂对仔猪具有保健效果。     

河南省猪伪狂犬病的流行动态及防制研究

对河南省１９ 个猪场发病仔猪的检测发现,许多被检仔猪存在ＰＲＶ 感染,发病猪场占全省猪场的９ ．６ ％ ,其ＰＲＶ 阳性检出率平均为３４ ．５ ％ ,占被检发病仔猪的３５ ．８ ％ ,并呈快速上升趋势。对３ 个ＰＲＶ 污染猪场采取了综合控制措施,取得了较好的效果,为养猪场控制此病提供了可靠的方法。     

采食量及营养物质消化率对猪生长性能影响综述

饲料营养、采食量、消化吸收率是保证畜禽健康生长和高效生产的3个要素,从生理、营养角度系统综述了采食量和营养物质消化率对猪生长性能的影响。     

血清复合制剂对仔猪腹泻综合征的疗效比较

为了获得有效治疗仔猪腹泻的新方法,本试验选择了几种引起仔猪腹泻的病原疫苗接种屠宰前60d左右的育肥猪,然后制备血清及血清制剂,按1∶1和1∶1.5将血清制剂与恩诺沙星配比应用于4个试验猪场共221头腹泻仔猪。结果显示:空白对照组、单一使用血清制剂组及单一使用恩诺沙星组的平均治愈率分别为55%、56%、73%;而复合制剂组1和复合制剂组2的治愈率分别为91%和100%。试验证明,将血清制剂与恩诺沙星按1∶1.5配比使用,其治愈率最高,可作为有效防控仔猪腹泻的首选方法。     

Pharmacokinetics and ex vivo pharmacodynamics of cefquinome in porcine serum and tissue cage fluids

A tissue cage (TC) model was used to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and ex vivo pharmacodynamics of cefquinome after intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) administration to piglets at 2 mg/kg bodyweight. The mean values of area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) were 21.28 (IV) and 21.37 (IM) μg h/mL for serum, and 17.40 (IV) and 16.57 (IM) μg h/mL for TC fluid (TCF), respectively. Values of maximum concentration (C_max) were 6.15 μg/mL (serum) and 1.15 μg/mL (TCF) after IM administration. The elimination half-lives (t_1/2β) in TCF (10.63 h IV and 11.81 h IM) were significantly higher than those in serum (2.33 h IV and 2.30 h IM) (P < 0.05). The values of AUC_TCF/AUC_serum (%) after IV and IM administration were 82.4% and 80.7%, respectively.The ex vivo time-kill curves were established for serum and TCF samples using Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration values of cefquinome against E. coli were 0.030 and 0.060 μg/mL in Mueller–Hinton broth, and 0.032 and 0.064 μg/mL in both serum and TCF, respectively. The ex vivo growth inhibition data of TCF after IM administration were fitted to the sigmoid E_max model; AUC_24h/MIC was 35.01 h for bactericidal activity and 44.28 h for virtual eradication, respectively. The findings from this study suggest that cefquinome may be therapeutically effective in diseases of pigs caused by E. coli when used at a dose rate of 1.33 mg/kg administered every 24 h for organisms with MIC₉₀ ⩽ 0.50 μg/mL.     

早期断奶仔猪的营养需要研究进展

本文从早期断奶仔猪的生理特点出发，对近来一些关于早期断奶仔猪营养需要的研究作一综述，为乳猪料的开发提供理论基础。     

Effects of low-protein diets supplemented with crystalline amino acids on performance and intestinal development in piglets over the first 2 weeks after weaning

This study was conducted to determine the effects of low-protein diets supplemented with crystalline amino acids (AA) on performance and intestinal development in barrows (n = 32) over 2 weeks after weaning at 18 ± 1 day. Four maize-soybean meal based diets providing 0.93 g standardized ileal digestible lysine/MJ ME were prepared. The treatments were a control diet containing 23.1% CP (crude protein) and three low-protein diets (21.2, 18.9, and 17.2% CP, respectively), which were supplemented with crystalline AA to achieve an ideal AA pattern. Piglets were raised individually and had free access to feed and water. Average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were measured weekly. Severity of diarrhea was monitored twice per day. Blood from all piglets was taken for determining serum urea nitrogen on d 0, 7, and 14 and serum free AA concentration on d 14. At the end of the experiment, all piglets were killed to measure morphology of the small intestine and disaccharidase activities. Reducing CP level did not affect ADFI (P > 0.10) but resulted in poorer (linear, P < 0.05; quadratic, P < 0.05) ADG and feed:gain ratio (F:G) over the 2-week study period. However, most of the effect of dietary CP was due to the significant deterioration of performance with the 17.2% CP diet. Faecal consistency was improved linearly (P < 0.01) with dietary CP decrease. Reducing dietary CP from 23.1 to 17.2% resulted in a linear (P < 0.001) and quadratic (P < 0.001) decrease in serum urea nitrogen levels on d 7 and 14. Serum arginine (P < 0.001), glutamine (P < 0.05), and proline (P < 0.05) concentrations were decreased in pigs fed the 17.2% CP diet compared with those fed the control diet on d 14. Villous height was decreased (P < 0.05) in the duodenum and jejunum by the reduction of dietary CP. As dietary CP declined, lactase and sucrase activities were reduced (P < 0.01) in the proximal jejunum. In conclusion, reducing CP concentration from 23.1 to 17.2% led to decreased growth performance associated with morphological changes of the gut and reduced disaccharidase activities in the small intestine. But reducing dietary CP from 23.1 to 18.9% did not affect intestinal morphology and disaccharidase activities.