水稻齿叶矮缩病毒Pns10蛋白在水稻原生质体内的表达

【目的】水稻齿叶矮缩病毒(Rice ragged stunt virus,RRSV)Pns10蛋白在介体昆虫细胞内可形成类似病毒原质(viroplasm)的内含体,是RRSV侵染介体所必需。然而Pns10蛋白在水稻寄主中是否具有类似功能及其表达情况如何未见报道。【方法】利用大肠杆菌系统表达Pns10蛋白,免疫家兔制备多克隆抗体;通过水稻原生质体病毒侵染体系,利用免疫荧光技术分析Pns10蛋白在水稻原生质体内的分布情况,利用实时定量PCR技术和Western blot技术分别检测Pns10 RNA和Pns10蛋白在水稻原生质体内的积累情况。【结果】将Pns10基因克隆到Gateway系统原核表达载体p DEST17中,IPTG诱导表达成功后,制备融合蛋白抗血清。Western blot检测显示,该抗血清可检测感病水稻叶片中的Pns10蛋白。病毒侵染水稻原生质体后,Pns10蛋白可形成类似病毒原质的内含体;Pns10 RNA在病毒接种8 h后开始积累,24 h后达到最大值,随后开始下降;Pns10蛋白在24 h后开始表达,之后维持较高水平,60 h后略有下降。【结论】成功获得了Pns10抗血清;Pns10在水稻原生质体内成功表达,可形成类似病毒原质的内含体,并且Pns10 RNA的表达先于其蛋白的表达。     

Wnt10b基因的生理功能及其在绒毛周期性生长中的作用研究进展

绒山羊的绒毛生长具有周期性的特点,受多种因素的影响。Wnt10b基因作为Wnt家族的重要成员之一,在动物体脂肪的生成、骨骼的生成和某些疾病（如肿瘤）的产生、毛囊的生成,以及毛发基板的生长与保持活性状态等方面发挥着重要作用。对Wnt10b的来源、结构、生理功能、调控机制及其对毛囊周期性生长的影响进行综述,以期为Wnt10b促进绒毛周期性生长的作用机理研究提供参考。     

Steam explosion of crop straws improves the characteristics of biochar as a soil amendment

Five crop straws(wheat, rice, maize, oil-rape, and cotton) were first steam-exploded for 2 min at 210°C, 2.5 MPa and then pyrolyzed at 500°C for 2 h. Steam explosion(SE) induced 47–95% and 5–16% reduction of hemicellulose and cellulose, respectively, in the crop straws. The biochars derived from SE-treated feedstocks had a lower specific surface area(SSA) and pore volume, compared to those from pristine feedstocks, with one exception that SE enhanced SSA of oil-rape straw biochar by approximately 16 times. After SE, biochars had significant higher anion exchange capacity(AEC)(6.88–11.44 cmol kg~(–1)) and point of zero net charges(PZNC)(pH 3.61–5.32) values. It can thus be speculated that these biochars may have higher potential for anions adsorption. In addition, oil-rape straw might be suitable to SE pretreatment for preparing biochar as a soil amendment and sorbent as well. Further work is required for testing its application in soil.     

降水对京津冀中南部PM10和PM2.5清除作用的分析

利用京津冀中南部10个城市环境监测国控站点的2014～2016年PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)浓度逐小时资料和中国气象局地面观测逐小时国家站降水资料,进行对比统计分析,探讨降水对PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)的湿清除作用。结果表明,京津冀中南部降水对PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)湿清除效果随降雨总量、平均雨强、降水持续时间的增加而加强。当降雨总量大于10mm、平均雨强大于1mm、降水持续时间超过10h时,降水对PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)湿清除效果最佳。降水前PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)浓度与清除率呈非线性正相关关系,随浓度的增加,清除率将趋于稳定。     

Effects of Wnt10b on dermal papilla cells via the canonical Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway in the Angora rabbit

Wnt10b is a member of Wnt family that plays a variety of roles in biological functions, including those in the development of hair follicles. To investigate the effect of Wnt10b on hair growth in the Angora rabbit and to determine the underlying molecular mechanism, we cultured dermal papilla (DP) cells with exogenous Wnt10b in vitro. We observed the expressions of downstream critical gene β‐catenin and lymphoid enhancer‐binding factor 1 (LEF1) in Wnt/β‐catenin pathway. The levels of β‐catenin mRNA and protein were higher in the Wnt10b group of DP cells than in the Control group, and the mRNA level of LEF1 in the Wnt10b group was higher than in the Control group. Moreover, translocation of β‐catenin from cytoplasm to nucleus was activated in the Wnt10b group. Furthermore, the mRNA levels of the hair follicle‐regulatory genes, insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and the protein activity of ALP was also upregulated in the Wnt10b group compared to their corresponding levels in the Control group. These data suggest that Wnt10b could activate the canonical Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway to induce DP cells in the Angora rabbit. In addition, the proliferation of DP cells was significantly promoted when cultured with Wnt10b for 48 and 72 hr, suggesting that Wnt10b plays a pivotal role in the proliferation and maintenance of DP cells in vitro. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that Wnt10b may promote hair follicle growth in Angora rabbit through the canonical Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway that promotes the proliferation of DP cells.     

不同遮荫度对柱花草10^#生长和光合特性的影响

研究了不同遮荫度（O％,50％,75%）和遮荫期限（60d,120d）对柱花草10^#光合特性和生长的影响。结果表明：短期遮荫（60d）导致叶片的光合速率和蒸腾速率下降,水分利用率WUE增加,植物量和根冠比减小,并且759／6遮荫处理与对照之间出现显著的差异（P〈O．05）,遮荫使叶片含水量、叶绿素含量显著增加,75％遮荫与对照有显著差异（P〈O．05）。长期遮荫（120d）使75％处理的叶绿素总量降低,植株高度、分蘖数比对照显著降低（P〈O．05）,叶片含水量的变化却不显著。     

羊口疮病毒疫苗株与野毒株VIL-10基因的比较分析

试验旨在比较分析羊口疮病毒（orf virus,ORFV）VIL-10基因在疫苗株和野毒株之间的差异特征。参照GenBank中公布的ORFV NZ2株的VIL-10基因序列设计并合成1对特异性引物,分别以疫苗株和野毒株提取的基因组DNA为模板,采用PCR方法扩增ORFV的VIL-10基因全序列并进行测序,应用生物信息学相关软件分析基因的核苷酸、氨基酸变异情况及蛋白结构。结果显示,本试验测定的疫苗株和野毒株VIL-10基因核苷酸序列同源性为94.4%,差异主要是单个碱基的突变,其中疫苗株在132~134 bp核苷酸序列出现缺失;氨基酸序列同源性为92.5%,出现了15个氨基酸位点的突变,其中疫苗株第42位氨基酸天冬酰胺出现缺失;蛋白质在一级结构及理化性质、二级结构、三级结构、抗原表位参数及有无信号肽之间均存在一定程度的差异,而疫苗株和野毒株编码的蛋白质均无跨膜结构域。系统进化树分析结果表明,本试验测定的野毒株与疫苗株属于不同分支,遗传关系较远。研究结果提示,野毒株与疫苗株的VIL-10基因发生较明显的变异,这些变异可能与ORFV疫苗株的毒力致弱有关。     

Effects of elevated CO2 concentration on the respiratory behavior of the branches of field-grown hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa)

The effects of elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentrations on the nighttime respiration were examined for two sample branches of a hinoki cypress tree (Chamaecyparis obtusa) growing in the field with an open gas exchange system for a one-year period from July 1994 to June 1995. The branches were of a similar size and located at a similar position within the crown. One branch was subjected to an elevated CO₂ concentration of 800 μmol mol⁻¹ and the other was subjected to ambient air which had a CO₂ concentration of about 370 μmol mol⁻¹. Nighttime respiration rate was higher in elevated CO₂ level than in ambient CO₂ level. The relationship between nighttime respiration and the corresponding nighttime air temperature was fitted by the exponential function in every month of the year. The segregation of regression lines between the two CO₂ treatments increased gradually as the seasons progressed during the treatment period. TheQ ₁₀ values for nighttime respiration were lower in elevated CO₂ (1.9 ≤Q ₁₀ ≤ 3.7) than in ambient CO₂ (2.4 ≤Q ₁₀ ≤ 4.5) in every month of the year. TheQ ₁₀ was inversely related to the monthly mean nighttime air temperature in both elevated and ambient CO₂. The estimated daily nighttime respiration rate under both CO₂ treatments had a similar seasonal pattern, which almost synchronized with the temperature change. The respiration ratio of elevated CO₂ to ambient CO₂ increased gradually from 1.1 to 1.6 until the end of the experiment. Our results indicate that the CO₂ level and the temperature have a strong interactive effect on respiration and suggest that a potential increase in respiration of branches will occur when ambient CO₂ increases.     

经济供电半径的实用计算方法与分析

基于满足负荷要求及各项技术指标的条件下,以供电范围内单位面积所承担的总费用最小为原则,提出了东北地区６６／１０ｋＶ供电方式的１０ｋＶ配电线路经济供电半径的实用计算方法。同时分析了常规变电站和小型化变电站的合理供电半径,并给出了供电半径与负荷密度之间的函数关系。