3种鳢属鱼类ITS序列及系统进化分析

[目的]阐明乌鳢、斑鳢、月鳢核基因序列(ITS)的遗传变异情况,并用ITS序列研究鳢属系统进化关系.[方法]利用PCR扩增3种鳢的ITS,经克隆、拼接得到ITS全长后进行分析.[结果]乌鳢、斑鳢和月鳢ITS全序列长度为902、927、902或903bp.3种鳢ITS的G+C含量较高,约占72％.3种鳢之间核苷酸差异明显大于种内,明显的差异性ITS片段可以鉴别3种鳢.采用NJ和ML方法建立的进化树都表明乌鳢和斑鳢的遗传距离最近,而乌鳢和月鳢遗传距离最远.[结论]该研究为鳢属的分类鉴定、系统进化关系以及种间杂交提供基础资料.     

牛线粒体D-loop的序列分析及进化关系

牦牛存在两处10bp和7bp的缺失．10个品种的20条D-loop序列中共有18种单倍型，共检测到164个突变位点，346个突变碱基，其中转换突变235个，颠换突变55个，插人和缺失突变56个．基于聚类分析显示本试验所检测的黄牛中除了鲁西黄牛以外都起源于欧洲原牛，鲁西黄牛来源于两个母系，一个是欧洲原牛，另一个是瘤牛型原牛．牦牛与黄牛起源于不同的母系．     

基于Smad 7基因为靶序列的RNA干涉作用研究

为了探讨小干涉RNA(siRNA)对靶基因Smad7mRNA表达的阻断作用,采用体外转录方法制备Smad7基因的小干涉RNAs(siRNAs),用脂质体介导瞬时转染BERP35T 2肺癌细胞系,并采用Northernblot杂交检测靶基因mRNA的表达丰度。结果表明,根据Smad7编码区序列在体外成功地制备了针对2个不同靶序列的siRNAs;Northernblot杂交显示,在转染siRNA的BERP35T 2细胞中,不管是内源性的还是外源性的,Smad7mRNA的表达丰度均明显下降。说明Smad7基因编码区中542563bp及701722bp2个区域均是siRNA作用的有效靶序列,本研究设计并制备的siRNAs能有效抑制Smad7基因的表达。     

凡纳滨对虾微卫星DNA的筛选及其特性的研究

采用小片段克隆法构建凡纳滨对虾的部分基因文库，用放射性同位素[y-^12P]ATP标记的（CA）15（AT）12（AG）12、（AAT）8、（AAG）8做探针筛选阳性克隆。共获得微卫星序列152个，其中二核苷酸为核心的微卫星序列：（AG）a〉（AC）a〉（AT）a，三核苷酸为核心的微卫星序列：（AAT）a〉（CAT）a〉（AAG）a应用引物设计软件primer3．0设计引物105对。选择合成10对理论上易出现影子带的引物，筛选后用31个凡纳滨对虾个体对这些引物进行了评估，结果10对引物中有8对引物能扩增出谱带，其中1对扩增产物出现影子带，1对扩增产物为单态．有6对扩增产物出现多态。     

伏牛白山羊mtDNAD—loop序列多态性和系统进化分析

为研究河南省伏牛白山羊的遗传多样性和系统进化,试验测定了该品种8个个体的线粒体控制区全序列,结果表明,山羊控制区线粒体控制全序列长度为1212bp或1213bp,A T含量占60.1%,其中40个核苷酸位点存在变异(约占3.30%),核苷酸多样度为1.562%,这些差异共定义了7种单倍型,单倍型多样性为0.964,表明中国山羊品种遗传多样性丰富。根据伏牛白山羊序列和GENBANK两条野山羊序列构建了NJ分子系统树,聚类表明,伏牛白山羊和角骨羊单独聚在一枝上,二者亲缘关系较近,伏牛白山羊可能起源于角骨羊。     

文昌鸡线粒体控制区遗传多态性及系统进化分析

通过对文昌鸡线粒体基因纽(mitochondrial genome,mtDNA)D-loop区全序列的测序和比对,并结合GenBank已经测出D-loop区全序列的红色原鸡的序列,探讨了文昌鸡的遗传多样性和母系起源。结果发现,文昌鸡mtDNAD-loop区全长1231~1232bp,核苷酸多样性(Pi)为0.09757,单倍型多样性(Hd)为0.874。在30只个体中,共发现20处单核苷酸多态位点,10种单倍型。系统发育分析发现,10种单倍型可以分为B、C和E 3个分支。B分支与红色原鸡滇南亚种(Gallus gallus spadiceus)聚为一类,推测这两个分支可能起源于云南、缅甸附近地区的红色原鸡滇南亚种。E分支与红色原鸡(Gallusgallus murghi)聚为一类,推测可能起源于红色原鸡的印度亚种分支。C分支与4个原鸡亚种聚为一类,可能有多个母系起源。本研究从分子水平上为文昌鸡的遗传资源保护和开发利用提供了参考。     

Two- and three-domain bacterial laccase-like genes are present in drained peat soils

Laccases of fungal origin have been intensively studied due to their importance in various biotechnological applications. There is a constant demand for new laccases with improved properties such as stability at higher temperatures or at an alkaline pH. Growing molecular evidence suggests that laccases may also be widespread in bacteria. While only a handful of bacterial laccases have been purified and characterized, several novel traits have already been discovered (e.g. pH-stability and 2-domain organization of the enzyme as opposed to the usual 3-domain structure of fungal laccases). The aim of this study was to examine the diversity of bacterial laccase-like genes in two types of high-organic peat soil using a cloning and sequencing approach. Gene libraries prepared of small fragments (150 base pairs) revealed an amazing diversity of bacterial laccases. The fragments clustered in 11 major lineages, and one third of the 241 sequences resembled laccase-like genes of Acidobacteria. Additionally, a new primer was used to retrieve several larger fragments of the putative bacterial laccase genes that spanned all four copper-binding sites. Both “conventional” 3-domain laccases and the recently described 2-domain small laccases have been obtained using this approach, demonstrating the potential of the primer. The present study thus contributes to the understanding of the diversity of bacterial laccases and provides a new tool for finding laccase-like sequences in bacterial strains and soil samples.     

Suicide vectors for the introduction of genetic markers into Bradyrhizobium strains by site-directed chromosomal integration between repeated sequences (RS-α)

To achieve stable expression of the heterologous and reporter genes in the Bradyrhizobium genome, we constructed suicide plasmids capable of site-directed genomic integration of the gusA, gfp and nifA genes by homologous recombination into non-essential repeated sequences (RS-α), isolated from B. japonicum strain CPAC7 (SEMIA5080). In this report, we describe the strategies to construct the vectors and their use to obtain mutants with site-specific insertions.     

Influence of repeated prescribed burning on the soil fungal community in an eastern Australian wet sclerophyll forest

A long-term prescribed burning experiment, incorporating replicated plots that receive burning biennially (2 yr burn) or quadrennially (4 yr burn) and unburned controls, has been maintained in a wet sclerophyll forest at Peachester, Queensland, Australia since 1972. In 2003 we extracted DNA from soil collected from the experimental plots and investigated the influence of the burning on the soil fungal community by comparing denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiles of PCR-amplified partial rDNA internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS1). Canonical analysis of principal coordinates (CAP) of the DGGE profiles of the upper 10 cm of the soil profile grouped the data strongly according to treatment, indicating that both burning regimes significantly altered fungal community structure compared to the unburned controls. In contrast, no obvious trend was observed for soil from a depth of 10-20 cm of the profile. Sequencing of selected DGGE bands found no obvious patterns of presence/absence of taxonomic groups between the treatments. Analysis of soil nitrogen and carbon by mass spectrometry indicated that total soil C and N, along with both gross and net N mineralisation, were significantly lower in 2 yr plots compared to control and 4 yr plots.     

瓜类褪绿黄化病毒山东分离物全基因组序列扩增及分析

为明确分离自山东省寿光市甜瓜上的瓜类褪绿黄化病毒(cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus,CCYV)分离物的全基因组序列信息和遗传变异情况,利用毛形病毒属Crinivirus简并引物进行RTPCR检测,利用RACE技术结合RT-PCR方法克隆CCYV山东分离物2条RNA链的全基因组序列,通过与GenBank中其它地区CCYV分离物的全长序列进行比对分析其同源性,并基于CP基因序列构建系统进化树分析其遗传变异情况。结果表明,山东分离物经RT-PCR检测和测序后确定为CCYV。CCYV山东分离物与其它CCYV分离物的RNA1链和RNA2链的全基因组序列一致性的平均值分别为99.82%和99.88%,且2条链的5′末端均比较保守,没有碱基突变的情况发生;RNA1链3′末端存在2个碱基变异,RNA2链3′末端存在1个碱基变异。CCYV不同地区分离物主要分为3个簇群,其中山东分离物和中国其它地区分离物、日本分离物、苏丹分离物、黎巴嫩分离物和塞浦路斯分离物聚类在一起。研究表明CCYV基因组序列比较保守,该病毒的分化可能与地理来源存在一定的相关性。