牛线粒体D-loop的序列分析及进化关系

牦牛存在两处10bp和7bp的缺失．10个品种的20条D-loop序列中共有18种单倍型，共检测到164个突变位点，346个突变碱基，其中转换突变235个，颠换突变55个，插人和缺失突变56个．基于聚类分析显示本试验所检测的黄牛中除了鲁西黄牛以外都起源于欧洲原牛，鲁西黄牛来源于两个母系，一个是欧洲原牛，另一个是瘤牛型原牛．牦牛与黄牛起源于不同的母系．

Sequence analysis and evolution relationship of mitochondrial D-loop of cattles

Two long deletions fragments occurred in yak, of which one was 10 bp and the other was 7 bp.Of all the 20 sequences from 10 breeds, 18 haploids, 164 mutational sites, and 346 mutational bases were detected. Among them, 235 were transitions, 55 were transvertions, and the other 56 were insertions and deletions. Based on the clustering analysis, all the yellow catties except Luxi were descended from two Bos Taurus catties. Luxi was descended from two matrilines, one was Bos Taurus,the other was Bos indicus. The yak and yellow cattle were derived from different matrilines.