从生物转化液中分离提取11-α羟基-坎利酮的工艺研究

[目的]考察了4种分离提取方法对生物转化液中转化产物11-α-羟基-坎利酮提取率的影响。[方法]4种分离提取方法分别为文献法、浸泡法、洗脱法和匀浆法。[结果]11-α-羟基-坎利酮主要游离于转化液或附着于菌丝体外表面,洗脱法和浸泡法对11-α-羟基-坎利酮具有较好的分离效果。采用400 ml乙酸乙酯洗脱,11-α-羟基-坎利酮提取率为96.0%;经乙酸乙酯浸泡90 min,11-α-羟基-坎利酮提取率达到98.8%。[结论]该方法简单高效,具有工业化应用潜力。     

光活化α-三联噻吩对红火蚁行为和触角功能的影响 

采用喷雾法,观察光活化成分α-三联噻吩(α-T)对红火蚁(Solenopsis invicta Buren)工蚁识别食物能力的影响;采用涂抹法,观察α-T对红火蚁工蚁寻水、聚集、行走和攀附能力的影响。结果表明:经α-T喷雾红火蚁工蚁,光照30 min并放置5、10、15、20、30 min后,工蚁对食物的识别率分别为11.67%、13.33%、10.00%、16.67%、15.00%,寻水率分别为23.33%、71.67%、85.00%、85.00%、88.33%;经α-T涂抹红火蚁工蚁触角,光照30min并放置5、10、15、20、30min后,工蚁的寻水率分别为17.50%、25.00%、31.67%、36.67%、41.67%,聚集率分别为55.00%、62.50%、65.00%、67.50%、70.00%,行走速率为4.60mm/s,失附率为27.50%,其中α-T光照处理与α-T黑暗处理、CK光照处理和CK黑暗处理的差异均显著。这说明α-T光照处理能影响红火蚁工蚁触角的功能,对其食物识别、聚集、行走和攀附能力均有显著抑制作用,对其寻水能力有促进作用。     

Study on the hypoglycemic activities and metabolism of alcohol extract of Alismatis Rhizoma

The Alisma rhizoma is widely used in the therapy of diabetes in traditional folk medicine of China. Compositional analysis of the alcohol extract of Alismatis Rhizoma (AEA) revealed that the eight compounds gotten from AEA are all belonging to protostane-type triterpenes. The AEA and compounds were incubated with 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, glucose level in the 3T3-L1 adipocytes culture medium and lipid content in 3T3-L1 adipocytes were measured, and analysis of alpha-glucosidase inhibition of AEA and compounds. At the same time, the uptake of AEA by 3T3-L1 adipocytes and the metabolism of AEA in SD rats were analyzed by HPLC-ESI/MS. As result, AEA increased glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocyte model, not increase adipogenesis; AEA inhibited alpha-glucosidase activity; alisol A-24-aceate (8) was absorbed by 3T3-L1 adipocytes; and two compounds were detected in blood and three were detected in urine in SD rats. So AEA had protostane-type triterpenes, these type compounds in AEA may have hypoglycemic activity via inhibition of alpha-glucosidase activity and promotion of glucose uptake. In contrast to the anti-diabetic drug thiazolidinediones, they did not induce adipogenesis, avoiding the displeased effects of rosiglitazone.     

防治松萎蔫病的新策略及林间防效初报

在松萎蔫病是由松材线虫与其携带的致病细菌诱导的一种复合侵染病害的新学说的指导下,根据松萎蔫病在疫区病树呈聚集分布,提出了防治松萎蔫病的新策略,即利用我们研究开发防治松萎蔫病的新药剂α-三噻吩与杀细菌剂恶喹酸对在以病死树中心周围半径50 m的范围内所有寄主树进行注干处理。经过2010—2011年在面积近20 hm2的处理黑松林地的防治试验,至2011年12月已经取得了良好的防效。处理林地中没有再发生病死树,对照区内却有24株病死树。防治仍在继续,新结果将继续报道。     

山羊溶酶体α-AMA基因的克隆、生物信息学及组织表达谱分析

本研究旨在对山羊溶酶体α-甘露糖苷酶(α-AMA)基因进行组织表达谱和生物信息学分析。参考牛α-AMA基因序列设计引物,采用PCR技术克隆山羊α-AMA基因序列,并利用荧光定量RT-PCR进行组织表达谱分析以及进行生物信息学预测。首次获得了山羊α-AMA基因,含有完整CDS编码区3 000bp,编码999个氨基酸,其中前50个氨基酸为信号肽序列。其编码区的核苷酸序列和预测氨基酸序列与牛的α-AMA相似性最高,分别为95.93%和94.79%。组织表达谱分析表明α-AMA在山羊各组织均不同程度的表达,其中在肺脏、肝脏、小脑表达量较高。生物信息学预测发现,α-AMA蛋白属于糖苷水解酶38家族成员,有2个保守的结构域,存在9个N-糖基化位点。SWISS-MODEL同源建模山羊α-AMA具有良好的可信度。本研究为探讨酶的作用机理及疯草解毒剂的研制提供了理论依据。     

Evaluation of Nociception,Sedation, and Cardiorespiratory Effects of a Constant Rate Infusion of Xylazine Alone or in Combination with Lidocaine in Horses

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a constant rate infusion (CRI) of xylazine or xylazine in combination with lidocaine on nociception, sedation, and physiologic values in horses. Six horses were given intravenous (IV) administration of a loading dose (LD) of 0.55 mg/kg of xylazine followed by a CRI of 1.1 mg/kg/hr. The horses were randomly assigned to receive three treatments, on different occasions, administered 10 minutes after initiation of the xylazine CRI, as follows: control, physiologic saline; lidocaine low CRI (LLCRI), lidocaine (LD: 1.3 mg/kg, CRI: 0.025 mg/kg/min); and lidocaine high CRI (LHCRI), lidocaine (LD: 1.3 mg/kg, CRI: 0.05 mg/kg/min). A blinded observer assessed objective and subjective data for 50 minutes during the CRIs. In all treatments, heart and respiratory rates decreased, end-tidal carbon dioxide concentration increased, and moderate to intense sedation was observed, but no significant treatment effect was detected in these variables. Ataxia was significantly higher in LHCRI than in the control treatment at 20 minutes of infusion. Compared with baseline values, nociceptive threshold increased to as much as 79% in the control, 190% in LLCRI, and 158% in LHCRI. Nociceptive threshold was significantly higher in LLCRI (at 10 and 50 minutes) and in LHCRI (at 30 minutes) than in the control treatment. The combination of CRIs of lidocaine with xylazine produced greater increases in nociceptive threshold compared with xylazine alone. The effects of xylazine on sedation and cardiorespiratory variables were not enhanced by the coadministration of lidocaine. The potential to increase ataxia may contraindicate the clinical use of LHCRI, in combination with xylazine, in standing horses.     

Antinociceptive and antiplasmodial activities of cassane furanoditerpenes from Caesalpinia volkensii H. root bark

The chloroform and ethyl acetate extract (100 mg/kg) of Caesalpinia volkensii H. exhibited significant (P ≤ 0.05) antinociceptive activities using hot plate and writhing tests in mice while the later showed antiplasmodial activity (IC₅₀ 0.23 ± 0.07 and 4.39 ± 2.49 μg/ml) against chloroquine sensitive (D6) and chloroquine-resistant (W2), respectively. Two new furanoditerpenes [rel. 1β,5α-dihydroxyvoucapane (1) and rel. 1β,6β-dihydroxyvoucapane; 19β-methyl ester (2)] together with seven known compounds [voucapane (3), voucapan-5-ol (4), deoxycaesaldekarin C (5), caesaldekarin C (6), 5-hydroxyvinhaticoic acid (7), triacontanyl-(E)-ferulate (8), triacontanyl-(E)-caffaete (9) and 30′-hydroxytriacontanyl-(E)-ferulate (10)] were isolated from the two extracts. The administration of 3, 4, 5 and 6 (100 mg/kg i.p) caused a significant (P ≤ 0.05) reduction in the number of writhing episodes induced by acetic acid and (P ≤ 0.01) increased pain latency threshold in hot-plate test compared to control. However, the pure compounds indicated relatively (P ≤ 0.05) low antiplasmodial activity. The phytochemical constituents from the root bark of C. volkensii had better analgesic properties than antimalarial properties, justifying the use of the plant root bark as a remedy for pain.     

固态混菌发酵生产饲用复合酶制剂营养条件和培养条件的研究

黑曲霉变种(A.niger v.Tiegh)CGMCC1182、黑曲霉MA-56(A.niger MA-56)CGMCC2722和黑曲霉XY-1(A.niger XY-1)CGMCC1182分别为α-半乳糖苷酶、β-甘露聚糖酶和木聚糖酶生产菌株。为获得高产α-半乳糖苷酶、β-甘露聚糖酶和木聚糖酶的复合酶制剂,通过单因素实验,研究了黑曲霉三种菌株在固态发酵条件下产复合酶制剂的培养基组成和培养条件。结果表明,黑曲霉混菌发酵生产复合酶的最适培养基组成为:麸皮∶豆粕为7∶3(m/m),在此基础上(以麸皮和豆粕总量为10 g计算)添加玉米芯1.0 g,魔芋粉0.1 g,葡萄糖0.5 g,(NH4)2SO4 0.2 g,NaNO3 0.1 g,MgSO4 0.1 g,KH2PO4 0.2 g,H2O 11 mL。产酶最适培养条件为:培养温度30℃,固形物与加水比1∶1,α-半乳糖苷酶、β-甘露聚糖酶和木聚糖酶接种比例为5∶6∶6,接种混合孢子悬浮液2.5 mL(以一支菌种斜面加30 mL无菌水为标准),300 mL三角瓶中装量8 g培养基,发酵60 h时,复合酶产量达到最优,α-半乳糖苷酶、β-甘露聚糖酶和木聚糖酶三种酶制剂的活力分别可以达到221、894、10188 IU/g。     

团花树α扩展蛋白基因的克隆及表达分析

采用扩增保守区域、基因组步移及3'RACE技术,在团花树中克隆到15个α-expansin基因的cDNA序列,命名为AcEXPA2-16(GenBank注册号JF922686-JF922700),其相对应的基因组序列GenBank注册号为JF922701-JF922715.包括已知的AcEXPA1,这16个EXPA蛋白的大小及序列高度保守,包括N端的信号肽、3个外显子和2个内含子.通过氨基酸序列比对和系统进化树分析,AcEXPA1-16分为4个亚族,分别为A、B、C和D亚族.定量PCR分析显示AcEXPA1-16基因在同一组织中的表达存在冗余现象,而单个基因在不同的组织中又存在特异表达,尤其AcEXPA8在形成层中的表达水平极高.这表明AcEXPA8在木质部发生的过程中可能起到重要的作用.研究结果为在团花树中研究α-expansin基因与木质部的生长和材质的关系提供信息,并最终为林木分子育种提供潜在的候选基因.     

牛α干扰素在毕赤酵母中的高效分泌表达及活性鉴定

为高效分泌表达牛α干扰素(boIFN-α),本研究通过人工合成boIFN-α基因,将目的基因克隆至表达载体pPIC9K中,构建重组质粒pPIC9K-boIFN-α,将其电转化于毕赤酵母菌株GS115,利用抗药选择压力G418筛选重组菌,对重组菌诱导表达,取上清进行SDS-PAGE和western blot检测,并优化重组菌的诱导表达条件.结果显示:筛选获得高效分泌表达boIFN-α的重组菌,其最佳诱导条件为:250 r/min,26℃培养,1％甲醇浓度诱导,诱导72 h.上清中目的蛋白表达量最高可达200 μg/mL,本研究为boIFN-α在生产中的应用奠定了基础.