Postharvest quality response of strawberries with aloe vera coating during refrigerated storage

Strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) were coated either with chitosan (1, 1.5, and 2% solution, w/v) or aloe vera (AV) gel and the coatings were air dried. Coated strawberries were put in a polypropylene box and stored in refrigerator (6 ± 1°C and 50 ± 5% relative humidity. The success of coating in retaining the postharvest quality of the strawberries was evaluated by determining respiration rate, firmness, weight loss, external colour change, ascorbic acid content, total soluble solids, acidity, pH, microbial decay and sensory quality. The incidence of microbial rot started on day-6 in uncoated and 1% chitosan coated strawberries. Strawberries coated with 1.5 and 2% chitosan were affected by microbial decay on day-9 of storage. On the other hand, rot incidence was initiated in AV gel coated strawberries on day-15 of storage. Aloe vera gel or chitosan coating reduced respiration rate, weight loss, and microbial decay and preserved firmness, ascorbic acid content, and other quality parameters, thus delaying ripening and the progress of fruit decay due to senescence or microbial attack. Furthermore, AV gel delayed the changes in external colour and retained all other postharvest quality of strawberries compared to chitosan coated or uncoated ones throughout the storage.     

基于GIS的土壤肥力质量综合评价——以天然云冷杉针阔混交林为例

以吉林汪清林业局金沟岭林场中41块天然云冷杉针阔混交林样地为对象,采用主成分-聚类分析,结合GIS技术,对该区域土壤肥力质量进行综合评价。结果表明,按主成分-聚类分析结果将41块样地分为4类:第1类土壤肥力质量综合得分为11.17~18.86(优),包括5块样地;第2类土壤肥力质量综合得分为3.01~7.44(良),包括8块样地;第3类土壤肥力质量综合得分为-6.97~1.27(一般),包括24块样地;第4类土壤肥力质量综合得分为-12.40~-9.63(差),包括4块样地。然后采用Arc GIS软件对综合得分进行普通Kriging插值,其标准均方根预测为0.9544,在1的附近,这基本达到插值精度的要求。从生成的研究区土壤肥力质量综合得分空间分布图来看,森林土壤肥力质量由西向东呈现先降低后升高的趋势;由北向南,森林土壤肥力质量变化幅度逐步减小,表明研究区南部土壤肥力质量变化较北部均匀。就研究区的整体土壤肥力质量而言,土壤肥力质量中等以上(优,良,一般)样地数占所研究区样地总数比例为90.24%,表明所研究区森林土壤肥力质量整体处于良好水平。     

酸化剂对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及肠道相关指标的影响

本试验旨在研究酸化剂对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及肠道相关指标的影响。选取25周龄罗曼褐壳蛋鸡672只，随机分为4个组，每组7个重复，每个重复24只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮，试验组饲喂在基础饲粮中分别添加0.05%、0.10%和0.20%酸化剂的试验饲粮，试验期60 d。结果表明：1)与对照组相比，饲粮添加0.05%酸化剂显著提高了蛋鸡的平均日采食量( P<0.05)；添加0.20%酸化剂显著降低了料蛋比( P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比，饲粮添加酸化剂显著增强了试验第30和60天的蛋壳强度( P<0.05)；添加0.20%酸化剂显著提高了试验第30和60天的蛋白高度( P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比，酸化剂的添加对试验第30和60天消化道pH没有显著影响( P>0.05)，但显著提高了十二指肠食糜中淀粉酶和胰蛋白酶的活性( P<0.05)，并显著降低了消化道大肠杆菌的数量( P<0.05)。4)与对照组相比，饲粮添加酸化剂显著提高了试验第30和60天钙与磷的表观代谢率( P<0.05)。饲粮添加酸化剂可改善产蛋鸡饲料转化效率、鸡蛋品质；提高蛋鸡肠道消化酶活性及钙、磷表观代谢率；改善肠道微生态环境。     

白石水库水源富营养化评价及供水可靠性分析

本文在对白石水库水源富营养化进行评价的基础上,对水库供水可靠性进行了分析.从现状水质评价结果看,白石水库的水质满足《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838-2002)中的Ⅲ类用水水质要求,可以作为集中式生活饮用水水源地和工业用水水源地.经过水量调节计算,可知白石水库供水水质是可靠的.     

菜用甘薯新品种薯绿1号的选育

薯绿1号(原名徐菜薯1号)是以台农71为母本,以广薯菜2号为父本,通过定向有性杂交选育而成的菜用甘薯专用新品种。株型半直立,分枝多,叶片心形,顶叶黄绿色,叶基色和茎色均为绿色。薯块纺锤形,白皮白肉。茎尖无茸毛,烫后颜色翠绿至绿色,无苦涩味,微甜,有滑腻感,食味好。高抗茎线虫病,抗蔓割病。在国家区域试验3个月时间内每667m2产量1800kg左右,如在保护地条件下可周年生产,每667m2产量在5000kg以上。适合江苏、山东、河南、浙江、四川、广东、福建、海南等适宜地区作叶菜种植。     

Soil enzyme activities during the 2011 Texas record drought/heat wave and implications to biogeochemical cycling and organic matter dynamics

Extreme droughts and heat waves due to climate change may have permanent consequences on soil quality and functioning in agroecosystems. During November 2010 to August 2011, the Southern High Plains (SHP) region of Texas, U.S., a large cotton producing area, received only 39.6 mm of precipitation (vs. the historical avg. of 373 mm) and experienced the hottest summer since record keeping began in 1911. Several enzyme activities (EAs) important in biogeochemical cycling were evaluated in two soils (a loam and a sandy loam at 0–10 cm) with a management history of monoculture (continuous cotton) or rotation (cotton and sorghum or millet). Samplings occurred under the most extreme drought and heat conditions (July 2011), after precipitation resulted in a reduction in a drought severity index (March 2012), and 12 months after the initial sampling (July 2012; loam only). Eight out of ten EAs, were significantly higher in July 2011 compared to March 2012 for some combinations of soil type and management history. Among these eight EAs, enzymes key to C (β-glucosidase, β-glucosaminidase) and P cycling (phosphodiesterase, acid and alkaline phosphatases) were significantly higher (19–79%) in July 2011 than in March 2012 for both management histories regardless of the soil type (P > 0.05). When comparing all sampling times, the activities of alkaline phosphatase, aspartase and urease (rotation only) showed this trend: July 2011 > March 2012 > July 2012. Activities of phosphodiesterase, acid phosphatase, α-galactosidase, β-glucosidase and β-glucosaminidase were higher in July 2011 than July 2012 in at least one of the two management histories. Total C was reduced significantly from July 2011 to March 2012 in the rotation for both soils. Only the activities of arylsulfatase (avg. 36%) and asparaginase showed an increase from July 2011 to March 2012 for both soil types, which may indicate they have a different origin/location than the other enzymes. EAs continued to be a fingerprint of the soil management history (i.e., higher EAs in the rotation than in monoculture) during the drought/heat wave. This study provided some of the first evidence of the adverse effects of a natural, extreme drought and heat wave on soil quality in agroecosystems as indicated by EAs involved in biogeochemical cycling.     

棉花产品质量安全与风险评估研究进展

总结了近年来在棉花纤维技术、种子分子检测技术、棉副产品综合利用和质量安全风险评估技术等方面的研究新进展,分析了我国当前棉花质量安全领域存在的问题,提出了解决质量难题的技术建议。     

不同修剪方式对杨梅矮化提质效应研究

以8 年生‘东魁’杨梅为材料，研究修剪的矮化提质效果。连续2 年进行大枝修剪(vertical branch pruning，VP)、精准修剪(precise pruning，PP)、大枝修剪+精准修剪(VP+PP)和“开天窗”常规修剪(pruning of open skylight，PO)，并以不修剪为对照(CK)。试验前后调查树体高度和冠幅，并测定株产量、果实品质（总糖、可滴定酸、Vc、总多酚、总黄酮等）和色差(L*、a*、b*、ho、C*)等。结果表明，对树冠控制能力的大小为VP+PP＞VP＞PP＞PO，其平均树高分别降低了63%、57%、55%和25%。平均株产量为VP+PP＞VP＞PP＞PO，产量分别提高了25%、20%、6%和-38%。对果实色泽改善以PP 和VP+PP 的效果最显著。调查L*和始熟期发现，近熟期L*越小成熟度越高。处理第2 年果实品质相比第1 年改善幅度增大，以单果重为例，处理第1 年VP+PP、PP、VP、PO的单果重分别提高了32.0%、30.3%、21.1%和8.7%，第2 年单果重分别提高了48.3%、44.9%、43.1%和8.9%；各处理的a*、ho和C*在处理第1 年无显著差异，第2 年出 现差异分离。综合分析，不同处理下杨梅的综合效益为VP+PP＞PP＞VP＞PO＞CK。     

刈割次数对林下黑麦草产量与品质的影响

林下种草养禽是一种复合型生态农业模式,为了优化林下牧草的刈割方式,获得较高产量的优质牧草。以林下黑麦草为试验材料,设置不同刈割次数处理(1、2、3、4、5次),比较不同刈割次数对其生长性状、干物质累积、产量和品质的影响。结果表明:刈割4次处理,林下黑麦草鲜草和干草产量最高,分别为86.53 t/hm~2和11.83 t/hm~2,刈割5次处理,鲜草和干草产量分别下降10.27%和7.79%。随着刈割次数的增加,林下黑麦草粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗灰分等营养成分含量有上升趋势,粗纤维含量有下降趋势。另外,各处理以第2茬和第3茬黑麦草干草产量和品质较高。与非林下黑麦草比较,林下黑麦草产量和品质稍有下降。本试验条件下,林下黑麦草刈割4次可兼顾高产与优质,并且适当延长第2茬和第3茬生长时间,有利于产量和品质提高。     

采收成熟度对烟叶烤后质量的影响

为明确密集烘烤条件下浓香型烤烟各部位烟叶成熟采收标准,通过对‘粤烟98’品种烟叶外观特性、化学成分感官质量评价,探究其在不同采收成熟度对烟叶品质的影响。结果表明:在韶关烟区烤烟烟叶以下、中、上部达到适熟期采收最佳,烤后烟叶橘黄烟比例增加,色泽光亮、色度强及油分好,各部位烟叶化学成分糖碱比和氮碱比协调性相对较好,香气质好量足,在一定程度上彰显了烟叶浓香型特征。