储藏条件对水稻种子发芽活性影响的研究

文章讨论了储藏中水稻种子的水分含量、储藏温度和气体条件（如ＣＯ２气体、脱氧剂等）对水稻处子发芽活性的影响。     

不同储藏条件下稻谷脂肪酸值变化和霉变相关性研究

对不同水分、温度下模拟储藏的晚粳稻谷和晚籼稻谷进行定期的脂肪酸值测定和霉变情况观察。结果表明:储藏温度越高,稻谷含水量越大,其脂肪酸值上升速度越快,也越容易发生霉变。相比较而言,含水量分别为14.5%、13.5%晚粳稻谷和晚籼稻谷,在20℃储藏3个月,脂肪酸值变化很小,也未发生霉变。在相同储藏温度下,同一水分晚粳稻谷的脂肪酸值比晚籼稻谷更容易上升,也更容易发生霉变。脂肪酸值与稻谷霉变相关,一般而言,当稻谷脂肪酸值超过25 mgKOH/100g,开始霉变,所以脂肪酸值可作为稻谷是否发生霉变的指标。     

稻麦“双套”轻型简化栽培技术的研究及应用(Ⅰ) ——淮北地区稻棵套播麦的生育特点及栽培对策

系统论述了淮北地区稻棵套播麦播期提前，利于早发壮苗；群体大，高峰苗提前，利于足穗形成；幼苗发育进程提前，利于大穗形成的生育特点，及限制穗、粒、重三因素协调发展相关影响机理，提出了选用抗病品种、适期适量播种、“少食多餐”的平衡施肥方式、冬前保持地表土壤良好环境等配套轻型简化栽培技术，在生产实践中应用，取得了较好的经济效益和社会效益。     

稻谷储藏真菌危害早期预测的研究

对稻谷储藏过程中,水分和温度的变化与真菌生长关系进行了研究,建立了一种稻谷储藏真菌危害早期预测方法.将12.5％％、13.4％、14.5％、15.6％和16.2％水分稻谷样品,置于10℃、15℃、20℃、25℃、30℃、35℃恒温箱中储藏180 d,每10 d取一次样检测真菌生长状况.结果表明:12.5％水分稻谷长期储藏是安全的;13.4％水分稻谷短期储存是安全的,长期储藏仍存在潜在风险;14.5％水分稻谷在15℃以下储存半年是安全的;15.6％和16.2％稻谷在实验的6个温度下储存20 d内均检出有真菌生长.不同温度下稻谷储藏真菌生长顺序为:35℃＞30℃＞25℃＞20℃＞15℃＞10℃.基于上述真菌生长规律的研究,对稻谷储存水分、温度和真菌起始生长时间进行幂函数分析,得出稻谷储存水分、温度和真菌危害早期预测曲线,通过本曲线可进行高水分稻谷储存安全期预测.     

脂肪酸值仪法测定稻米脂肪酸值研究

本研究建立了稻米中脂肪酸值的脂肪酸值仪测定方法。该方法适用于在室温下以无水乙醇提取稻谷、糙米、大米中游离脂肪酸,用标准氢氧化钾滴定液滴定,进行脂肪酸值的测定。结果表明,脂肪酸值在0~240(KOH)/(mg/100g)范围内与消耗标准滴定液的体积呈良好的线性相关,r=0.9997;方法的回收率为89%~113%;三个不同脂肪酸值的稻谷样品15次平行测试的极差最大者为1.73(KOH)/(mg/100g)干基,小于重复性临界值2(KOH)/(mg/100g)干基,标准偏差在0.36~0.55范围内,99%置信区间(随机误差的不确定度)均≤±0.42;40个样品的检测结果与GB/T15684-1995法检测结果比较,均小于重复性临界值2(KOH)/(mg/100g)干基。     

忆晋西一次修成水平梯田的产生和兴起

忆晋西一次修成水平梯田的产生和兴起刘足征（湖南省水电厅，长沙市４１０６０７）在晋西吕梁山区以至黄河中游广大山区，现在到处可以见到层层叠叠的一次修成的水平梯田。面对这一雄伟壮观，令人心情舒畅，不禁回想到４０年以前的景象。那时，在这片黄土高原广大山区，从...     

15N标记绿肥喂猪后还田的转化和效益的研究

本文用１５Ｎ标记绿肥与无Ｎ淀粉配制成饲料喂猪，猪体平均回收饲料１５Ｎ２３．５１％；猪粪回收１５Ｎ２３．８５％，猪尿回收１５Ｎ２８．７６％；饲料绿肥Ｎ的总回收率为７６．１２％。猪粪，尿还田，水稻全株对Ｎ的回收分别相当于饲料绿肥Ｎ的３．７５％和７．．２５％。其中转化至稻谷的分别为２．５１％和４．８２％。以经济产品计算，猪体和稻谷共回收饲料绿肥１５Ｎ３０．８４％，比１５Ｎ绿肥与尿素配施还田稻回收的绿肥Ｎ     

南方地区冷浸田土壤线虫的分布特征

为了解南方地区冷浸田土壤线虫分布状况,2011—2012年期间,对湖北、安徽、江西、湖南、福建、浙江、广东和贵州8个省份的冷浸田进行土壤线虫调查。结果表明:在所有省份中,共鉴定出2纲8目24科55属,其中潜根属(Hirschmanniella)和丝尾垫刃属(Filenchus)为优势属,两者占线虫总数的46.36%,丝尾垫刃属、潜根属、头叶属(Cephalobus)、滑刃属(Aphelenchoides)在我国南方8省份的冷浸田均有分布。冷浸田线虫密度为非冷浸田的48.04%,冷浸田线虫密度范围为72~735条/100 g干土。冷浸田土壤线虫数量分布主要受土壤含水量和电导率因素影响,潜根属与含水量显著正相关,与电导率显著负相关。     

稻田长期垄作免耕对土壤肥力性状的影响研究

以长期田间定位试验为基本材料,研究了长期垄作免耕对稻田土壤肥力性状的影响.结果表明稻田长期垄作免耕有利于土壤结构的形成,土壤中＜0.01mm土粒团聚度增大,＞0.01mm有机微团聚体和＞0.01mm铁、铝-有机微团聚体所占比例表现为不同程度的提高,＞0.01mm元机微团聚体和钙、镁-有机微团聚体显著下降.免耕10年后,稻田长期垄作免耕土壤表层有机质含量提高,0～10cm土层的有机质含量达47.5g/kg,比常规平作高41.1%,比水旱轮作高51.3%,比试验前增加了89.0%;随着土壤层次的下移,各处理的土壤有机质含量降低.垄作免耕与常规平作和水旱轮作相比,土壤中的氮、磷、钾含量增加,稻田垄作免耕有利于土壤的定向培肥.     

Organic chlorine and chloride in submerged paddy soil: a case study in Anhui province, southeast China

Abstract. Efforts to understand the fate of organochlorine compounds in arable soil have concentrated on anthropogenic compounds, in spite of the fact that organochlorine compounds are both produced and mineralized in soil through natural processes. In order to understand the fate of chlorinated pesticides, it is necessary to take account of the natural chlorine cycle. The present study is a first attempt to illuminate the relationship between the natural chlorine cycle and agricultural practices. The concentration and storage of organic chlorine (Cl_org) and chloride (Cl_inorg) were determined in topsoil of a paddy field compared to an adjacent afforested hill at a sampling site in the Meicun area, Anhui Province, China. The concentration of Cl_org, as well as the chlorine-to-carbon ratio, was significantly lower in the paddy field samples than in the forest soil samples. A weak relationship between the concentration of Cl_org and the organic carbon content was observed in the paddy field, in contrast to the observations made in the adjacent forest soil as well as those made in previous studies, which have suggested a positive correlation between organic carbon content and Cl_org. The similarity between our results at the forest site and the previous studies, which have been carried out in temperate regions, suggests that it is the land use rather than the climate that makes the current paddy soil results different. Our results suggest that the contribution of Cl_org to the paddy soil from above-ground litter and from production within the soil are small or negligible compared with the contribution from pesticide application and wet and dry deposition.