犬病毒性肝炎的诊断与防制

详细闸达了犬病毒性肝炎的发病规律,临床症状,剖检变化以及实验室检查结果,提出了该病的具体防治措施,并介绍了犬病毒性肝炎疫苗,抗血清,康复犬的全血清,丙种球蛋白时预防本病有较好的效果。     

鸭病毒性肝炎鸭胚灭活疫苗的研究

以鸭病毒性肝炎病毒Ⅰ型ATCC毒株接种健康鸭胚,收集致死的全胚组织作制苗材料,用福尔马林灭活,以麸氨酸钠终止其作用。先后试制疫苗11批,在试验室免疫雏鸭71只,经强毒攻击后,总的保护率为90.4％。本疫苗免疫雏鸭3天后可产生较坚强的免疫力,在室温至少可保存11天,在4℃可保存254天。经在江苏、安徽、广东等省推广应用200000头剂,均安全有效,颇受用户欢迎,对控制鸭病毒性肝炎的流行起了重要作用。     

鸡抗鸭病毒性肝炎高免卵黄抗体的研制及应用

应用雏鸭病毒性肝炎病毒（DHV）弱毒疫苗和DHV油乳剂灭活苗多次免疫产蛋鸡，制备鸡抗鸭病毒性肝炎高免卵黄抗体，自制鸭病毒性肝炎病毒高免卵黄抗体的疗效取决于卵黄抗体的中和效价及治疗的时间。实验室试验及临床应用结果表明，卵黄抗体的中和效价应达2^8以上，并且在感染DHV 24h以内对雏鸭进行肌肉注射，治疗效果最为理想。     

Multisystemic bovine mycobacteriosis in a pony with neurological signs and weight loss

This report describes the clinical, biochemical and histopathological findings of a case of disseminated, primary mycobacterial infection with Mycobacterium bovis in a pony presenting with neurological signs and weight loss. This report revisits tuberculosis as a potential differential diagnosis in horses at a time of relatively strong tuberculosis control in the UK and iterates the importance of post‐mortem examination as a diagnostic tool for clinicians. Key public health questions following exposure to mycobacterial pathogens are also discussed.     

交叉中和血清1型和血清3型鸭甲肝病毒单克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

鸭甲型肝炎（duck hepatitis A,DHA）是危害养鸭业的主要疾病之一,是一种雏鸭的急性、高度致死性传染病。本研究旨在研制一种对我国流行的鸭甲型肝炎血清1型（DHAV-1）和血清3型（DHAV-3）病毒具有交叉中和作用的单克隆抗体（monoclonal antibody,McAb）。人工合成12条DHAV-1和DHAV-3的VP1蛋白共有的抗原表位肽,分别与钥孔血蓝蛋白（keyhole limpet hemocyanin,KLH）载体偶联作为免疫抗原,免疫BALB/c小鼠制备McAb。通过检测McAb与DHAV-1和DHAV-3的交叉反应性,测定McAb对病毒增殖的抑制效率、中和效价以及攻毒保护率等来筛选McAb。本研究共获得了12株稳定分泌McAb的杂交瘤细胞株,其中6株（C1、C4、C7、C12、C13、C16）分泌的McAb同时与DHAV-1和DHAV-3发生特异性交叉反应; C1、C4、C7、C16可以抑制DHAV-1和DHAV-3在鸭胚中的增殖,抑制率在75.34%～100.00%不等;对DHAV-1和DHAV-3的中和效价：C1（1：3&1：5）、C4（1：3&1：3）、C7（1：10&1：11）和C16（1：9&1：9）;C7和C16对DHAV-1和DHAV-3攻毒雏鸭的保护率较高,分别为“70%、80%”和“100%、60%”。本研究成功研制出对DHAV-1和DHAV-3具有交叉中和活性的McAb 4株,其中2株对病毒的感染具有良好的预防效果,为DHA的防控提供了新材料和新思路。     

携带猪流行性腹泻病毒S1抗原表位的乙肝核心抗原病毒样颗粒的构建与鉴定

旨在构建以乙肝核心抗原（HBcAg）为载体呈现猪流行性腹泻病毒（PEDV）S1抗原表位的病毒样颗粒。将PEDV S1蛋白中含B细胞表位的270 bp片段插入到HBcAg主要免疫显性区域（MIR）,构建重组质粒pET-32a（+）-HBcAg-PEDV S1,转化到感受态细胞BL21（DE3）中,经IPTG诱导表达,SDS-PAGE鉴定纯化后的重组蛋白,通过透射电镜观察其形态结构。结果显示,成功构建重组质粒pET-32a（+）-HBcAg-PEDV S1,并在BL21（DE3）中以包涵体形式表达,纯化、复性后的重组蛋白经过2%磷钨酸负染后透射电子显微镜检测到病毒样颗粒结构。HBcAg-PEDV S1重组蛋白能够自发形成病毒样颗粒,在原核表达中,乙肝核心抗原可作为载体呈现PEDV S1抗原表位,为今后新型PED疫苗的研究提供了思路。     

Systemic Listeria monocytogenes infection and concurrent pleural mesothelioma in a cat

Herein we describe a rare case of systemic Listeria monocytogenes infection with concurrent pleural mesothelioma in a stray cat that was found dead and submitted for autopsy. Gross pathology changes consisted of thoracic clear yellow fluid admixed with suspended fibrin strands; clear-to-tan, variably sized, <3 mm diameter pulmonary nodules; and enlargement of the submandibular, retropharyngeal, and prescapular lymph nodes. Histologic changes consisted of extensive areas of suppurative inflammation and necrosis with mineralization that partially effaced the pulmonary parenchyma and lymph nodes. Random, distinct necrotic foci were present throughout the hepatic parenchyma. Extending from the pleura, within perinecrotic alveolar spaces, and infiltrating the submandibular, retropharyngeal, and prescapular lymph nodes were dense sheets of neoplastic epithelioid cells with moderate pleomorphism and occasional karyomegaly and multinucleation. Neoplastic cells exhibited immunolabeling for pancytokeratin AE1/AE3 and vimentin, consistent with pleural mesothelioma. Aerobic bacterial culture of lung yielded heavy growth of L. monocytogenes. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for L. monocytogenes revealed clusters of bacteria in the lung, lymph node, and liver. Pathologic changes were consistent with systemic listeriosis, confirmed by bacterial culture and IHC, and concurrent pleural mesothelioma.     

Hepatitis E virus as an emerging zoonotic pathogen

Hepatitis E outbreaks are a serious public health concern in developing countries. The disease causes acute infections, primarily in young adults. The mortality rate is approximately 2%; however, it can exceed 20% in pregnant women in some regions in India. The causative agent, hepatitis E virus (HEV), has been isolated from several animal species, including pigs. HEV genotypes 3 and 4 have been isolated from both humans and animals, and are recognized as zoonotic pathogens. Seroprevalence studies in animals and humans indirectly suggest that HEV infections occur worldwide. The virus is primarily transmitted to humans via undercooked animal meats in developed countries. Moreover, transfusion- and transplantation-mediated HEV infections have recently been reported. This review summarizes the general characteristics of hepatitis E, HEV infection status in animals and humans, the zoonotic transmission modes of HEV, and HEV vaccine development status.     

Hepatitis E virus in Cuba: A cross-sectional serological and virological study in pigs and people occupationally exposed to pigs

Surveillance of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in risk groups is an important strategy to monitor its circulation pattern and to timely detect changes thereof. The aims of this cross-sectional study were to estimate the prevalence of HEV infections in pigs and humans from different regions of the country, to identify risk factors for increasing anti-HEV IgG prevalence and to characterize HEV strains. The presence of anti-HEV antibodies was assessed by commercial ELISA in serum samples from the general population, farm and slaughterhouse employees, as well as pigs sampled in the three regions of Cuba from February to September 2016. Overall, individuals with occupational exposure to swine or swine products (70/248, 28.2%) were 4 times more likely to be seropositive compared to the general population (25/285, 8.7%; OR: 4.18; p < .001). Within the risk group, risk factors included age, number of years working in a professional activity with direct exposure to swine, geographic region and distance between residence and closest professional swine setting, while wearing gloves had a protective effect. Prevalence of total anti-HEV antibodies in swine was 88.2% (165/187) and HEV RNA was detected by real-time RT-PCR in 9.2% (16/173) swine stools. All HEV strains sequenced clustered within genotype 3. Some strains clearly belonged to subtype 3a, while another group of strains was related with subtypes 3b and 3 k but partial HEV sequences did not allow unequivocal subtype assignment. These findings suggest that the high HEV exposure in Cuban individuals with swine-related occupations could be due to enzootic HEV in certain regions, direct contact with infectious animals or their products as well as environmental contamination.     

NO、TNF和IL-2与新型鸭肝炎病毒感染雏鸭肝脑组织损伤的关系

用新型鸭肝炎病毒人工感染9日龄健康樱桃谷雏鸭，对感染后12、24、48、96、168h和14d雏鸭血液、肝和脑组织中一氧化氮（NO）含量，血液中肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）和白细胞介素2（IL-2）含量进行了测定，同时对感染雏鸭的组织病理学变化进行了观察。结果表明．血清中NO含量在接种后48h开始升高，一直持续到接种后96h，接种后7d恢复正常；肝脏组织中NO含量仅在接种后24h与对照组比较显著升高，在其他时间未表现有差异；脑组织中NO含量在整个试验期间没有变化。血清中的TNF和IL-2含量在接种后24h均表现升高，接种后96h降低，其他时间无改变。感染雏鸭的肝组织在接种后24h表现出血性坏死性肝炎变化，接种后48～96h呈增生性病变，而接种后各时期脑组织均呈非化脓性脑炎变化。由此表明，新型鸭肝炎病毒感染可导致雏鸭体内NO、TNF和IL-2发生变化，并且与肝组织损伤、疾病的发生发展有关。