Effects of endothelial progenitor cell-conditioned medium on proliferation and differentiation of type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cells exposed to hyperoxia

AIM: To investigate the effect of hyperoxia exposure on the paracrine function of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), and to explore the effects of paracrine factors of EPCs on the proliferation and differentiation of type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cells (AECⅡ) exposed to hyperoxia. METHODS: Bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells were isolated and cultured in EGM-2MV medium for 7~10 d to obtain and identify EPCs. EPCs were cultured in room air (RA) or 60% O₂. The normoxia EPC-conditioned medium (E-CM-RA) and hyperoxia EPC-conditioned medium (E-CM-O₂) were collected. The levels of VEGF, FGF10, PDGF-BB and EGF in E-CM-RA and E-CM-O₂ were detected by ELISA. AECⅡ from adult rats were isolated, purified and cultured for 2 d, then divided into RA group, O₂ group, O₂+E-CM-RA group and O₂+E-CM-O₂ group. The proliferation of AECⅡ was detected by MTT assay and cell counting. The mRNA expression of SP-C and AQP5 was quantified by real-time PCR. RESULTS: The expression of VEGF and FGF10 in E-CM-O₂ group decreased significantly compared with E-CM-RA group (P<0.01). There were significant differences in AECⅡ viability and number among the 4 groups at 12 h, 24 h, 2 d and 3 d (P<0.01). Compared with RA group, AECⅡ viability and number in O₂ group decreased significantly at 12 h, 24 h, 2 d and 3 d (P<0.05). The AECⅡ viability and number in O₂+E-CM-RA group were significantly higher than those in O₂ group at 12 h, 24 h, 2 d and 3 d (P<0.05). However, no significant difference in AECⅡ viability and number between O₂+E-CM-O₂ group and O₂ group at 12 h, 2 d and 3 d was observed. There were significant differences in the mRNA expression of SP-C and AQP5 in the 4 groups at 24 h, 2 d and 3 d (P<0.01). Compared with RA group, the mRNA expression of SP-C in O₂ group was significantly inhibited (P<0.01), but the mRNA expression of AQP5 was promoted (P<0.01) at 24 h, 2 d and 3 d. Compared with O₂ group, the mRNA level of SP-C in O₂+E-CM-RA group and O₂+E-CM-O₂ group (P<0.05) at 24 h, 2 d and 3 d was increased, and the mRNA expression of AQP5 (P<0.01) at 2 d and 3 d was inhibited.CONCLUSION: EPCs secrete VEGF and FGF10, and hyperoxia impairs this paracrine function. Hyperoxia exposure inhibits AECⅡ proliferation and the mRNA expression of SP-C, but promotes the mRNA expression of AQP5. EPC-conditioned medium improves the proliferation of hyperoxia-exposed AECⅡ, and inhibits the transformation of AECⅡ. Hyperoxia exposure impairs the paracrine function of EPCs, and weakened the effects of E-CM-O₂ on AECⅡ.     

Inactivation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling contributes to the epithelial barrier dysfunction induced by sodium oxalate in canine renal epithelial cells

High oxalate consumption has been recognized as a risk factor for renal calcium oxalate stones in companion animals (dogs and cats). However, the cellular signaling involved in oxalate-induced dysfunction in renal tubular epithelial cells remains not fully elucidated. In this study, Mardin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, an epithelial cell line derived from canine kidney tubule, were tested for cell proliferation activity and barrier function after being exposed to sodium oxalate (NaOx). Further, the involvement of Wnt/β-catenin in NaOx-induced renal epithelial barrier dysfunction was evaluated. MDCK cells treated with NaOx exhibited reduction in cell proliferation and migration. Besides, NaOx exposure led to a decrease in transepithelial electrical resistance and an increase in paracellular permeability. The deleterious effects of NaOx on epithelial barrier function were related to the suppressed abundance of tight junction proteins including zonula occludens, occludin, and claudin-1. Of note, protein levels of β-catenin and phosphorylated (p)-β-catenin (Ser552) in MDCK cells were repressed by NaOx, indicating inhibitory effects on Wnt/β-catenin signaling. An inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) by SB216763 enhanced the abundance of β-catenin and p-β-catenin (Ser552), and protected against epithelial barrier dysfunction in NaOx-treated MDCK cells. The results revealed a critical role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the epithelial barrier function of MDCK cells. Activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling might be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of oxalate-linked renal stones.     

紫锥菊多糖对LPS损伤后IEC-6分泌TNF-αmRNA的影响

[目的]研究紫锥菊多糖(EPS)在内毒素(LPS)损伤小肠上皮细胞(IEC-6)时对肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)表达的影响,以探讨 EPS对损伤细胞的作用机制。[方法]采用 TRIzon试剂提取总RNA,RT-PCR扩增 TNF-α mRNA,琼脂糖凝胶电泳,并进行电泳及图像分析。[结果]50μg/ml EPS 可以部分抑制 LPS 刺激 IEC-6产生的TNF-α mRNA水平,而200、500μg/ml EPS随着浓度的增加,其抑制 TNF-α mRNA的水平逐渐增加;将 IEC-6分别用50、100、200及500μg/ml EPS预处理24 h,然后用10μg/ml LPS刺激达1、4 h,采用 RT-PCR方法分析得, LPS诱导 TNF-α mRNA表达被 EPS有效地抑制,4 h的抑制率高于1 h的抑制率。[结论]EPS通过抑制 LPS刺激细胞分泌 TNF-α mRNA的产生而起到肠道粘膜的保护作用,且 EPS对这种抑制作用具有浓度及时间依赖性。     

CD14沉默的猪小肠上皮细胞系的建立及其对大肠杆菌黏附能力的变化分析

白细胞分化抗原14(cluster of differentiation antigen 14,CD14)在先天性免疫和适应性免疫反应中都发挥重要调控作用,本研究旨在构建猪(Sus scrofa)CD14基因的短发夹RNA (short hairpin RNA,shRNA)干扰载体,包装成慢病毒,转染猪小肠上皮细胞,在细胞水平上进行相关功能探讨.本研究参照CD14基因(GenBank登录号:EF626695.1)全长编码区序列,设计4个靶向猪CD14基因的shRNA干扰序列,将其克隆至慢病毒表达载体质粒中,分别命名为pGLV3-CD14-1、pGLV3-CD14-2、pGLV3-CD14-3和pGLV3-CD14-4,以及阴性对照pGLV3-CD14-NC.包装成功后转染猪小肠上皮细胞系IPEC-J2,利用qRT-PCR检测其干扰效率.选择干扰效率最高的慢病毒进行药筛,获得CD14基因稳定沉默的猪小肠上皮细胞系.大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)黏附实验检测大肠杆菌F18ab和F18ac对CD14基因沉默小肠上皮细胞黏附能力的变化.结果表明,本研究成功构建4个shRNA表达载体,包装成的慢病毒均能降低猪CD14mRNA表达水平,其中pGLV3-CD14-3慢病毒的干扰效果最好,其干扰效率达到94.6％;CD14基因沉默后F18ab对小肠上皮细胞的黏附能力显著增强,而F18ac虽然也有上调,但并未产生显著性差异.研究结果表明,CD14基因沉默后的小肠上皮细胞对大肠杆菌F18ab的黏附能力显著增强,CD14基因可能在小肠上皮细胞抵御大肠杆菌F18ab感染过程中发挥了重要的调控作用.慢病毒介导的CD14沉默的猪小肠上皮细胞系的建立,不仅为在细胞水平研究CD14基因功能提供了有效模型,也为进一步探究其所在的Toll样受体/白介素-1受体(toll-like receptors/interleukin-1 receptor,TLRs/IL-1 R)信号通路在猪肠道病原微生物引起的免疫反应和抵御病原入侵的调控机制奠定了基础.     

牛MEN1基因真核表达载体的构建及其表达分析

多发性内分泌腺瘤致病因子1 (multiple endocrine neoplasia Ⅰ,MEN1)参与乳腺发育与泌乳行为的调控.本研究克隆了牛(Bos taurus) MEN1基因(bMEN1)的全长cDNA,并在不同细胞中检测bMEN1mRNA及其编码蛋白menin的表达情况.根据GenBank中bMEN1基因序列,设计特异性引物,用qRT-PCR方法得到附带EcoR Ⅰ和HindⅢ酶切位点的bMEN1片段,并将其克隆到真核表达载体pcDNA3.1-myc-his(A)中.体外转染物种同源性细胞牛乳腺上皮细胞(bovine mammary gland epithelial cell,MAC-T)和异源性细胞中国仓鼠(Cricetulus barabensis)卵巢细胞(Chinese hamster ovary cells,CHO)、小鼠(Mus musculus)成肌细胞(mouse myoblast cells,C2C12),利用qRT-PCR和Westem blot技术检测转染前后bMEN1 mRNA和蛋白menin的表达.双酶切和基因测序结果表明,成功构建了bMEN1基因的真核表达载体pcDNA3.1-myc-his-bMEN1.所建立的转染体系可以使目的基因bMEN1在3种不同细胞中成功表达mRNA和目的蛋白,转染后24 h都达到最高表达量,并达到极显著水平(P＜0.01),之后逐渐降低.其中,CHO细胞中的转染24 h后bMEN1 mRNA和menin蛋白的表达量分别是对照的28 415倍和5.65倍.本研究建立了bMEN1基因的真核表达载体及其转染体系,能够在不同细胞中成功表达,为体外研究MEN1基因对于乳腺的调节功能及其对于机体代谢的调节机制提供了一种工具和技术体系.     

LPS诱导奶牛子宫内膜上皮细胞氧化损伤模型的建立

[目的]采用脂多糖(LPS)作为刺激源,建立奶牛子宫内膜上皮细胞(BEEC)氧化损伤模型.[方法]体外培养BEEC并进行细胞鉴定,用不同浓度的LPS刺激细胞,在不同时间点用CCK-8法测定细胞存活率,以确定BEEC氧化损伤模型条件.倒置显微镜下观察细胞形态学变化,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率,DCFH-DA检测细胞内活性氧(ROS)含量,比色法检测细胞中的丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT).[结果]与空白对照组相比,当LPS浓度为80μg/mL,作用时间为12 h时,造成细胞损伤,其细胞凋亡率、ROS产生量和MDA含量明显高于对照组,SOD和CAT活性显著低于对照组.[结论]建立奶牛子宫内膜上皮细胞氧化损伤模型的条件为LPS作用浓度80 μg/mL,作用时间12 h.     

绵羊子宫内膜上皮细胞的纯化培养与鉴定

为了探索一种分离纯化绵羊子宫内膜上皮细胞的简便高效方法,本试验采用先组织块培养后消化纯化和直接消化后过筛纯化两种方法对绵羊子宫内膜上皮细胞进行培养、纯化,最后用免疫荧光方法对上述方法得到的细胞进行角蛋白检测从而鉴定上皮细胞纯度。结果表明先组织块培养后消化纯化法可以得到纯度95%,且形态均一、活性良好的绵羊子宫内膜上皮细胞;先消化后过筛纯化法得到的子宫内膜上皮细胞形态良好但是纯度仅为70%,与前一方法相比有待提高。因此,先组织块培养后消化纯化法是获得绵羊子宫内膜上皮细胞的一种简单易行且高效的方法,该方法得到的细胞可以在体外传至3-4代。     

苜蓿黄酮对体外培养的奶牛乳腺上皮细胞增殖与抗氧化的影响

本试验旨在研究不同浓度苜蓿黄酮对体外培养奶牛乳腺上皮细胞增殖与抗氧化的影响。试验利用含不同浓度0 μg/mL(对照组)、25 μg/mL(试验Ⅰ)、50 μg/mL(试验Ⅱ)、75 μg/mL(试验Ⅲ)、100 μg/mL(试验Ⅳ)苜蓿黄酮的培养基进行细胞培养。结果表明,1)细胞培养第3天,各组细胞增殖无显著差异,但第5天试验Ⅱ~Ⅳ组细胞增殖能力极显著高于对照组和试验I组(P<0.01)。2)试验Ⅱ~Ⅳ组一氧化氮(NO)水平明显高于对照组与试验Ⅰ组,且差异极显著(P<0.01)。试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅳ组的乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性显著低于对照组与试验Ⅲ组,且差异极显著(P<0.01),但对照组与试验Ⅲ组差异不显著。3)试验Ⅳ组细胞内过氧化氢酶(CAT)含量极显著高于其他各组(P<0.01),而试验Ⅲ组丙二醛(MDA)含量极显著低于其他各组(P<0.01);试验Ⅱ和Ⅲ组的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活性极显著高于其他各组(P<0.01),而各处理组细胞的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量差异不显著。4)试验Ⅱ和Ⅲ组细胞p53、Caspase-3、SOCS3和STAT1基因的相对表达量极显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。因此,苜蓿黄酮能够促进体外培养奶牛乳腺上皮细胞的增殖,提高细胞抗氧化的能力,抑制细胞凋亡,其中添加浓度为75 μg/mL组效果最好。     

油酸和硬脂酸对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞中脂肪酸结合蛋白3表达和脂滴分泌的影响

为确定外源添加长链脂肪酸油酸和硬脂酸对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞中脂肪酸结合蛋白3（FABP3）表达的影响,本试验采用荧光定量RT-PCR检测乳脂合成相关基因的表达情况,确定油酸和硬脂酸的最佳浓度和培养时间分别为75 μmol/L 12 h和100 μmol/L 36 h。采用Western blotting和免疫荧光法检测添加油酸和硬脂酸后FABP3表达和脂滴分泌的情况,为进一步揭示FABP3在乳脂合成信号转导通路中的作用提供理论依据。     

Gene expression study of two widely used pig intestinal epithelial cell lines: IPEC-J2 and IPI-2I

The intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) play an important role in the immune system of swine, protecting against infectious and non-infectious environmental insults. The IEC participate in the innate immune response of the intestine through different mechanisms such as barrier function, mucus secretion, antibacterial peptide synthesis and participation in the cytokine/chemokine networks.Most of the current knowledge of intestinal cell functions has come from studies conducted on cell cultures generated from human cancers or from classical animal models. However, because the molecular and cellular elements of the immune system have been selected over evolutionary time in response to the species-specific environment, models of immune function based on mouse and human need to be applied cautiously in pig. Few models of swine small intestine epithelium exist and these are poorly characterised. In the present study we characterised the basal expression of epithelial and immune-related genes of two pig small intestine cell lines, IPEC-J2 and IPI-2I, under different culture conditions. These data represent essential background information for future studies on pig-intestinal pathogen interactions.