鲤鱼冻藏期间品质变化的研究

以新鲜鲤鱼为原料,采用复合蒸煮袋(PE BOPP复合材料)包装,镀冰衣和未镀冰衣两种处理,在 18C冻藏5个月内,对样品进行感官检验、含水量测定、鱼肉pH值、总挥发性盐基氮的测定。结果表明,新鲜 切段鲤鱼块包装后,在-18C,镀冰衣鱼体可冻藏130d,未镀冰衣鱼块品质下降较快,仅可冻藏70 d。     

氨氮对福瑞鲤鳃和肝组织抗氧化能力的影响

[目的]研究氨氮对鲤幼鱼不同组织抗氧化能力的影响,进一步阐明氨氮的毒理机制.[方法]以福瑞鲤幼鱼为研究对象,设置对照组(0 mg/L)、低浓度(10 mg/L)氨氮胁迫组、中浓度(20 mg/L)氨氮胁迫组、高浓度(30 mg/L)氨氮胁迫组,分别在试验的6、24、48和96h取样,研究氨氮胁迫对福瑞鲤肝和鳃组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)的影响.[结果]氨氮胁迫6h诱导福瑞鲤幼鱼鳃组织SOD活性迅速显著升高,而肝组织中SOD活性在氨氮胁迫24h显著升高.随着氨氮胁迫时间的延长,肝和鳃组织中SOD活性和总抗氧化能力都呈现降低的趋势,鳃组织中这种变化更为明显.氨氮胁迫过程中,鳃和肝组织总抗氧化能力与SOD活性呈现同样的变化趋势,说明细胞总抗氧化能力与SOD活性呈一定的相关性.[结论]氨氮胁迫诱导福瑞鲤幼鱼肝和鳃组织中SOD活性和总抗氧化能力改变,鳃组织中SOD活性可作为监测氨氮毒性的有效生物标志物.     

异育银鲫系列养殖技术及其生物学特性的研究

为改变江淮地区以花白鲢为主体的传统池塘养殖结构,增加优质鱼放养比重,提高产量及经济效益,我们于1984-1988年间对异育银鲫系列养殖技术及其生物学特性进行了研究,找出池塘主混养异育银鲫系列养殖技术的主要参数.通过相关的生物学测定证实,异育银鲫生长速度比白鲫快0.44倍,比本地鲫快1.02-1.52倍;其肉质营养丰富,食性杂,适应性强,疾病少,容易养殖,是适合我省推广的底层鱼种.     

成都平原主养草鱼·搭配鲫鱼池塘底泥中的细菌群落结构分析

[目的]分析成都平原主养草鱼、搭配鲫鱼池塘底泥中的细菌群落结构。[方法]通过构建细菌16SrRNA基因克隆文库,对阳性克隆子进行多样性分析和构建系统发育树。[结果]依据97％序列相似性划分OUT,所构建的文库共获得171个克隆子,并划分为14个OTUs（操作分类单元）,其多样性指数Shannon（日）和优势度指数Simpson（D）分别为2．12和7．15,丰富度指数Schaol和Schaol均为16。池塘底泥中主要的细菌类群为：梭杆菌门（24％）、变形菌门（55％）、浮霉菌门（10．5％）、绿弯菌门（5．9％）、拟杆菌门（2．3％）、放线菌门（1．8％）和厚壁菌门（0．6％）o[结论]Cetobacterium、Prolixibacter、Rhodocyclus、Candidate、Planctomycetacia、Thiocapsa、Desulfomicrobium和Sterolibacterium等属菌在脱氮除磷、降低硫化物、降解有机质等发挥重要作用。池塘底泥既是水生态系统修复功能菌的资源库,但也存在着Xanthomonas等致病性和功能未知的细菌库。     

Effect of pig dung on water quality and polyculture of carp species during winter and summer

Theeffect of pig dung, as pond manure [at 18 and 36 tha^–1 yr^–1] and as fish feed ingredient[replacing traditional diet composed of solvent extracted rice bran and mustardcake (1:1) at 25, 50, 75 and 100% levels], was observed on water quality, pondproductivity and survival and growth of carp in polyculture system during winter(12–18 °C) and summer (18–36 °C)months. The studies on water quality parameters viz pH, dissolved oxygen andalkalinity revealed that pig dung even at higher levels (both as manure and /oras feed ingredient) did not deteriorate the quality of water, as all the waterparameters remained within the optimum ranges required for carps. The nutrient(phosphates and nitrates) status of water was significantly better in pondsreceiving pig dung as pond manure at 36 tha^–1 yr^–1. Pond productivity in terms ofplankton production (phyto and zooplankton) was also significantly higher innutrient rich water (36 tha^–1 yr^–1) both during winter andsummer. Further, in all the ponds (including control) phytoplankton levels weresignificantly higher during winter and zooplankton was higher during summer. Thestudies revealed 100% survival of all the fish species in all the treatments.During winter, the growth of carp was higher in treatments where pig dung wasused as feed ingredient (at 25% level), whereas during summer growth was higherwhere pig dung was used either as pond manure and/or as feed ingredient (athigher levels). Further, among carps, the growth of Indian major carps vizCatla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinamrigala was higher during summer and that of exotic carps vizCyprinus carpio and Ctenophayrengodonidella was higher during winter.     

The in vitro effect of CpG-ODNs on the innate immune response of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L.

Unmethylated CpG dinucleotides within bacterial DNA or synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) can activate immune cells. A panel of synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides was evaluated in vitro for their ability to enhance the innate immune response of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). In vitro addition of CpG-ODNs enhanced the phagocytic activity and superoxide anion production of stimulated kidney phagocytes. The CpG-ODNs also induced lymphocyte proliferation in the fish kidney cells. The ODNs containing multiple CpGs generally resulted in greater stimulatory capacity, although CpGs located at the terminus of an ODN were ineffective. These results indicated that CpG-ODNs enhance the innate immune response of common carp.     

鲤鱼肺炎克雷伯氏菌分离与鉴定

初步了解肺炎克雷伯氏菌在鲤鱼鱼体中的发病机制并筛选防治药物,为预防和治疗该病提供准确实验数据。对发病鲤鱼进行细菌分离纯化,通过革兰氏染色反应,生理生化反应测定单菌落特性,进行细菌回归试验和药敏试验。对注射菌液后发病的鱼进行细菌再分离,得到革兰氏阴性菌,并且与七叶苷及其它17种指标反应呈阳性,与戊二酰-甘氨酸-精氨酸-AMC及其它11种指标反应呈阴性,注射该菌液48 h后鱼体出现与疑似病例相同病症。分离得到的细菌,按《伯杰氏细菌鉴定手册》进行鉴定,确定为肺炎克雷伯氏菌。药敏试验结果表明该菌对亚胺培南等6种药物高度敏感。本试验首次从鲤鱼体内分离出肺炎克雷伯氏菌,并得到6种高度敏感的药物,同时阐明了肺炎克雷伯氏菌在鲤鱼中发病症状。     

氨电极在鳙鱼和鲢鱼鲜度质量评定上的应用

本研究选用Orion95-12型氨电极对在-3℃、0℃和5℃保藏过程中的鳙鱼和鲢鱼鲜度质鼙进行测定，同时与康维(Conway)法测定结果进行比较，考察这两种方法测定结果的相互关系。研究中也将上述两种理化测定方法与细菌学测定方法进行对比，进一步验证其相互关系。研究结果表明各批样品用氨电极法测定的粗氨氮值与Conway’s法测定的挥发性盐基氮值相关系数在0.9521～0.9895之间，相关极显著；而理化指标与细菌学指标的相关系数在0.8143～0.9178之间，相关也显著。氨电极法具有测定结果可靠、设备规模小、价格便宜、操作简便和测定速度快等优点。推荐此法作为生产现场或研究机构对鱼类鲜度质量进行控制的检测方法。     

新品种高寒鲤的选育

从１９７９年开始，用了约１５年时间，采用杂交和雌核发育上结合的方法，成本地将黑龙江野鲤的耐低温，荷包红鲤耐高密度养殖和镜鲤生长快等优良性状综合到三杂交种中，建立了Ⅰ，Ⅱ两个选育系，再用它们与野鲤和镜鲤回交，从６个回交种中选出２个与Ⅰ，Ⅱ两个雌核发育系组合成合成系并系统选育到Ｆ７，育成抗寒力达９７．６％，生长速度比当地养殖鲤快近一倍的高寒鲤。     

鲤鱼急性喹乙醇中毒的病理学研究

试验对鲤鱼进行了喹乙醇急性中毒的病理学研究。喹乙醇对鲤鱼 (60± 5g)口服给药的LD50 为 :32 4 9 4mg/kg体重。中毒鱼表现出特征性的“应激性出血症” ,鳍条基部、嘴部和腹部充血、出血发红 ,肠道排出白色半透明粘液便 ,临死前出现明显的神经症状。病理组织学上 ,肝脂肪变性或水泡变性及凝固性坏死 ,肾上腺空泡变性 ,肠呈卡他性肠炎 ,肾小管上皮细胞、心肌纤维空泡变性 ;鳃小片水肿 ,上皮增生、变性、坏死和脱落。超微结构上 ,心肌、肝和肾小管上皮细胞的线粒体肿胀 ,嵴断裂、溶解 ,肝细胞内糖原颗粒减少。中毒早期肠上皮微绒毛断裂 ,脱落 ,随着病程的发展肠上皮细胞变性、坏死、脱落。