银屑胶囊联合阿维A胶囊治疗寻常性银屑病临床疗效和安全性的Meta分析

目的 系统评价银屑胶囊联合阿维A胶囊治疗寻常性银屑病的临床疗效和安全性。方法 检索数据库包括：PubMed、Embase、Cochrane图书馆、中国生物医学文献数据库、中国知网、维普、万方数据库等,关键词采用"疗效"银屑胶囊"和"银屑病",定年限为2000年1月至2018年12月,由两位研究者按照纳入排除标准独立筛选文献,进行文献质量评估和数据提取,结果采用Rev Man 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果 共纳入7篇文献,共涉及660例患者。Meta分析结果显示,在有效性方面,银屑胶囊联合阿维A胶囊治疗寻常性银屑病的临床疗效优于单用阿维A胶囊,其60 d治愈率和60 d有效率的OR值分别为：2.21（95% CI：1.53~3.17）和2.66（95% CI：1.86~3.79）;在PASI评分方面,银屑胶囊联合阿维A胶囊治疗寻常性银屑病的PASI评分低于单用阿维A胶囊（SMD=-0.93,95% CI：-1.23~-0.62）;在血清炎症因子指标方面,银屑胶囊联合阿维A胶囊治疗寻常性银屑病的血清炎症因子IL-4、IL-10水平均高于单用阿维A胶囊：IL-4（SMD=0.83,95% CI：0.01,1.66）,IL-10（SMD=0.56,95% CI：0.28,0.84）;在安全性方面,除了鼻出血外,银屑胶囊联合阿维A胶囊治疗寻常性银屑病的眼干、皮肤干燥、毛囊炎、转氨酶升高、高脂血症等不良反应发生率均显著低于单用阿维A胶囊的情况。结论 银屑胶囊联合阿维A胶囊治疗寻常性银屑病安全有效,然而,确切结论有待于更多的高质量、多中心、大规模的随机对照研究证实。     

针刺治疗脑卒中后吞咽障碍临床疗效的系统评价

目的 采用Meta分析评价针刺与其他常规方法治疗脑卒中后吞咽障碍的临床疗效。方法 计算机检索建库至2018年12月中国期刊全文数据库、万方数据库、维普数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed数据库中针刺治疗脑卒中后吞咽障碍的临床随机对照研究,并辅以人工检索湖南中医药大学图书馆的过刊资料库,制定文献纳入及排除标准,提取资料,评价纳入文献的质量,利用Revman 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果 共纳入28篇文献,病例数2 557例。Meta分析结果提示治疗组对吞咽障碍的总有效率优于对照组（Z=12.51,P<0.000 01）,且治疗组在改善MBI评分、SWAL-QOL评分方面优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;但治疗组在改善患者肺部感染情况上无明显优势,与治疗组差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 针刺治疗脑卒中后吞咽障碍可提高现代康复治疗的临床疗效,有助于改善患者日常生活活动能力和生活质量,但由于本研究纳入的文献数量和质量存在不足,仍需进一步研究予以证实。     

Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among animals in Algeria: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic parasite that can infect all warm-blooded animals. It is responsible for considerable economic losses in some regions and farming systems. This review aims to synthesize current findings on the prevalence and risk factors associated with T. gondii infection in animal species in Algeria. It was performed according to the recommendations of the PRISMA guideline. A total of 14 papers from 1955 to 2020 were eligible to be included in this systematic review and meta-analysis study including a number of 10,187 animals of which 2594 were positive cases (25.46 %) (24.62–26.31 %, 95 %CI). Prevalence of Toxoplasma-infection was 20.04 % in cattle, 22.57 % in sheep, 33.61 % in goats, 28.17 % in horses, 30 % in donkeys, 70.31 % in stray cats, 14.57 % in local rabbits, 30.47 % in dogs and 50.70 % in poultry farms. Adult animals and females were most infected. The highest prevalences were reported in stray cats and poultry. Rabbits were the least infected. This analysis showed a trend of increasing infection since 2015 (R² = 0.129, p > 0.05) which requires further studies to provide better prevention strategies.     

免耕对土壤微生物量碳影响的Meta分析

为综合分析免耕(NT)对土壤微生物碳含量的影响程度,以常规耕作(CT)为对照,收集国内外关于免耕对土壤微生物碳研究已公开发表的41篇文献的田间试验数据162组,采用Meta数据整合分析方法,定量分析中国不同区域、气候类型和试验年限下,免耕对于中国农田土壤微生物碳含量的影响。结果表明,与常规耕作相比,免耕能显著提高土壤微生物碳的含量,免耕-常规耕作(NT-CT)的加权均数差值(WMD)为49.29 mg·kg^-1;免耕对土壤中微生物碳含量的影响存在区域差异性,西南地区WMD最大,湿润区(年降雨量>800 mm)免耕对土壤微生物碳含量的正效应最显著;年均温度10~15℃和年均温度>15℃时,免耕土壤中微生物碳含量显著高于常规耕作,且随着温度的升高而增加;免耕年限能够显著影响土壤微生物碳含量,以长期免耕(免耕年限≥8 a)效果最佳。综上,免耕对土壤微生物碳的增加效应存在区域特征,以西南地区最高,随着区域水热条件、免耕年限的不同有所差异,免耕措施的采用应该根据区域特点因地制宜。本研究结果为免耕的区域性合理利用提供了参考依据。     

Meta分析法研究亚麻籽对蛋黄中多不饱和脂肪酸的影响

为研究蛋鸡日粮中添加亚麻籽对蛋黄中多不饱和脂肪酸富集的影响,根据相关标准,采用人工和系统的检索方法检索相关文章,并用荟萃分析(Meta-analysis)的方法分析计算合并标准均数差(SMD)及95%置信区间(95%CI)。通过检索与筛选,共有8篇文章21个试验被纳入,共包括1390个研究对象。Meta分析的结果显示:蛋黄中亚麻酸(ALA)、二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)、亚油酸(LA)、总n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(n-3PUFA)、花生四烯酸(AA)、总n-6多不饱和脂肪酸(n-6PUFA)、n-6PUFA/n-3PUFA的SMD和95%CI分别为17.51(13.34,21.69)、5.39(4.22,6.55)、0.42(-0.39,1.23)、8.86(7.59,10.14)、-1.62(-2.54,-0.70)、-0.44(-0.97,0.08)和-5.22(-6.62,-3.82);混合线性模型的结果显示:DHA和n-3PUFA的异质性来源为亚麻籽添加剂量,蛋黄中ALA、AA、LA和n-6PUFA/n-3PUFA的异质性来源为亚麻籽的添加剂量和蛋鸡产蛋周龄。由分析结果可知,蛋鸡日粮中添加亚麻籽能显著提高蛋黄中的ALA、DHA及n-3PUFA的含量并能显著降低AA和n-6PUFA/n-3PUFA的水平,且富集水平受到亚麻籽添加剂量和蛋鸡产蛋周龄的影响。     

玉米磷素相关根系性状Meta-QTL及候选基因发掘

以玉米高密度遗传连锁图谱IBM2 2008 Neighbors为参考图谱,收集来自不同实验中的175个玉米磷素相关根系数量性状位点(QTL)信息,利用Biomercator 2.1软件,构建玉米磷相关根系QTL整合图谱。采用元分析技术,在10条染色体上发掘出26个与磷相关根系性状"一致性"QTL(MQTL),图距范围在0.8~14.3 c M之间,除第2、5、8号染色体外,其余染色体上均检测到2~4个MQTL。根据MQTL区间两端标记在玉米物理图谱Ref Gen_v2上的位置,将MQTL进行物理图谱定位,单个MQTL所在物理图谱上的图距范围在0.1~9.1 Mb。在MQTL 1、2、4、8、11、12、15、18、20、22中检测到15个与磷素吸收利用以及根系性状的候选基因。     

玉米氮、磷、钾、水和二氧化碳资源积累与利用的Meta分析

按照Meta分析原理,汇集近年来的玉米田间试验数据共722组,进行稳健统计、梯度和等值线分析。氮、磷、钾、水和二氧化碳共5个数据集的玉米产量中位数变化在7.91~10.61 t/hm2之间,生产百公斤玉米子粒N、P2O5、K2O、CO2、H2O的资源需求量分别为1.98、0.85、2.12、298.8 kg和44.2 m3。产量偏导数比值(资源利用效率的偏导数/积累量的偏导数)有3种表现,水与氮归为一类,产量偏导数比值大多数都在1/2以下,少数值为1,说明在大多数情况下,积累量的增产作用是资源利用效率的2倍以上,少数情况下二者作用相当;钾与磷为一类,产量偏导数比值以1最多,1/2和2次之,说明以资源利用效率和积累量的作用相当为主,但是,也有不少利用效率的作用是积累量的2倍以上,或者相反;二氧化碳绝大多数产量偏导数比值在2以上,较少部分的值为1,说明在绝大多数情况下资源利用效率的增产作用是积累量的2倍以上,少数情况下二者作用相当。当代玉米百公斤子粒的资源需求量明显下降,资源积累(消耗)量和利用效率对产量的相对重要性因二者组合所处的区域而异,不同资源因子对产量的作用格局不同。     

基于元分析的大豆含硫氨基酸相关基因挖掘与信息学分析

提高含硫氨基酸组分是大豆品质改良的重要目标之一。本文借助Consensus Map 4.0高密度大豆遗传图谱,整合了33个含硫氨基酸QTL,并采用元分析方法,确定了8个含硫氨基酸Meta-QTL。通过QTL序列共线性区间分析,在Meta-QTL内筛选到7条用于候选基因发掘的基因组序列。利用基因功能注释,得到16个含硫氨基酸相关基因,包括6个氨基酸合成途径酶基因、1个11S大豆球蛋白A5A4B3亚基基因及9个调控基因。其中调控基因分别编码F-Box、PPR及转录因子3种蛋白。13个基因在NCBI数据库中分别有表达谱及SNP信息。大豆含硫氨基酸候选基因分析,可以为功能标记的开发和分子辅助育种提供有用信息。     

A meta-analysis on effects of supplementing low-quality roughages with foliages from browses and tree fodders on intake and growth in sheep

A meta-analysis of data obtained from previous studies was conducted to understand the responses of foliage supplementation on intakes of basal DM (BDMI) and total DM (TDMI), and daily gain (ADG). Thirty-four published studies containing 223 treatments and 1127 sheep met criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Major predictive variables considered were percentages of foliages in diet (SD), CP in foliages (PS), NDF in foliages (FS), NDF in forages (FB), CP in basal roughages (PB), CP in diet (PD) and foliage CP intake (SPI). TDMI (g/d) increased quadratically (P < 0.001) with increasing PS, FS, SPI (R² = 0.66), PB, SD (R² = 0.58) and PD (R² = 0.73). The maximal response of TDMI were 778 g/d at 42% of SD, 894 g/d at 19.8% PD, 893 g/d at 148 g/d SPI and 749 g/d at 26.4% PS (P < 0.001; R² = 0.58, 0.73, 0.66, and 0.37, respectively). BDMI increased quadratically with increasing SD, PD and PB, but decreased quadratically (P < 0.001) with increasing PS (P < 0.001; R² = 0.07). The breakpoint of BDMI was 570 g/d at 6.58% of PD in the diet (P < 0.001, R² = 0.28). Overall, BDMI responded at very low level of SD in the diet, peaking at 7.6% SD with BDMI of 572 g/d (P < 0.001, R² = 0.72). However, when PB was less than 3%, the maximal BDMI was 489 g/d at foliage levels of 25.7%. When PB was between 3 and 6%, maximal BDMI was at 13% of foliage in the diet and the basal forage intake of 597 g/d; whereas, BDMI decreased linearly with SD when PB was greater than 6%. BDMI (g/d) decreased quadratically when foliage CP percentages were lesser than 10%, but increased quadratically with PS when foliage CP percentages were greater than 10%. ADG responded positively and quadratically to PS, SPI, SD, PD and TDMI (g/d) and the relationships were moderate to high. However, ADG (g/d) decreased linearly with increasing FS (P < 0.001, R² = 0.35). The maximal ADG was 42 g/d at 43% of SD, 41 g/d at 9.4% PD, 42 g/d at 53 g/d SPI, 35 g/d at 25% PS and 46 g/d at TDMI of 889 g/d (P < 0.001; R² = 0.74, 0.84, 0.74, 0.29 and 0.74, respectively). It is concluded that the interactions of quality and quantity of foliage supplements and quality of basal forages affect intakes of basal and total DM, and growth in sheep.