红花月见草快繁灭菌及丛芽增殖条件研究

以红花月见草茎段为外植体,探讨其最佳灭菌条件及丛芽增殖条件。结果表明,最适的灭菌条件为0.1%HgCl2灭菌7 min;最适的增殖培养基为MS＋1.5 mg·L-1 6-BA＋0.15 mg·L-1 NAA。     

基于层次分析法的面制主食杀菌及包装生产线设计与试验

为适应面制主食工业化生产,保证主食流通过程中的质量,研制可集成于面制主食工业化生产线末端的复合杀菌包装生产线。依据面制主食贮藏特性及流通过程中变质的影响因素,结合食品保鲜包装的技术与方法,确定面制主食杀菌包装生产线由主食干燥、复合杀菌和包装三大功能装置组成。在设计方案时采用层次分析法,选择主食杀菌包装生产线上所用食品干燥、杀菌保鲜技术方案,并设计生产线的物料流程。优选的结果为,干燥采用红外线干燥,复合杀菌方式为低温、紫外线和臭氧相结合,包装采用接缝式裹包,且整条生产线可程序化控制,实现杀菌时间、紫外线照度、臭氧浓度和温度的实时调节,为主食品工业化生产提供杀菌包装装备。利用该设备对馒头进行复合杀菌试验,结果表明馒头的色泽和质构均优于自然放置的馒头,经杀菌包装后的馒头在温度4℃,相对湿度为50%~70%的环境中贮存20 d其菌落总数为3.5 lg(CFU/g),达到预定20 d的保质期。研究结果为面制主食工业化生产及复合杀菌包装装备设计提供参考。     

麒麟菜即食风味食品杀菌技术研究

通过对麒麟菜多种杀菌工艺进行探讨,比较不同杀菌条件对麒麟莱风味食品外观、口感、质量的影响。结果表明：过氧化氢溶液对麒麟菜杀菌有显著效果,0．3％浓度过氧化氢杀菌10min为其最佳杀菌工艺,经处理的产品杀菌效果符合要求,感官品质令人满意;醋酸对麒麟菜即食食品杀菌结果表明,2．5％浓度醋酸杀菌40min,可以达到理想的效果;紫外线杀菌20min,杀菌效果较明显,相对于产品的感官影响较小。     

樱桃番茄清洗杀菌工艺优化

清洗杀菌可提高樱桃番茄的食用安全和商业价值,使得樱桃番茄外观口味俱佳、保存期更长、好果质量分数更高,该研究以宁夏樱桃番茄为试验对象,利用多槽自动输送式蔬菜清洗机和次氯酸杀菌消毒制备设备进行清洗和杀菌,通过清洗杀菌试验的测试结果来确定合理的清洗和杀菌工艺参数。试验结果表明:清洗机清洗樱桃番茄单槽喂入量最大值为15kg;清洗用时170s即可达到理想的清洗效果,洗净质量分数可达99.3%;杀菌水有效氯浓度为100μg/mL,消毒时间为85s,可使樱桃番茄表面菌落总数降低1.128个对数值;用有效氯质量100μg/mL次氯酸杀菌水清洗后的果实,在10℃的冷库环境保存下,18d后好果质量分数仍能达到77%。本研究结果可为工业化生产中樱桃番茄清洗杀菌工艺的提供参考。     

脉冲强光对熟地瓜干杀菌效果及品质的影响

脉冲强光可以有效地杀灭熟地瓜干表面污染菌,20 s处理可使大肠杆菌数量降低5个数量级;25 s处理熟地瓜干的感官品质(色泽、气味、质地、味道)没有显著变化;理化品质(总糖含量、蛋白质含量)变化率都不超过0.30%;在3个杀菌工艺参数中,闪照时间对熟地瓜干杀菌效果和理化品质的影响最大.     

杀菌温度与时间对果奶饮料稳定性及保存期的影响研究

通过试验研究了杀菌温度与杀菌时间对调配型果奶饮料稳定性及保存期的影响。结果表明，当采用ＮａＨ２ＰＯ４及ＣＭＣ作为稳定剂，控制杀菌温度在７０～８０℃，时间１０～２０ｍｉｎ时，果奶稳定性较好，感官指标符合国家乳饮料质量要求，对风味影响不大，且保存期长。     

影响罐头低温杀菌效果的研究

本文针对甜酸薤头罐头的几种包装材料，杀菌方式及杀菌温度和时间进行试验。结果表明，以１５１７３＾＃涂料马口铁罐为包装材料，在８５℃，７分钟条件下，采用卧式滚动杀菌方式所制得的甜酸薤头罐头质量最佳。     

土壤灭菌对大豆的增产效果及其机理探讨

溴甲烷土壤灭菌使正茬大豆增产 1 2 .6 7% ,重茬大豆增产 37.2 5% ,差异显著。增产的机理在于 :灭菌部分消除了土壤中有害生物及分泌物和分解产物的影响 ,为大豆根系生长创造了适宜的微生态环境 ,大豆出苗率高 ,病株率低 ,成株数多 ;根腐病指降低 ,根系寄生孢囊数减少 ,植株生长健壮 ,细胞分解产物及渗出物减少 ,光合作用增强 ,大豆粒多饱满     

Original Papers: Manganese toxicity of melon plants growing on an isolated soil bed after steam sterilization

(Jpn. J. Soil Sci.Plant Nutr., 77, 257–263, 2006)

The symptom of blighted leaves was observed for the melon plants grown on an isolated soil bed after steam sterilization (SS) in a greenhouse in Kochi Prefecture, Japan. To clarify the causes of this symptom, soil and plant analyses were conducted in the first experiment. Manganese concentrations in the leaves with the symptom were higher than 1,000 mg kg?1and exchangeable Mn in the soil was higher than 30 mg kg?1, which indicated the observed symptom was due to Mn excess. In the second experiment, formation of Mn oxide-dissolving substances after SS was examined for several organic amendments, because large amounts of palm chips had been supplied to the soil before SS in the first experiment. As a treatment similar to SS, palm chips, bark compost, and cattle feces manure were autoclaved. The water extracts were collected before and after the autoclave treatment and the Mn oxide-dissolving capacities of the extracts were evaluated. The Mn oxide-dissolving capacity of the water extracts after SS was remarkably higher than before SS, and the value was highest in palm chips, and followed by bark compost, and cattle feces manure. Fractionation and HPLC analysis of the water extracts after SS revealed that the main substance behind Mn oxide reduction in palm tips was arabinose and that in bark manure was malic acid. Further, Mn oxide-dissolving capacities of the water extracts were almost completely explained by the amounts of arabinose or malic acid found in these materials. From these results, it was considered that reducing substances such as arabinose were released by SS from the palm chips which had been applied in large quantity before SS and these reducing substances dissolved the soil Mn oxides and increased the amounts of available Mn, which led to the occurrence of Mn toxicity to the plants.