辐照预处理促进玉米秸秆酶解糖化

以~(60)Co为辐照源,研究了0～2 000 kGy不同辐照剂量处理对玉米秸秆水解及酶解还原糖产量的影响,采用DNS法测定样品中水溶性还原糖的含量,探讨了辐照剂量与还原糖生成量的关系。结果表明,较高剂量的辐照对玉米秸秆有明显的降解糖化作用,经1200,1600,2000kGy剂量辐照后,玉米杆和玉米叶的还原糖含量分别提高了69.88%和445.63%;辐照后玉米秸秆易于酶解,随着辐照剂量的增大,酶解产糖量显著增加;在较高剂量下,辐照一酶解复合降解玉米秸秆效果优于单一的辐照处理和单一酶处理;辐照后的玉米秆和玉米叶经酶解处理,其还原糖含量分别增加了16.63%～184.13%和8.49%～228.45%,提高了纤维素原料的利用率。     

酶解金枪鱼头蛋白制备羟基自由基清除物的研究

用5种蛋白酶(木瓜蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、typsin、pepsin以及Alcalase 2.4L)分别酶解金枪鱼头蛋白,以羟基自由基清除率为指标,筛选出羟基自由基清除力最强的是Alcalase 2.4L的酶解液,通过响应面试验优化Alcalase2.4L最佳酶解条件为:酶解时间340 min,酶解温度54℃,加酶量0.38%,该条件下酶解液的羟基自由基清除率最佳,为63.67%。     

复合酶解大豆蛋白工艺的研究

以大豆蛋白为原料,采用复合蛋白酶Protamex与木瓜蛋白酶酶解,并通过单因素和正交试验分析。结果表明,Protamex酶与木瓜蛋白酶配比为6∶4,pH值为7.0,底物质量分数为5%,酶解时间为8 h,温度为60℃且水解度达到34.59%,为最佳酶解工艺。     

不同温度处理对乳苣种子萌发生理生化的影响

为了解温度对乳苣种子萌发以及种子萌发过程中贮藏物质和各种酶的变化情况,开展了不同温度对乳苣种子萌发以及贮藏物质变化规律的研究。结果表明：变温能够有效提高乳苣种子的发芽率,最适变温为15/30 ℃,发芽率可达54.45%;乳苣种子萌发过程中,种子内含物质利用在时间上存在差异,碳水化合物动员较快,脂肪、蛋白质水解相对较慢。乳苣种子萌发过程中,其碳水化合物的代谢主要归因于α-淀粉酶的水解,且α-淀粉酶的活性与种子萌发率呈正相关;乳苣种子萌发过程中,TCA及PPP同时存在,PPP对乳苣种子萌发起主导地位。     

牛不同生长发育时期卵泡AKP酶与G-6-P酶的活性变化

用组织化学方法观察了AKP酶(碱性磷酸酶)和G-6-P酶(葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶)在牛各生长发育时期卵泡的活性变化.结果表明:不同发育时期的卵泡数量与AKP酶和G-6-P酶活性反应阳性之关系极为显著,其中有腔卵泡的酶活性反应显示之数量多于腔前卵泡;但G-6-P酶活性反应之阴性卵泡显著多于阳性卵泡.AKP酶活性强于G-6-P酶.腔前卵泡酶活性位置显示之主要在颗粒细胞和卵母细胞上,而有腔卵泡酶活性位置则主要在内膜细胞上.     

胰蛋白酶酶解鹿血条件的优化

研究了胰蛋白酶对鹿血的酶解作用,以酶解产物对超氧阴离子自由基和羟基自由基清除能力为指标,分析了酶浓度(酶∶蛋白)、底物浓度(鹿血∶水)、pH值、酶解时间和酶解温度等因素对酶解反应的影响.结果表明,最佳酶解条件是酶浓度为8%,底物浓度(鹿血∶水)为1∶3,pH值为7.5,酶解时间为3 h,酶解温度为55℃.在此条件下酶解产物对超氧阴离子自由基和羟基自由基清除率分别可达91.63%和94.32%.     

不同乳酸菌亚油酸异构酶酶学性质的比较

对不同乳酸菌菌种中提取出的亚油酸异构酶进行了酶学性质的比较。结果表明,嗜酸乳杆菌CGMCC1.1854亚油酸异构酶的最适p H为6.5,最适温度为30℃,以亚油酸为底物时酶的米氏常数Km为18.99mmo L·L-1,Vmax为1.58μg·m L-1·min-1;植物乳杆菌CGMCC 1.557亚油酸异构酶的最适p H为6.5,最适温度为45℃,以亚油酸为底物时酶的米氏常数Km为14.83 mmo L·L-1,Vmax为1.75μg·m L-1·min-1;植物乳杆菌3-9亚油酸异构酶的最适p H为6.5,最适温度为45℃,以亚油酸为底物时酶的米氏常数Km为14.26 mmo L·L-1,Vmax为1.94μg·m L-1·min-1。     

蚯蚓蛋白酶解工艺及其产物分析

采用Asl.398枯草蛋白酶制备蚯蚓肽,通过单因素与正交试验设计(L9(34)),以氨基氮数,多肽浓度为衡量指标,对最佳酶条件进行筛选研究,并分析了酶解液氨基酸含量和相对分子量的分布。结果表明:最佳酶解条件为pH 6.5、酶浓度为1%、温度50℃反应、时间8 h,在此条件下,酶解蚯蚓蛋白的水解液氨基氮数可以达到16.55 mmol/100 mL,水解液多肽浓度达9.22 mg/mL,酶解液分子量大部分是在5 000以下的多肽、小肽及氨基酸的混合物,其中分子量在220以下的占了72.09%,氨基酸组成平衡,含量丰富,可用来制取新型氨基酸微量元素及小肽添加剂。     

Effects of Cd and Pb pollution on soil enzymatic activities and soil microbiota

Based on a representative sampling method and pot experiment with different concentrations of Cd and Pd, the enzymatic activities (urease, phosphatase, catalase, invertase), population of bacteria, fungus and actinomycete in the soil, the Cd and Pd pollution status of soil samples (from the wastewater-irrigated area of Baoding suburb) were appraised. Unitary linear and nonlinear curve-fitting optimization models were applied in the research, and the relationship between Pb and Cd causing pollution and enzymatic activities of the tested soils were discussed. The research may provide a theoretical basis for protecting the environment in the region of Baiyangdian Lake, Hebei province, prevent soil pollution, and ascertain biochemical indexes, which reflect soil heavy metal pollution levels. The research results indicated that: (1) there was obvious accumulation of Pb and Cd in the wastewater-irrigated area, also the accumulation in wastewater-irrigated soil is more than that in fresh water-irrigated soil, and accumulation on surface layer was more than that in the lower layer. Pb and Cd contents in the tested soils exceeded the standards of soil background values for some major cities at home and abroad and the world soil Cd and Pb contents range. This means that the tested soil had reached a lightly polluted level; (2) there existed an obvious negative correlation between soil enzymatic activities and Pb and Cd contents in wastewater-irrigated soil, where the soil urease and catalase activities decreased obviously with the increase of Pb and Cd contents in soil. Therefore, the urease and catalase can be considered as biochemical indexes that reflect the degree of soil Pb and Cd pollution; (3) the pot experiments indicated that the influence of Cd on soil enzymatic activities was greater than that of Pb. Generally, the effect of Cd on soil phosphatase, urease, catalase is more obvious than that on invertase, while Pb has a more obvious effect on invertase than Cd; (4) pot experiments of triple cropping showed that, Cd and Pb had an obvious inhibiting effect on microbes. The influence sensitivity of Cd and Pb on different microbes was ordered as bacteria > actinomycete > fungus. Cd had a greater inhibiting effect on microbes than Pb, the influence of Cd and Pb on actinomycete and fungus was relatively smaller, therefore, bacteria can be chosen as an important index that reflects the effect of Cd and Pb on microbe sensitivity.     

草浆造纸木质素对土壤性质和小白菜生长的影响

草浆造纸废液是影响秸秆造纸发展的重要因素,利用小白菜盆栽试验研究了施用麦秸造纸废液木质素和麦秸对土壤性质及小白菜生长的影响,以期为造纸废弃物的资源化利用提供依据。结果表明,两茬小白菜收获后,铵木素配施N肥使土壤pH值降低;小白菜两茬连作后铵木质素配施的土壤活性有机碳含量及多酚氧化酶活性分别为2.73g·kg-1和1.77mg·g-1·2h-1,显著高于其他处理;除对照和单施氮肥外,两茬盆栽收获后土壤多酚氧化酶活性均高于第一茬试验。两茬小白菜收获后秸秆配施和碱木质素配施氮肥土壤过氧化物酶活性均高于其他处理。铵木质素配施及秸秆配施的小白菜干重相近,显著高于碱木质素配施。研究表明,与秸秆还田相比,施用铵木质素没有对土壤性状和小白菜生长产生不利影响,故铵法草浆木质素可以作为一种潜在的土壤有机改良剂应用。