EFFECTS OF NATURAL ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION ON 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN D3 CONCENTRATIONS IN FEMALE GUINEA PIGS (CAVIA PORCELLUS)

Vertebrates have 2 methods of acquiring vitamin D: through the diet and/or secondary to exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation. Although some species (e.g., dogs) can only acquire vitamin D through their diet, many others also utilize UVB radiation to generate vitamin D. Prior to their extirpation, guinea pigs were naturally exposed to varying levels of sunlight (UVB) in their native habitat; however, in captivity we do not routinely recommend UVB radiation for these animals. Recently, it has been shown that captive guinea pigs can synthesize 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD₃) after exposure to UVB lightbulbs. However, it is not known how natural sunlight impacts 25-OHD₃ concentrations in this species. The purpose of this study was to determine whether 25-OHD₃ concentrations in female guinea pigs exposed to natural sunlight would increase as a result of UVB exposure. Eight adult female guinea pigs were used for this study. The animals were held indoors during winter months and then placed outside in the spring when temperatures were appropriate. Blood samples were collected before the animals were placed outdoors (baseline) and 30 days after being exposed to natural sunlight. There was a significant difference in 25-OHD₃ concentrations over time (P = 0.006) and values collected after the guinea pigs were housed outdoors were 1.8 times higher than baseline. This study confirmed that female guinea pigs can increase 25-OHD₃ concentrations after exposure to natural sunlight. This suggests that these animals have conserved this pathway despite domestication, and supplementation should be considered to optimize captive guinea pig habitats.     

Nutrient Composition Comparison of Longissimus Dorsi between Diannan Small-ear Pigs and DLY Commercial Pigs

This study was conducted to compare the nutrient composition of longissimus dorsi between Diannan Small-ear pigs and DLY commercial pigs.53 Diannan Small-ear pigs and 58 DLY commercial pigs were chosen and longissimus dorsi samples were collected to determine the content of moisture,crude protein,crude fat,ash,amino acids and fatty acids.The results showed that the moisture content of Diannan Small-ear pigs was extremely significantly lower than DLY commercial pigs (P < 0.01).However,the content of crude protein and crude fat were extremely significantly higher than DLY commercial pigs (P < 0.01).And there was no significant difference in ash content (P > 0.05).The levels of threonine,valine,methionine,isoleucine,leucine,lysine and phenylalanine in longissimus dorsi of Diannan Small-ear pigs were extremely significantly higher than that of DLY commercial pigs (P < 0.01),and the content of myristic acid,palmitic acid,oleic acid,cis different oleic acid,11-cis-20 carbon olefine acid,saturated fatty acids,monounsaturated fatty acids and the total fatty acids in longissimus dorsi of Diannan Small-ear pigs were also extremely significantly higher than that of DLY commercial pigs (P < 0.01).In conclusion,Diannan Small-ear pigs had a better value in nutrient and development.     

2012年-2022年TBTV、TVDV、TBTVsatRNA和TVDVaRNA在云南主要烟区的发生与分布

烟草丛顶病(tobacco bushy top disease,TBTD)是一种由烟草丛顶病毒(tobacco bushy top virus,TBTV)及其卫星RNA(tobacco bushy top virus satellite RNA,TBTVsatRNA)和烟草扭脉病毒(tobacco vein distorting virus,TVDV)及其伴随RNA(tobacco vein distorting virus associated RNA,TVDVaRNA)共同侵染引起的危险性病害,曾在云南很多烟区造成严重损失。本研究对烟草丛顶病及其相关病原物在云南烟草上的发生情况进行了多年的调查研究,力图对烟草丛顶病及其相关病原物的发生与分布进行追踪和分析。结果表明,2012年-2022年,烟草丛顶病在云南各大烟区仅零星发生,2019年以来已很难发现。烟草丛顶病的相关病原物主要在曾经暴发流行过病害的楚雄、保山和大理发现,且TBTV、TVDV、TBTVsatRNA和TVDVaRNA在烟草上并不总是同时被检出,其中引起烟草丛顶病典型症状的TBTV+TVDV+TBTVsatRNA+TVDVaRNA检出率在5%以下,TVDV的检出率最高,达30.44%,TBTVsatRNA的检出率最低,为7.68%。TBTV、TVDV、TBTVsatRNA和TVDVaRNA不能同时感染同一烟株可能是当前烟草丛顶病很少发生的主要原因。     

二辛可宁酸试剂定量蛋白质与口蹄疫抗原的研究

二辛可宁酸(bicinchonininc acid,BCA)可用于精确定量蛋白质。用不连续蔗糖密度梯度离心的方法纯化口蹄疫146S抗原。BCA试剂定量0～200 μg/ml的白蛋白和该纯化抗原,紫外分光光度计560 nm波长读取结果（OD值）,白蛋白检测结果用SPSS软件进行线性和回归分析,发现数据相关性、线性显著,计算出了回归方程,绘制出了蛋白质含量与OD值之间的标准曲线。将纯化抗原的数据代入回归方程计算出该抗原的含量。     

单核苷酸多态性作为新一代分子标记的优越性

单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism, SNP) 是可遗传的变异中最常见的一种,占所有已知多态性的90%以上,为数众多且分布广泛,遗传稳定,现已成为新一代的分子标记,其相关研究方兴未艾。遂作者将SNP的优越性做了一个多方面的阐述,以期对SNP的认识及以后的深入研究有所帮助。     

SLC24A5基因影响脊椎动物色素沉积的研究进展

黑色素广泛分布于细菌、真菌、植物和动物体内并扮演了重要的作用。人类浅色皮肤的色素沉积是由于黑色素细胞内黑色素小体数量、大小和密度的减少造成的,而黑色素小体变化也导致斑马鱼由灰色突变为金色,这个金色突变位点编码一个推定的阳离子交换体SLC24A5基因,该基因位于黑色素小体或其前体的细胞膜上。人类和斑马鱼在这个基因的序列及功能上有很高的同源性。该基因的多态性主要出现在非洲和东亚人身上。而等位基因固定在欧洲人的身上,这与局部杂和性大量减少和较浅的皮肤色素沉积有关,表明SLC24A5基因在人类色素沉积方面起关键作用。作者总结了SLC24A5基因与黑色素的研究进展,并简要介绍了乌骨绵羊的发现及其分子特征。     

白细胞介素 2对犬细小病毒疫苗免疫效果的影响

为研究白细胞介素 2（IL-2）对犬细小病毒疫苗免疫效果的影响,选择40只幼犬,随机分成试验组和对照组,试验组按0.5 ml/头份加入犬用IL-2与犬细小病毒疫苗一起皮下注射,对照组单独使用犬细小病毒疫苗,注射后分别在接种前、接种后7 d和14 d使用金标试纸条检测其抗体效价,并进行组间抗体效价差异的t检验。试验结果表明,接种疫苗前试验组与对照组犬细小病毒平均抗体效价之间差异不显著;接种疫苗后7 d,试验组与对照组犬细小病毒平均抗体效价差异极显著(P<0.01);接种疫苗后14 d,试验组与对照组犬细小病毒平均抗体效价差异极显著(P<0.01)。试验表明：IL 2可明显提高幼犬对犬细小病毒疫苗的抗体应答能力,是一种良好的犬细小病毒疫苗候选佐剂。     

绵羊繁殖性状候选基因调控的研究进展

绵羊的繁殖性状受多基因调控,作者简要综述了现已发现并证明的主效基因和QTL位点（如FecB、FecX^I、FecX^H和FecX^2W等）。通过分析这些基因或QTL位点的作用、基因定位、生理效应、遗传方式及遗传效应等,从而为探讨绵羊多胎性状的基因调控规律提供理论依据。     

PP1γ2对树鼩精子成熟和运动性的调控作用研究

为了阐明树鼩精子中是否存在丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白磷酸酶1γ2（PP1γ2）及其在附睾精子中的存在形式,进而探究PP1γ2对精子成熟和运动性的调控作用,本试验以树鼩为研究对象,采用Western blotting分析了不同条件下树鼩附睾头和附睾尾精子中PP1γ2的存在形式和磷酸化程度,探讨了双丁酰环腺苷酸（db-cAMP）、3-异丁基-1-甲基黄嘌呤（IBMX）或Ca²⁺对树鼩精子中PP1γ2磷酸化表达水平的影响,并进一步研究了磷酸酶抑制剂冈田酸（okadaic acid,OA）和花萼海绵诱癌素A （calyculin A,CA）对树鼩精子中PP1γ2磷酸化程度的影响及其对树鼩附睾头和附睾尾精子运动度的影响。结果显示,在树鼩附睾头和附睾尾精子中均存在PP1γ2,且在等量的附睾头和附睾尾精子蛋白中,PP1γ2在附睾尾精子的磷酸化程度远高于附睾头精子;db-cAMP、IBMX或Ca²⁺不改变PP1γ2的磷酸化水平;磷酸酶抑制剂OA和CA能明显提高附睾头和附睾尾中PP1γ2磷酸化的程度,且能显著提高精子（尤其是附睾头精子）的运动度（P<0.05）,OA和CA的最佳作用浓度分别为1 μmol/L和10 nmol/L,最佳作用时间分别为15、20 min。本研究结果表明,蛋白磷酸酶PP1γ2对树鼩精子成熟及运动性具有重要的调控作用,其主要通过磷酸化和去磷酸化的变化发挥作用。     

撒坝猪SPDEF基因克隆及其生物信息学分析

为明确猪SPDEF基因的遗传特性,试验对不同猪种SPDEF基因的CDS区进行序列扩增、测序、拼接,并对撒坝猪SPDEF基因CDS序列进行生物信息学分析。采用PCR直接测序法测定猪SPDEF基因外显子序列,运用SeqMan进行序列拼接。采用生物信息学软件分析撒坝猪SPDEF基因开放阅读框及其编码蛋白的基本理化性质、疏水性、信号肽、跨膜区、亚细胞定位、磷酸化位点、糖基化位点、二级结构、三级结构、功能结构域,并构建系统进化树。结果表明,各猪种SPDEF基因编码区仅在外显子1、2分别检测到1个同义突变(C13971T、C16541T),表明该基因编码区在所检测的猪群中高度保守。生物信息学分析发现,该基因有1个长1 092 bp的完整开放阅读框;SPDEF蛋白中丝氨酸(Ser)含量最高(10.7%),体外理论半衰期为30 h,属于不稳定的亲水性蛋白;该蛋白不存在信号肽及跨膜结构,存在39个潜在的磷酸化位点和1个糖基化位点,亚细胞定位于细胞质;二级结构预测中,参与无规则卷曲的氨基酸最多(55.10%),其次是α-螺旋(28.37%);功能结构域预测发现,该蛋白存在1个ETS功能结构域和1个SAM-PNT功能结构域。系统进化树结果显示,撒坝猪与牛、绵羊和山羊的亲缘关系较近。本研究为进一步分析撒坝猪SPDEF基因的功能奠定了一定的理论基础。