外源海藻糖调节西瓜细胞渗透胁迫抗性的研究

为探究外源海藻糖对渗透胁迫下西瓜细胞生长的影响,本研究以西瓜悬浮培养细胞为试材,测定外源海藻糖预处理后,渗透胁迫对西瓜悬浮培养细胞生长量、细胞外pH、细胞内ROS（活性氧簇）相对含量和微管骨架的影响。结果表明：渗透胁迫下西瓜细胞的生长量明显受到抑制,并且渗透胁迫可诱导西瓜悬浮培养细胞质外体碱化,ROS迸发,细胞微管骨架发生解聚;外源添加海藻糖可在一定程度上缓解渗透胁迫对西瓜悬浮细胞生长量的抑制作用,调节pH、ROS表达水平、并维持微管骨架结构的完整性。以上研究结果表明渗透胁迫下,海藻糖对西瓜细胞具有维持细胞生长、保护亚细胞结构并调节抗性反应的功能。     

Partitioning characteristics of PAHs between sediment and water in a shallow lake

Goal, Scope and Background

Distribution of hydrophobic organic contaminants in abiotic compartments is essential for describing their transfer and fate in aquatic ecosystems. Taihu Lake is the third largest freshwater lake in China. Water quality of Taihu Lake has deteriorated greatly during the last decades and has threatened the water supply. The aim of the present study was to investigate the partitioning of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) among overlying water, suspended particulate matter (SPM), sediments, and pore water in Meiliang Bay, Taihu Lake and to provide useful information for the ecological engineering in this area.

Materials and Methods

Overlying water and surface sediment were sampled from six sites in Meiliang Bay, Taihu Lake, China. Within 72 h of sampling, sediments were centrifuged to obtain the pore water. Overlying water samples were filtered to separate dissolved and SPM samples. After extraction, samples were purified following a clean-up procedure. PAH fraction was obtained by elution with a mixture of hexane: DCM (7:3, V/V) and analyzed by GC/MS.

Results

PAHs concentrations in overlying water varied from 37.5 ng/L to 183.5 ng/L. Concentrations of PAHs in pore water were higher than those in overlying water. The total concentrations of 16 priority PAHs in sediments ranged from 2091.8 ng/g-dw to 4094.4 ng/g-dw. PAHs concentrations on SPM were decreased with suspended solid concentrations (SSC). Total PAHs concentrations on SPM varied in the range of 3369.6 ng/g-dw to 7531.1 ng/g-dw. The partition coefficients between sediment and overlying water (log K _oc) for PAHs with log K _ow<5 were positively correlated with their octanol-water partition coefficients (log K _ow) (n=39, r=0.79, p<0.0001). Partition coefficients between sediment and pore water (log K _oc′) for all PAHs were also significantly correlated with their log K _ow values (n=48, r=0.82, p<0.0001).

Discussion

In general, PAHs derived from combustion sources tend to bind strongly to soot particles in natural sediment. Consequentially, K _oc values observed in the natural environment could be orders of magnitude higher than those predicted by linear correlation relationships under laboratory conditions. In the present study, the ratio of log K _oc values to log K _ow values falls consistently above 1, indicating that the sediment soot carbon in the bay was more attractive for PAHs than n-octanol. The log K _oc′ was also higher than that predicted under laboratory conditions, suggesting that the measured pore water PAH concentrations were lower than those predicted. That is to say, not all the sediment PAHs can be available to partition rapidly into sediment pore waters. A variation in soot content is a possible reason. Furthermore, concentrations of PAHs on SPM were higher than those in sediments. The compositions of PAHs on SPM and in sediments were similar, indicating the importance of re-suspension process of sediments in the partitioning process of the shallow lake.

Conclusions

The results indicated the equilibrium partitioning model could be used to predict PAHs distribution in various phases of a shallow lake in the stagnation period, but re-suspension processes should be considered to modify the relationship between log K _ocs and log K _ows.

Recommendations and Perspectives

Concentration, particle size and composition of resuspended particles could affect the relationship between log K _ocs and log K _ows. Further work should be done under field conditions, especially where a steady thermodynamic equilibrium state could be assumed.

     

利用15N示踪法研究土壤氮对烤烟氮素累积和烟碱合成的影响

以烤烟（Nicotiana tabacum L. K 326）为试验材料,在大田条件下,利用15N示踪法,研究了土壤氮对烤烟氮素累积和烟碱合成的影响。结果表明,对烤烟氮素累积和烟碱合成的影响,土壤氮比例均随叶位上升而上升,且打顶后三个叶位和根茎均随生育时期推进而显著增加;打顶后烤烟各器官的土壤氮占总氮比例和占总烟碱氮比例分别为50%和60%,显著高于肥料氮。     

湘西山地区域不同移栽期气象因子对烤烟‘HN2146’农艺性状的影响

为探明主要气象因子对山地烤烟生长发育进程的限制与影响,优化烤烟移栽期,通过连续3 a的烤烟主栽品种‘HN2146’的不同移栽期大田试验,探索移栽期变化规律,研究日照、降水量及温度与烤烟生长的关系。结果表明：株高、茎围与烤烟移栽期中等相关,中部叶长和中部叶面积与它强相关;同时T1（4月12日、4月19日、4月26日）移栽的烤烟株高、茎围和叶面积最大,相比于其他4个时期的平均值增幅分别为6.14%±2.98%、5.35%±1.69%、19.38%±5.83%。简单相关分析表明,≥12℃有效积温、降水量、日照时数3种气象因子两两之间均呈极显著正相关,而且与多数农艺性状指标均呈极显著相关;典型相关分析结果表明,农艺性状与气象因子存在极显著的典型相关关系,烤烟不同移栽期主要影响降水量与≥12℃有效积温及叶数和中部叶长的大小;主成分分析结果显示,第一主成分说明调节不同烤烟移栽期能改善气象因子与烤烟农艺性状,在效应上具有相似的特点。第二主成分说明不同烤烟移栽期在影响气象因子与农艺性状上的主要差异是上部叶面积、上部叶长、中部叶面积、茎围、株高、≥12℃有效积温的变化。因此,从农艺性状看,4月12日、4月19日与4月26日分别是湘西低中高海拔地区‘HN2146’烤烟品种最佳移栽期。     

安阳市优质强筋小麦生产现状与发展对策

安阳市是国家规划的优质强筋小麦优势生产区，近年来，安阳市相应国家号召，满足市场需求，大力发展优质强筋小麦。2019年，优质强筋小麦面积达到了126万亩，占小麦总面积的28%。优质强筋小麦在安阳市的快速发展的同时也开始面临诸多问题和挑战。针对这些问题和挑战，深入农户、加工企业和育种单位，挖掘问题产生的根源。并就这些问题和挑战提出了对策，以期为安阳市优质强筋小麦的进一步发展提供参考。     

呋喃磺草酮原药中主要杂质的结构鉴定及其合成

针对HPPD除草剂呋喃磺草酮原药生产中产生的3个质量分数均大于0.1%的主要杂质,通过高效液相色谱、核磁共振氢谱和高分辨质谱对3个杂质的结构进行了结构鉴定,发现其中2个为未见文献报道的化合物。结合生产工艺对杂质产生的路径进行了分析,并成功进行了合成。该研究对呋喃草酮原药质量控制和安全产生具有重要意义。     

一流本科专业建设背景下科教融合型教师基层组织的构建与实践

在一流本科专业建设的背景下,立足国家对高素质本科人才的迫切需求,细致分析当前我国高校师资队伍基层组织建设过程中要克服的主要问题,在高校“二级学院”层面上,通过科研团队和教学团队结合,增强高校本科教学的组织规范性。以南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院农业资源与环境本科专业为例,研究和构建教学和科研相结合的新型基层组织体系,实现高校人才培养和科技创新的“双赢”。     

日粮ADF水平对肉兔氮代谢、小肠组织学结构和二糖酶活性的影响

选用60只体质量相近的2月龄新西兰肉兔,随机分为5组,分别饲喂5种ADF水平（13%、16%、19%、22%、25%）的日粮。结果表明：日粮ADF水平对3月龄肉兔沉积氮、氮表观消化率和利用率影响显著（P〈0.05）,对消化氮及消化氮利用率影响不显著（P〉0.05）。随日粮ADF水平升高,小肠各段绒毛高度及绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值呈先增加后降低的趋势,空肠段各处理间差异显著（P〈0.05）,十二指肠和回肠段各处理间差异不显著（P〉0.05）;小肠黏膜二糖酶活性也呈先增加后降低的趋势,蔗糖酶、乳糖酶和回肠麦芽糖酶活性各处理间差异显著（P〈0.05）,十二指肠和空肠麦芽糖酶活性各处理间差异不显著（P〉0.05）。由此认为,2～3月龄肉兔适宜的ADF水平为16%～19%。     

Reproduction and Development of the Released Przewalski’s Horses (Equus przewalskii) in Xinjiang,China

In China, the first Przewalski’s horse (Equus przewalskii) group was released in Kalamaili Ungulate Protected Area in Xinjiang, in August 2001. The objective of this study was to investigate reproduction and development of released Przewalski’s horses in Xinjiang, China from 2002 to 2006. Twenty-four descendants were naturally born, average reproduction rate was 38.7%, and average survival rate of foals was 69.1% in this interim. Frequent alternation of the leading stallion and infertility in female horses due to environmental factors were main causes for the low reproduction rate. The infant mortality rate of released Przewalski’s horses was 25.0%, and 83.3% of death in infants was due to the leading stallion infanticide. The released Przewalski’s horses exhibited seasonal breeding, 70.8% of infants were born in May and June. The fertility rates were 8.3% in April and 37.5% in May, which were lower compared to those of the captive Przewalski’s horse groups (18.3% and 44.3%, respectively). Furthermore, the fertility rate in June was 33.3% and higher than the captive groups (18.3%). These findings showed that the breeding peak of the released Przewalski’s horse groups was later than the captive groups, and suggested that the altered survival environment and food supplies were the main reasons contributing to the delayed breeding peak.     

鸡HSP90AA1基因SNP检测及启动子区CpG岛的甲基化研究

试验旨在获得鸡热休克蛋白90α(HSP90AA1)基因序列并分析其基因结构和相关遗传变异,检测HSP90AA1基因启动子区CpG岛的甲基化状态,初步探索HSP90AA1基因在肌肉组织生长发育中的作用。以文昌鸡和北京油鸡为试验材料,利用PCR扩增鸡HSP90AA1基因组序列;通过基因测序寻找该基因中的单核苷酸多态性(SNP)位点;使用在线软件MethPrimer预测鸡HSP90AA1基因中CpG岛的位置;应用MassArray质谱法检测鸡胸肌中HSP90AA1基因启动子区CpG岛的甲基化水平,比较分析文昌鸡和北京油鸡HSP90AA1基因的甲基化差异。结果显示,在鸡HSP90AA1基因组中共发现7个SNPs位点,分别位于启动子区(A-189G,C-109T)、第1外显子(A+6G)、第2外显子(C+343T)、第2内含子(A+634G、A+836G)和第7内含子(A+3449G);鸡HSP90AA1基因包含10个外显子和9个内含子,其启动子区存在1个CpG岛,位于-1 802～-469bp处;在HSP90AA1基因启动子区共检测了42个CpG位点的甲基化水平,文昌鸡和北京油鸡中分别有9个(CpG_16.17.18、CpG_21.22.23、CpG_32.33和CpG_57)和4个CpG位点(CpG_1、CpG_5.6和CpG_57)在胸肌生长发育过程中发生甲基化改变。结果表明,文昌鸡与北京油鸡HSP90AA1基因序列信息和启动子区CpG岛的甲基化水平不同,这可能导致两种鸡对于应激反应具有不同的耐受程度。以上试验结果将为文昌鸡和北京油鸡生长发育规律、系统选育等方面的研究提供表观遗传学依据。