陕西优质专用强筋小麦配套栽培技术探讨?

陕西关中和渭北麦区被国家选定为优质专用小麦专业化区,重点发展强筋和中筋小麦。强筋小麦比一般小麦蛋白质含量高出2～5个百分点,蛋白质含量与栽培技术密切相关。为此,本文从我国强筋小麦品质指标要求及陕西发展强筋小麦的优势入手,在分析影响强筋小麦品质主要因素的基础上,提出优质强筋小麦配套栽培技术。对提高强筋小麦产量和质量,增加蛋白质的社会总量,改善人民生活有着极其重要的意义。     

优质强筋小麦绿色高产高效栽培技术要点研究

小麦的品质取决于品种、生长环境条件和栽培技术的选择。例如从生态角度来看，不同地区的光照和温度等条件有所差异，即便是同一品种在不同生态下的种植性状也会发生比较明显的改变。针对优质强筋小麦品种而言，应用高产高效栽培技术能够直接提升小麦的产量和品质，文章研究了优质强筋小麦所需的生长条件，探讨了优质强筋小麦绿色高产高效栽培技术要点，阐述了强筋小麦发展与管理方案，旨在提升栽培技术水准和农业发展水平。     

豫北地区优质强筋小麦产业发展现状及对策

1发展现状黄淮海地区的气候、土壤等自然条件非常适合种植强筋小麦,河南北部地区的区域优势更大。根据农业部颁布的中国小麦品质区划方案,该区是发展强筋小麦的重点地区。由于我国缺乏优质强筋小麦品种,因此种植优质强筋小麦可以获得农民增收和企业增效双赢,优质麦收购价格要高于普通小麦10%～15%,而企业用于生产专用粉和高档精制粉也可从中获得10%～30%的效益。但是随着优质麦的大面积种植和去年普通小麦价格的回升,农民种植优质麦的比较效益已有所降低。同时,入世后国外进口优质麦的税率下降,国内优质麦面临着国内、国际两个市场的挑战,与…     

氮肥施用量对优质强筋小麦产量和安全品质的影响

随着人们生活水平的提高，农产品的质量安全成为农业生产关注的热点。亚硝胺是当今国内外医学界公认的强致癌物质之一，而硝酸盐则是亚硝胺的前提物。增施氮肥对蔬菜安全质量和土壤的污染研究报道较多，对强筋优质小麦的研究报道较少。泰安市强筋优质小麦占小麦总种植面积的65％左右，为了减少小麦子粒中亚硝胺的含量，改善优质强筋小麦的安全品质，提高优质小麦市场竞争力，进行了氮肥施用量对优质强筋小麦产量和安全品质的影响研究。     

高产多抗强筋小麦新品种山农1695 的选育

山农1695 是山东农业大学选育的高产、多抗、强筋小麦新品种。2020 年中国小麦质量发布和现场鉴评达到GB/T 17892—1999《优质小麦　强筋小麦》一等强筋小麦标准。2020 年通过山东省农作物品种审定委员会审定（鲁审麦20200011）。2022 年完成国家试验程序，推荐国家审定。适宜山东全部、河北南部和山西南部中高肥水地区种植。     

丰德存麦5号优质高产及栽培技术

丰德存麦5号是强筋优质小麦品种,2014年通过国家农作物品种审定委员会审定(审定编号:国审麦2014003)。通过定向选育实现优质和高产相结合,属半冬性中晚熟品种,高抗条锈病和黄化花叶病。大面积连片区域化种植能提高品质,实现优质优价,加快优质麦发展,满足用粮企业需求,助推强筋优质小麦持续发展。     

小麦优质、高产、高效的关系

优质专用小麦可分为4类：第一类是用做面包的优质强筋小麦，这类小麦还可以作优质中强筋面粉的配麦。第二类是用做饼干糕点的强筋小麦，这类食品俗称点心，用量不是很多。第三类是用做面条的优质专用小麦。面条是我国人民的主食，种类繁多，其消……     

面对粮食安全的山西省小麦生产现状、问题及对策

面对WTO、国家粮食安全和农业产业结构的调整，我省的小麦生产何去何从，是摆在我们面前的重大课题。本文分析了我省小麦生产现状和在农业中的地位，指出：我省具有生产优质强筋小麦得天独厚的生态优势，改变小麦“质次、价高、不适应加工业”的现状，是我省今后小麦生产的工作重点。我省是缺粮大省，必须建立小麦播种面积安全警戒线，以保证全省人民的“口粮安全”。通过以优质强筋为核心的六大体系的建设，逐步实现小麦生产的产业化。     

驻马店市优质专用小麦品质区化研究初报

为促进驻马店市的优质专用小麦的快速发展和确保生产出来的专用小麦符合国家质量标准，选用强筋小麦郑麦9023、中筋小麦豫麦18、弱筋小麦豫麦50，按不同生态环境和气候条件划分不同生态区域，通过设计不同施肥量和施氮方式试验，分析驻马店市不同类型优质专用小麦的适宜种植区域。结果表明，区域Ⅰ是弱筋小麦的最适宜区，是中筋小麦的次适宜区；区域Ⅱ是中筋小麦适宜区，是强筋小麦和弱筋小麦的次适宜区；区域Ⅲ是强筋小麦和中筋小麦的适宜区。     

灌水对强筋小麦品质及产量的影响

试验以强筋优质小麦GS豫麦34为供试品种，采用池栽的方式，来研究灌水对强筋小麦品质及产量的影响，以便为强筋小麦的高产优质高效栽培提供可靠的依据。     

The origin,evolution, cultivation,dissemination, and diversification of Asian and African rices

Summary Available evidences drawn from biosystematics, evolutionary biology, biogeography, archaeology, history, anthropology, paleo-geology and paleo-meteorology are pooled to reconstruct the series of events that led to the cosmopolitan cultivation of the Asian cultivated rice (O. sativa) and the regionalized planting of the African cultigen (O. glaberrima) in West Africa. The genus Oryza originated in the Gondwanaland continents and, following the fracture of the supercontinent, became widely distributed in the humid tropics of Africa, South America, South and Southeast Asia, and Oceania. The two cultivated species have had a common progenitor in the distant past. Parallel and independent evolutionary processes occurred in Africa and in Asia, following the sequence of: wild perennialwild annualcultivated annual. The weed races also contributed to the differentiation of the cultivated annuals. The corresponding members of the above series are O. longistaminata Chev. et Roehr., O. barthii A. Chev., O. glaberrima Steud., and the stapfii forms of O. glaberrima in Africa; O. rufipogon Griff., O. nivara Sharma et Shastry, O. sativa L., and the spontanea forms of O. sativa in Asia.The differentiation and diversification of the annuals in South Asia were accelerated by marked climatic changes following the last glacial age, dispersal of plants over latitude or altitude, human selection, and manipulation of the cultural environment.Cultivation of rice began in many parts of South and Southeast Asia, probably first in Ancient India. Cultural techniques such as puddling and transplanting were first developed in north and central China and later transmitted to Southeast Asia. Wetland culture preceded dryland culture in China, but in hilly areas of Southeast Asia, dryland cultivation is older than lowland culture. The planting method progressed from shifting cultivation to direct sowing in permanent fields, then to transplanting in bunded fields.Widespread dispersal of the Asian cultigen led to the formation of three eco-geographic races (Indica. Sinica or Japonica, and Javanica) and distinct cultural types in monsoon Asia (upland, lowland, and deep water). Varietal types changed readily within the span of a millenium, largely due to cultivators' preferences, socio-religious traditions, and population pressure. Genetic differentiation developed parallel to the ecologic diversification process.The African cultigen developed later than the Asian cultigen and has undergone less diversification. The wild races in South America and Oceania retain their primitive features mainly due to lack of cultivation pressure or dispersal.Both the African and Asian rices are still undergoing evolutionary changes at habitats where the wild, weed, and cultivated races co-exist.     

Cities,Skills, and Inequality

ABSTRACT The surge in U.S. wage inequality over the past several decades is now commonly attributed to an increase in the returns paid to skill. Although theories differ with respect to why, specifically, this increase has come about, many agree that it is strongly tied to the increase in the relative supply of skilled (i.e., highly educated) workers in the U.S. labor market. A greater supply of skilled labor, for example, may have induced skill‐biased technological change or generated greater stratification of workers by skill across firms or jobs. Given that metropolitan areas in the U.S. have long possessed more educated populations than non‐metropolitan areas, these theories suggest that the rise in both the returns to skill and wage inequality should have been particularly pronounced in cities. Evidence from the U.S. Census over the period of 1950 to 1990 supports both implications.     

Resources,representation, and authority in Jharkhand,India

Abstract: Jharkhand is at the centre of India's struggles to define ‘the environment’ and ‘economically relevant natural resources’. Although cultural labels are applied by leaders who seek influence in these struggles as well as by many of those people who listen, an ethnonational analytic frame does not help answer the questions: How, why and when has the political idea of environment changed in India? When and why has the Jharkhand movement chosen violent tactics? When and why has the Jharkhand statehood movement realised electoral success? Or, why was Jharkhand state formed? To address such questions, a long range historical‐institutional approach is much more fruitful.     

Unemployment,Growth, and Trade Unions

This paper develops a two‐sector endogenous growth model with a dual labor market caused by the operation of trade unions. Trade unions strive for the extraction of rents from the growth generating imperfectly competitive primary sector. This union behavior results in a non‐competitive wage differential between the primary and secondary (perfectly competitive) sector. How the relationship between growth and unemployment depends on the institutional details of the labor market is analyzed. In general, growth and unemployment are intimately related for two reasons. Unemployment affects the scale of operation of the economy and thereby the growth rate. Growth affects inter‐temporal decisions of workers about where to allocate on the labor market once they are laid off, and thereby it affects equilibrium unemployment.     

Potato genetics,genomics, and applications

Potato has a variety of reproductive uniquenesses besides its clonal propagation by tubers. These traits are controlled by a different kind of genetic control. The reproductive information has been applied to enable interspecific hybridization to enhance valuable traits, such as disease and pest resistances, from the tuber-bearing Solanum gene pool. While progress has been made in potato breeding, many resources have been invested due to the requirements of large populations and long time frame. This is not only due to the general pitfalls in plant breeding, but also due to the complexity of polyploid genetics. Tetraploid genetics is the most prominent aspect associated with potato breeding. Genetic maps and markers have contributed to potato breeding, and genome information further elucidates questions in potato evolution and supports comprehensive potato breeding. Challenges yet remain on recognizing intellectual property rights to breeding and germplasm, and also on regulatory aspects to incorporate modern biotechnology for increasing genetic variation in potato breeding.     

Interdependence,Rules, and Rural Development

This paper explores land use conflicts between non-farm neighbors and farmers to illustrate the usefulness of the concepts of interdependence, rules, and property rights when doing rural development. Recognizing interdependence and its implications helps economic analysis focus on and understand the types of rules and institutions having the most influence on economic behavior, and thus identify policy alternatives. The resolution of land uses conflicts, for example, unavoidably changes the bundle of rights associated with land, andinfluences who can impose costs of whom; it makes a difference if a large farm has the right to produce odors, flies, or noise that reduces their neighbors' abilities to enjoy theneighbors' own land, or if instead, neighbors have the right to use their property without experiencing farm-produced odors, flies or noise the farm may be unable to use its own land for agriculture without being inconvenienced.     

薏苡氮磷钾养分吸收分配及利用特征

旨在为薏苡科学施肥及高产潜力挖掘提供理论依据。以4个薏苡品系为试验材料,于2018—2019年进行大田试验,分析其在不同生育时期氮磷钾(NPK)元素的吸收、分配及利用规律。结果表明,4个薏苡品系的全株总生物量干重在20.5~24.7 t/hm²,地上部分生物产量干重在18.4~22.6 t/hm²之间,但是籽粒产量相对偏低,产量为1969.2~3109.1 kg/hm²。从薏苡抽穗至籽粒成熟,整个植株对NPK元素的吸收和积累量均有增加;N元素在抽穗至扬花期主要分布在茎鞘和叶片,至完全成熟籽粒中N素积累及分配均高于其他部位,而PK元素则主要分配在茎鞘部位。薏苡植株总NPK的吸收量平均为183.93 kg/hm²、62.57 kg/hm²和320.56 kg/hm²,平均吸收比例为N: P: K=2.94: 1: 5.12。薏苡NPK元素的籽粒生产效率和收获指数相对偏低,每100 kg籽粒对NPK养分需求量分别为5.6~7.3 kg,1.7~2.4 kg,8.0~15.0 kg。4个薏苡品系整体物质累积能力强、生物量大,但籽粒对NPK吸收分配和利用效率相对较低,高产潜力的挖掘仍有很大的提升空间。     

Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division, Involution and Factorial of High Effective Locations

This paper presents the class of high effective locations and its addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, involution and factorial by the object-oriented programming.