栀子花化学成分的GC/MS分析

采用超声波提取栀子花提取液,然后对其化学成分进行GC/MS分析。从栀子花中分离确定出27种主要成分,其中萜类物质含量相对较高。     

苜蓿皂甙的理化性质及其生物学功能

虽然苜蓿皂甙作为一种抗营养因子限制了苜蓿在畜牧生产中的广泛应用,但苜蓿皂甙能够降低单胃动物血浆胆固醇,为人类提供安全、保健的畜产品。为此本文对苜蓿皂甙的理化性质、制备及生物学功能进行了综述。     

Cytotoxic and Apoptosis-Inducing Activity of Triterpene Glycosides from Holothuria scabra and Cucumaria frondosa against HepG2 Cells

The cytotoxic effects of thirteen triterpene glycosides from Holothuria scabra Jaeger and Cucumaria frondosa Gunnerus (Holothuroidea) against four human cell lines were detected and their cytotoxicity-structure relationships were established. The apoptosis-inducing activity of a more potent glycoside echinoside A (1) in HepG2 cells was further investigated by determining its effect on the morphology, mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Δψ_m) and mRNA expression levels of the apoptosis-related genes. The results showed that the number of glycosyl residues in sugar chains and the side chain of aglycone could affect their cytotoxicity towards tumor cells and selective cytotoxicity. 1 significantly inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells. 1 also markedly decreased the Δψ_m and Bcl-2/Bax mRNA express ratio, and up-regulated the mRNA expression levels of Caspase-3, Caspase-8 and Caspase-9 in HepG2 cells. Therefore, 1 induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells through both intrinsic and extrinsic pathway. These findings could potentially promote the usage of these glycosides as leading compounds for developing new antitumor drugs.     

Two new chalcone glycosides from the stems of Entada phaseoloides

Two new chalcone glycosides 4′-O-(6″-O-galloyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl)-2′,4-dihydroxychalcone (1) and 4′-O-(6″-O-galloyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl)-2′-hydroxy-4-methoxychalcone (2) together with one known chalcone glycoside 4′-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-2′-hydroxy-4-methoxychalcone (3) were isolated from the stems of Entada phaseoloides. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis, including HSQC, HMBC, ¹H–¹H COSY, and chemical evidences. This is the first report of chalcone-type compounds isolated from the genus Entada.     

用大孔树脂纯化栀子黄色素的研究

为降低栀子黄色素中栀子苷的含量，提高栀子黄色素稳定性，该文就10种大孔树脂纯化栀子黄色素进行了研究。结果表明，A-5大孔树脂选择性吸附藏花素的能力较强，吸附率和解吸率均达85%以上，经其纯化后的栀子黄色素OD值比率(即栀子苷在最大吸收波长238 nm处的吸光值与藏花素在最大吸收波长440 nm处的吸光值的比值)可降至0.4以下，实现了对藏花素与栀子苷的有效分离，适于栀子黄色素的纯化。     

用二步法生产天然食用栀子蓝色素

采用微生物发酵和酶促反应分开的方法（二步法）制得色泽鲜明的栀子蓝色素。结果表明，栀子果粉中与京尼平甙共存的α－藏花素是影响色素色泽的主要因素之一。用一种大网孔树脂栀子水浸液过柱吸附，可将京尼平甙与藏花素分离。氨基酸种类对二步法形成色素的色泽影响甚大。其中亮氨酸，精氨酸和苯丙氨酸所形成色素的色泽最佳，呈美丽蓝色。     

小佛肚竹生氰糖苷合成关键酶CYP79家族同源基因的克隆和鉴定

生氰糖苷是由氰醇衍生物的羟基和D-葡萄糖缩合形成的糖苷,已在2 000多种植物中发现,分属于蕨类植物、裸子植物和被子植物的130个家族.生氰糖苷的主要生物学功能在于阻止食草动物和病原体对植物的侵害.通过反转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)和cDNA末端快速扩增(RACE)技术从小佛肚竹Bambusa ventricosa幼笋中克隆到CYP79家族同源基因的cDNA全长,命名为BvCYP79.BvCYP79共有1 913个碱基对,翻译起始点为193碱基处,终止子位于1 752 bp,包含1个1 559 bp的完整编码区,开放阅读框共编码519个氨基酸.具有PERF和SFSTGRRGCIA保守结构域,属于典型的单子叶植物CYP79家族基因.生氰糖苷途径可能也存在于竹类植物,因而在食用笋的安全性评估上具有一定指导意义.     

甜菊全生育期含甙量变化调查

试验结果表明,两个高RA型甜菊品种的含甙总量（TSG）和RA含量占TSG含量比重总趋势是均随着田间植株生长而递增,ST含量占TSG含量比重总趋势则是随田间植株生长而递减。守田3号TSG含量在80d时达最高,RA含量占TSG含量比重在130d时（现蕾期）达最高,ST含量占TSG含量比重在100d时降至最低。谱星1号TSG含量也在80d时达最高,RA含量占TSG含量比重、ST含量占TSG含量比重在100d时升至最高和降至最低。试验结果对于选择最佳收获期意义重大。     

Effects of tripterygium glycosides combined with dexamethasone on TLRs/NF-κB signaling pathway in EAE rats

AIM: To investigate the role of TLRs/NF-κB pathway in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) rats treated with tripterygium glycosides (TG) + dexamethasone (DX). METHODS: Lewis rats were used in the study and divided into control group, EAE model group, therapy 1 group (EAE rats treated with DX) and therapy 2 group (EAE rats treated with DX+TG). The mean clinical score of the rats was determined. The expression of TLR4 and TLR9 at mRNA and protein levels was detected by the methods of real-time quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. The protein level of NF-κB p65 was also measured. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were assayed by ELISA. RESULTS: The mean clinical scores at 5th, 16th and 20th day were lower in therapy 1 group and therapy 2 group than that in EAE model group. The mean clinical score in therapy 2 group was even lower than that in therapy 1 group. At the 16th day (the peaking period), the mRNA expression of TLR4 and TLR9 in therapy 1 group and therapy 2 group were obviously lower than that in EAE model group. The protein levels of TLR4, TLR9 and NF-κB p65 were also significantly lower in therapy 1 group and therapy 2 group than those in EAE model group at peak stage of EAE. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were lower in therapy1 group and therapy2 group than those in EAE model group. The significant differences of the mean clinical score, the mRNA expression of TLR4 and TLR9, the positive ratio of NF-κB p65 and the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 between therapy 1 group and therapy 2 group were found. The result of orthogonal factorial analysis of variance indicated that the difference of therapeutic effect between DX and DX+TG was significant (F=75.749, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The TLRs/NF-κB pathway takes part in the pathological process of EAE. TG combined with DX alleviates the symptoms of EAE by suppressing inflammatory and immunological reactions of EAE.     

Iridoid, phenylethanoid and flavonoid glycosides from Sideritis trojana

From the MeOH extract of Sideritis trojana, a new iridoid glycoside, 10-O-(E)-feruloylmelittoside (1) was obtained in addition to four known iridoid glycosides [melittoside (2), 10-O-(E)-p-coumaroylmelittoside (3), stachysosides E (4) and G (5)]. Moreover, five phenylethanoid glycosides [verbascoside (6), isoacteoside (7), lamalboside (8), leonoside A (9), isolavandulifolioside (10), three flavone glycosides (isoscutellarein 7-O-[6'-O-acetyl-β-allopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-glucopyranoside (11), 4'-O-methyisoscutellarein 7-O-[6'-O-acetyl-β-allopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-glucopyranoside (12), 3'-hydroxy-4'-O-methyisoscutellarein 7-O-[6'-O-acetyl-β-allopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-glucopyranoside (13) and a benzylalcohol derivative (di-O-methylcrenatin) were obtained and identified. The structures were elucidated on the basis of NMR and HRMS data. All compounds were tested for their antioxidant activity by in vitro TEAC assay and some of them exhibited moderate activity (0.97-1.44 mM) when compared with the reference compound (quercetin 1.86 mM). Glycosides 6-13, the most active compounds in the TEAC assay, were also tested by flow cytometry to evaluate their ability to affect the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human prostate cancer cells (PC3).