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《动物医学进展》2016,(9)
通过对2011年—2014年从广西不同地区的活禽市场、养鸡场、野生鸟类保护区等地采集的咽喉腔及泄殖腔拭子进行病毒分离,用血凝及血凝抑制试验初步鉴定出含H9亚型禽流感病毒的样品,对其进行纯化得到17株H9亚型禽流感病毒,用针对H9亚型禽流感病毒HA基因、N2亚型禽流感病毒NA基因的特异性引物对分离株进行RT-PCR扩增,分别获得特异性目的片段后进行测序分析,结果显示所有分离株经鉴定均为H9N2亚型禽流感病毒。对所有分离株的生物学特性进行研究,发现17株H9亚型禽流感病毒分离株均符合低致病禽流感病毒的特点,其中16株分离株通过受体亲和特性测定证明具有SAα2,3及SAα2,6两种受体结合特性,提示具有感染哺乳动物的潜能。 相似文献
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《中国兽医学报》2015,(11):1786-1791
对2013—2014年15株不同来源的H7亚型禽流感病毒国内分离株进行了基因组测序与遗传进化分析。结果显示,15株H7亚型禽流感病毒具有遗传多样性,可分为2种亚型:13株为H7N9亚型,2株为H7N3亚型。HA蛋白裂解位点附近氨基酸分析显示所有H7亚型流感分离株均为低致病性毒株。基因组遗传进化分析显示,13株H7N9亚型禽流感病毒均与2013年人源分离株同源性较高,但具有2种遗传学特性,13株病毒的PB2、PA、HA、NP、NA、M和NS基因高度同源,而PB1基因来源于2个不同分支。2株H7N3亚型流感病毒与国内鸭源分离株同源性较高。15株H7亚型禽流感病毒PB2蛋白均未出现627K、701N等与哺乳动物适应性相关的氨基酸变异。13株H7N9亚型禽流感病毒HA裂解位点附近氨基酸(EIPKGR/GL)与人源H7N9病毒一致,且HA蛋白和M2蛋白分别具有与哺乳动物适应性和金刚烷胺耐药性相关的标志性变异,而2株H7N3亚型禽流感病毒未出现上述氨基酸变异。 相似文献
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为了监测鸡新城疫、传染性支气管炎、禽流感(H9亚型)三联灭活疫苗(LaSota株+M41株+SS/94株)对H9亚型禽流感病毒流行毒株的免疫保护效果,采用H9亚型禽流感病毒SS/94株及2009—2010年现地分离的3株H9亚型禽流感病毒对已免疫上述三联灭活苗的SPF鸡进行攻毒试验。结果显示,试验鸡以0.3 mL/只的剂量免疫三联灭活苗后21 d,其H9亚型禽流感病毒的HI抗体效价可达8~11log2,此抗体水平可抵抗2×106EID50的H9亚型禽流感病毒SS/94株、BLCN09株、WDZ09株、YT10株的攻击,攻毒保护率均达90%(9/10)以上。可见,以SS/94株作为禽流感疫苗抗原制备的三联灭活苗具有良好的免疫原性,能使免疫鸡抵抗2009—2010年期间现地分离的多株H9亚型禽流感病毒的攻击。 相似文献
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为了解我国H9亚型禽流感流行状况及流行毒株分子遗传进化特征,2013—2018年采集我国大部分地区养殖场鸡群的喉、泄殖腔拭子,进行了 H9 亚型禽流感病原学检测。对H9亚型禽流感检测阳性的病料进行病毒分离鉴定,并选取80株分离株进行HA基因遗传进化分析,并对其受体结合位点以及糖基化位点进行分析。研究结果表明:这80株分离株中,除2013年分离的1株毒株外,其余79株均属于Y4亚群;虽然这些分离株的裂解位点均属于低致病性禽流感特征,但具有致病性增强的风险。因此,加强 H9亚型禽流感的分子流行病学监测,及时掌握 H9亚型禽流感病毒的最新变异情况,对于我国禽流感防控具有重要意义。 相似文献
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为了分离鉴定病鸡排泄物中的禽流感病毒,并分析其遗传背景,通过鸡胚接种试验区和病毒特异性抗体中和试验区,从病鸡排泄物中分离鉴定出2株禽流感病毒,分别命名为A/chicken/Jinmen/JM0305/2017(JM0305)和A/chicken/Daye/DY0602/2017(DY0602)。利用禽流感病毒亚型特异性抗体中和试验区和基因测序分析等方法对2株禽流感病毒进行亚型鉴定。结果表明,2株禽流感病毒均属于H9N2亚型。为了解这2株H9N2亚型禽流感病毒的生物学特性,对其全基因组进行了分析以及毒力测定。结果显示,将2株毒株感染雏鸡后,未产生明显的禽流感临床症状,2株H9亚型禽流感病毒的MDT值分别为72.0h和91.2h,HA裂解位点处的氨基酸序列均为-PSRSSR/GL-,表明2株禽流感病毒均属于低致病性禽流感。遗传进化分析表明2株病毒的HA基因均在H9亚型分支上,NA基因均在N2亚型的分支上;通过进化树分析表明2株病毒属于以A/chicken/Beijing/1/94(H9N2)为代表的欧亚谱系。该结果为进一步研究鸡源H9N2亚型禽流感病毒分子进化奠定了基础。 相似文献
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为了解厦门市H9N2亚型禽流感病毒的分子生物学特性,从而为科学防控禽流感提供依据,对2015年的2株H9N2亚型禽流感病毒厦门分离株(A/chicken/Xiamen/09/2015分离自活禽交易市场、A/chicken/Xiamen/10/2015分离自某养殖场)进行全基因序列扩增、测定及分子生物学分析。结果显示:2株分离株的8个基因片段来自3个不同亚群;M、NP基因与安徽、江西、江苏(泰州)H7N9亚型禽流感分离株高度同源;6个基因出现毒力增强,以及与耐药性、哺乳动物嗜性相关的突变。研究结果提示,H9亚型与H7亚型流感病毒间存在基因重组风险,H9N2亚型禽流感病毒的流行会对公共卫生产生潜在安全隐患。 相似文献
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本研究利用血凝抑制试验(HI)、反转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)、基因测序等方法,对广东省某活禽交易市场进行流行病学调查时获得的两株非H5、H9亚型禽流感病毒65株和C7株进行了亚型鉴定。结果表明这两株病毒均具有血凝活性,且能被抗H6亚型禽流感病毒标准阳性血清特异性抑制。用针对禽流感病毒的M基因、H6亚型禽流感病毒HA基因、N2亚型禽流感病毒NA基因特异性鉴定引物对65株和C7株进行RT-PCR扩增,分别获得特异性目的片段。测序及BLAST分析表明两株分离株与H6N2亚型禽流感广东分离株的HA基因和NA基因核苷酸序列相似性均高达95%以上。将该两分离株鉴定为H6N2亚型禽流感病毒,并命名为A/Chicken/Guangdong/65/2009、A/Chicken/Guangdong/C7/2009。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒R株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离MG,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离MG。结果表明,人工感染48小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,96小时气囊已被感染,120小时输卵管已能分离到MG,卵巢始终分离不到MG。人工感染鸡自144小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出MG。药物治疗能在72小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需24天后逐渐降低蛋内MG分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内MG,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献