氟对体外培养绵羊成骨细胞RANKL mRNA基因表达影响

为了探讨氟对体外培养的绵羊成骨细胞中核因子кB受体活化因子配体(RANKL)mRNA基因表达的影响,进行了绵羊成骨细胞体外培养,分别加入含浓度为0、10-6、10-5、10-4、5×10-4mol/L氟化钠(NaF)的培养液,并于第6天提取细胞总mRNA,用半定量RT-PCR方法分析RANKL mRNA表达水平的改变.结果表明,10-6、10-5、10-4、5×10-4 mol/L NaF均能刺激体外培养成骨细胞RANKL mRNA表达,当氟化钠浓度为10-5及5×10-4 mol/L时,可以明显促进RANKL mRNA表达(与对照组相比P＜0.01).这说明氟呈剂量依赖性地刺激成骨细胞RANKLmRNA的表达.     

线粒体凋亡途径在玉米赤霉烯酮致大鼠睾丸支持细胞凋亡中的作用

为探讨玉米赤霉烯酮(zearalenon,ZEA)雄性生殖毒性作用机理,研究ZEA诱导大鼠睾丸支持细胞(sertoli cell,SC)的凋亡途径,试验选取大鼠原代SC为研究材料,用不同浓度ZEA(0、5、10、20μmol/L)处理SC 24 h后,采用实时荧光定量PCR法检测Bax和Bcl-2 mRNA表达水平;用Western blotting法检测Bax、Bcl-2等线粒体凋亡途径相关蛋白表达;同时检测了20μmol/L ZEA联合Caspase-8抑制剂(Z-IETD-FMK)处理对SC凋亡率和线粒体凋亡相关蛋白的影响。结果显示,与对照组相比,20μmol/L ZEA组细胞Bcl-2转录水平显著下降(P0.05),Bax转录水平显著上升(P0.05);10、20μmol/L ZEA组Bax/Bcl-2比值及Cyto-CytC、Cleaved Caspase-9、Cleaved Caspase-3表达量极显著上升(P0.01),而Mito-CytC表达量极显著下降(P0.01);与ZEA组相比,ZEA与Z-IETD-FMK联合处理可使ZEA诱导的SC凋亡率极显著下降(P0.01),tBid/Bid、Bax/Bcl-2、Cyto-CytC、Cleaved-Caspase3、Cleaved-Caspase9蛋白表达显著或极显著下降(P0.05;P0.01),而Mito-CytC表达量极显著上升(P0.01)。综合试验结果,ZEA能够通过线粒体途径诱导大鼠SC发生凋亡。     

线粒体凋亡途径在玉米赤霉烯酮致大鼠睾丸支持细胞凋亡中的作用

为探讨玉米赤霉烯酮(zearalenon,ZEA)雄性生殖毒性作用机理,研究ZEA诱导大鼠睾丸支持细胞(sertoli cell,SC)的凋亡途径,试验选取大鼠原代SC为研究材料,用不同浓度ZEA(0、5、10、20μmol/L)处理SC 24 h后,采用实时荧光定量PCR法检测Bax和Bcl-2 mRNA表达水平;用Western blotting法检测Bax、Bcl-2等线粒体凋亡途径相关蛋白表达;同时检测了20μmol/L ZEA联合Caspase-8抑制剂(Z-IETD-FMK)处理对SC凋亡率和线粒体凋亡相关蛋白的影响。结果显示,与对照组相比,20μmol/L ZEA组细胞Bcl-2转录水平显著下降(P<0.05),Bax转录水平显著上升(P<0.05);10、20μmol/L ZEA组Bax/Bcl-2比值及Cyto-CytC、Cleaved Caspase-9、Cleaved Caspase-3表达量极显著上升(P<0.01),而Mito-CytC表达量极显著下降(P<0.01);与ZEA组相比,ZEA与Z-IETD-FMK联合处理可使ZEA诱导的SC凋亡率极显著下降(P<0.01),tBid/Bid、Bax/Bcl-2、Cyto-CytC、Cleaved-Caspase3、Cleaved-Caspase9蛋白表达显著或极显著下降(P<0.05;P<0.01),而Mito-CytC表达量极显著上升(P<0.01)。综合试验结果,ZEA能够通过线粒体途径诱导大鼠SC发生凋亡。     

Fas/FasL在镉致PC12细胞凋亡线粒体通路中的作用

为探讨Fas/FasL在镉致PC12细胞凋亡线粒体通路中的作用,用10μmol/L CdAc_2和10 mg/L Anti-FasL单独或联合处理PC12细胞12 h,通过Hoechst 33258染色检测细胞的凋亡形态学变化,流式细胞术检测线粒体膜电位的变化情况,Western blot检测BID、caspase-9、caspase-3、PARP的活化情况,Bax和Bcl-2的表达情况。结果:与对照组相比,Cd处理组细胞凋亡率、tBID/BID比值、Bax/Bcl-2比值、cleaved caspase-9、cleaved caspase-3、cleaved PARP蛋白表达量均极显著升高(P0.01),线粒体膜电位极显著降低(P0.01);与Cd处理组相比,Anti-FasL与Cd共处理组细胞凋亡率、tBID/BID比值、Bax/Bcl-2比值、cleaved caspase-9、cleaved caspase-3、cleaved PARP蛋白表达量均极显著降低(P0.01),线粒体膜电位极显著升高(P0.01)。结果表明,Fas/FasL在镉致PC12细胞凋亡线粒体通路中具有重要作用。     

氯丙嗪对大鼠离体培养卵巢颗粒细胞凋亡的影响

本试验旨在通过氯丙嗪对颗粒细胞凋亡影响的研究,探讨氯丙嗪对雌性大鼠性腺毒性的作用机制。对未成熟的Wistar大鼠卵巢颗粒细胞进行原代培养,用不同浓度的氯丙嗪(0、0.1、1、10 μmol/L)染毒细胞,细胞培养24 h。染毒结束后采用MTT法检测细胞相对活力,荧光染料Hoechest 33258检测颗粒细胞的凋亡变化,RT-PCR检测凋亡调控基因Bax、Bcl-2和P53 mRNA的表达。在本试验所设置的剂量范围内,与对照组比较,氯丙嗪能极显著促进颗粒细胞凋亡(P＜0.01),呈浓度依赖关系;RT-PCR检测则显示氯丙嗪能引起Bcl-2、Bax、P53 mRNA表达水平和Bax mRNA/Bcl-2 mRNA值升高,除低剂量组的Bax mRNA表达水平和Bax mRNA/Bcl-2 mRNA值无明显改变外,其余各组与对照组相比均差异极显著(P＜0.01)。氯丙嗪可显著抑制大鼠卵巢颗粒细胞活力,诱导颗粒细胞凋亡。     

黄芪对大鼠睾丸间质细胞凋亡相关基因表达的影响

为探讨黄芪对大鼠睾丸间质细胞凋亡的影响,本试验通过向大鼠睾丸间质细胞的体外培养体系中添加终浓度为20μg/m L的黄芪提取液,利用荧光定量PCR技术研究黄芪对大鼠睾丸间质细胞凋亡相关基因Bax、Bcl-2表达量的影响。结果:添加终浓度为20μg/m L黄芪提取液的实验组与不添加黄芪提取液的对照组相比,间质细胞内Bax基因表达量显著降低(P0.01),Bcl-2基因表达量无显著差异,Bax/Bcl-2比值显著下降(P0.05)。结论:黄芪在一定程度上能够通过抑制凋亡基因Bax的转录,抑制大鼠睾丸间质细胞凋亡。     

α-硫辛酸对镉致PC12细胞线粒体凋亡途径的保护作用

为研究α-硫辛酸(α-lipoid acid,α-LA)对镉致PC12细胞线粒体凋亡途径的保护作用。10μmol/L醋酸镉和100μmol/Lα-LA单独或联合作用PC12细胞24h,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率,Western blot法检测cleaved caspase-3、Bcl-2和Bax蛋白的表达量和细胞色素C(cytochrome c,Cyt C)的释放。结果表明,镉引起细胞凋亡率上升,cleaved caspase-3表达上调,Bcl-2/Bax比值极显著下降(P<0.01),Cyt C从线粒体释放进入胞浆中(P<0.01);α-LA联合Cd处理,细胞凋亡率下降,cleaved caspase-3表达量下降,Bcl-2/Bax比值升高,并且能抑制线粒体中Cyt C的释放。表明α-LA对于镉诱导的PC12细胞凋亡的线粒体途径具有一定的保护作用。     

醋酸铅对小鼠卵巢颗粒细胞凋亡基因p53、Bax、Bcl-2表达的影响

将40只未成年雌性昆明系小鼠随机分成3个处理组和1个对照组,每组10只。处理组小鼠分别连续2 d腹腔注射铅10、20、40 mg/kg（按体质量给药）,对照组小鼠注射等体积的生理盐水。于注射后24、72 h分离卵巢,用原位末端标记法（TUNEL）测定卵巢颗粒细胞的凋亡率,同时用半定量RT-PCR方法检测凋亡基因p53、Bax、Bcl-2mRNA表达。结果表明,铅可促进颗粒细胞凋亡,且随剂量的增加和作用时间的延长,颗粒细胞中p53、Bax基因表达量逐渐增加,与对照组相比差异显著或极显著（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;而Bcl-2基因表达量则逐渐减少（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;表明铅可通过上调促细胞凋亡基因p53、Bax基因表达量,下调Bcl-2基因表达量,诱导卵巢颗粒细胞的凋亡。     

小花棘豆中毒对家兔睾丸细胞凋亡及Bcl-2、Bax表达的影响

将24只家兔随机分为对照组和试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组,试验组饲粮分别按照Ⅰ组15%(苦马豆素含量30mg/kg)、Ⅱ组30%(苦马豆素含量60mg/kg)、Ⅲ组45%(苦马豆素含量90mg/kg)的比例添加小花棘豆,对照组仅饲喂青干草,试验期70d;分别于攻毒后第14,35,70天每次每组随机采集2只家兔的睾丸,通过TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡,real-time PCR检测Bcl-2、Bax mRNA的表达,免疫组化检测Bcl-2、Bax蛋白的表达。结果显示:从第35天开始,试验Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组家兔睾丸细胞凋亡指数、Bcl-2和Bax mRNA的表达均与对照差异极显著(P<0.01),试验Ⅰ组家兔睾丸细胞凋亡指数、Bcl-2和Bax mRNA的表达均与对照差异显著(P<0.05);试验组家兔睾丸组织Bcl-2蛋白表达均明显低于对照,Bax蛋白表达均明显高于对照,其差异性随中毒时间的延长而变化。结果表明:小花棘豆中毒可导致家兔睾丸组织生精细胞凋亡,且与小花棘豆中毒呈现一定的时间-剂量效应,这种作用可能与Bcl-2和Bax基因表达有关。     

大蒜素对人结肠癌LS-174-T细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

为了探讨大蒜素作为潜在药物的可能性,试验采用不同浓度大蒜素(Allicin)作用人结肠癌LS-174-T细胞后,通过电镜、流式细胞术和荧光定量PCR等手段,观察细胞凋亡和细胞周期的变化,检测细胞线粒体膜电位以及基因Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA及其蛋白的表达水平。结果表明:大蒜素作用LS-174-T细胞48 h后,细胞有明显凋亡现象发生,细胞周期阻滞于S期与G2期,线粒体膜电位显著降低,Bax mRNA和蛋白表达均上调,Bcl-2 mRNA和蛋白表达均下调。说明在在本试验条件下大蒜素可通过调节Bax基因和Bcl-2基因诱导LS-174-T细胞凋亡,并延缓癌细胞的进一步增长。     

Scrapie in goats in Cyprus

Ovine scrapie was first recorded in Cyprus in 1985. Subsequently four dairy goats kept in two mixed flocks with affected sheep developed characteristic clinical signs similar to those seen in sheep. Fifteen goats from the two flocks were examined histologically and neurological lesions consistent with a diagnosis of scrapie were found in the four animals and in three others which had subsequently developed early neurological signs. These lesions were similar to those of naturally-affected sheep although neuronal degeneration and vacuolation were more severe in some cases.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.