鸡大肠杆菌异型外膜蛋白原生质体融合菌株的构建

以鸡大肠杆菌Wwl株(O78，OMP-3．Amp^R，K^5)和WD2株(O2，OMP-1，Amp^5．K^R)作为亲本菌株，采用溶菌酶-EDTA法制备原生质体，以PEG作为助溶剂，进行原生质体融合，得到4株双耐药融合菌株，融合菌株的形态、染色特性和生化特性均符合大肠杆菌的特性，且均能同时表达两个亲本菌株的外膜蛋白(OMP)抗原(OMP-3，OMP-1)和O抗原(O78，O2)．表明两个亲本菌株发生了融合和染色体重组。经多次传代证明融合菌株是稳定的。     

鸡大肠杆菌异型外膜蛋白原生质体融合菌株的构建

以鸡大肠杆菌Ww1株(O78,OMP-3,AmpR,KS)和WD2株(O2,OMP-1,AmpS,KR)作为亲本菌株,采用溶菌酶-EDTA法制备原生质体,以PEG作为助溶剂,进行原生质体融合,得到4株双耐药融合菌株,融合菌株的形态、染色特性和生化特性均符合大肠杆菌的特性,且均能同时表达两个亲本菌株的外膜蛋白(OMP)抗原(OMP-3,OMP-1)和O抗原(O78,O2),表明两个亲本菌株发生了融合和染色体重组。经多次传代证明融合菌株是稳定的。     

应用原生质体融合技术构建纤维素发酵产油脂菌株的试验

原生质体融合(protoplast fusion)技术是将遗传性状不同的亲本原生质体融合杂交的基因重组技术。从健康桑树根系中分离到一株产油脂内生真菌MOD-1,采用酶解方法制备内生真菌MOD-1和产纤维素酶菌株绿色木霉TP4、T44及长柄木霉TL的原生质体,获得4个菌株的原生质体产量分别为7.02×10~6个/m L、4.43×10~6个/m L、6.35×10~6个/m L和4.35×10~6个/m L,再生率分别为4.90%、3.26%、4.51%和4.12%。优化亲本原生质体灭活条件为:MOD-1菌株经紫外线照射10 min或加热15 min,TP4菌株经紫外线照射25 min或加热20 min,T44菌株经紫外线照射25 min或加热25 min,TL菌株经紫外线照射30 min或加热25 min。在上述条件下各亲本原生质体的灭活率均达到100%。将灭活的MOD-1菌株原生质体分别与不同方式灭活的TP4、T44、TL菌株原生质体融合,经初筛和复筛获得了一株兼具MOD-1与TP4双亲优良性状的融合菌株MP-1,其油脂产量、油脂含量(质量分数)分别为0.082 4 g/L、14.46%,显著高于亲本菌株MOD-1。融合菌株MP-1传代培养10代后,油脂产量与油脂含量的遗传稳定性分别达到92.84%和95.00%。     

表达Omp1和Omp2的猪大肠埃希菌融合菌株R2的构建

为了构建猪大肠埃希菌融合菌株,在药敏试验和MIC试验的基础上,对猪大肠埃希菌HY2株(O101,Omp1)和GXA1株(O107,Omp2)进行交叉耐药培育.以HY2(O101,Omp1,Amir,Czls)和GXA1(O107,Omp2,Czlr,Amis)为亲本菌株,采用溶菌酶-EDTA法制备两亲本菌株原生质体,通过聚乙二醇(PEG)助融,进行原生质体融合,得到3株双耐药融合菌株.结果表明,猪大肠埃希菌原生质体制备和再生的最适条件是:溶菌酶浓度为200 U/mL,作用时间为25 min.筛选得到3株融合菌株R1、R2、R3,均可凝集两亲本的O抗原,其中,R2凝集性更好更稳定.进一步结合SDS-PAGE分析,显示融合菌株R2能较好的表达两亲本菌株形状,经多次传代仍能够稳定遗传.     

鸭疫里默杆菌与大肠杆菌融合株的构建

对鸭疫里默杆菌（YL1）和大肠杆菌（ZYD2）原生质体的制备、再生、融合条件进行优化,成功获得了64株具有双亲菌株耐药性,能够同时凝集兔抗ZYD2血清和兔抗YL1血清,且能够稳定遗传的融合菌株;通过培养特性、菌落特征、融合菌株形态染色特性、生化试验等鉴定,筛选出4株典型融合菌株DL4、DL5、DL8、DL29。攻毒试验表明,ZYD2的半数致死量为1.5×107,YL1的半数致死量为5.0×107,4株典型融合菌株的半数致死量分别为2.8×108、1.7×108、1.0×109、4.4×109,融合菌株毒性比亲本菌株毒性减弱。免疫保护试验和免疫鸭抗体水平测定结果证实,融合菌株具有良好免疫原性。     

致病性大肠杆菌苗用菌株的原生质体融合的研究

对筛选的5株大肠杆菌(E2:O2、E6:O78、E7:O8、E9:O9、E22:O138)进行药敏试验以及致病性大肠杆菌原生质的制备、融合和筛选试验。结果表明:①5株大肠杆菌对多种抗菌素存在抗药性,并且这种抗药性能进行培育,同时,在原生质的融合过程中能递进;②大肠杆菌原生质体选择的最佳组合是:溶菌酶2.0 g/L,处理时间是20 m in;③大肠杆菌的融合率在10-8左右,大肠杆菌之间的融合率为10-6左右;共选出3株融合菌株为E2-E6、E6-E7和E2-E22,各融合株的生化特征介于起源菌株的生化特征之间,有2株融合株的抗原特征含原菌株各自的抗原成分。     

禽多杀性巴氏杆菌与大肠杆菌科间原生质体融合的研究

以耐药标记的华农系禽多杀性巴氏杆菌５：Ａ弱毒菌株与禽大肠杆菌Ｏ２弱毒菌株作亲本，在ＤＮａｓｅ１始终存在的条件下，采用溶菌酶－ＥＤＴＡ法制备两亲本菌株原生质体后再生，原生质体形成率均９０％以上，原生质体再生率为３５．６３％，５０．９３％。通过聚乙二醇－钙离子促融合剂系统，进行质体后再生，原生质体融合，成功地获得３株具有双亲本耐药性和双菌体血清型的融合菌株。     

猪大肠杆菌融合菌株R2灭活苗的研制及免疫试验

为了研究猪大肠杆菌融合菌株R2蜂胶灭活苗的免疫效果,试验以猪大肠杆菌原生质体融合菌株R2为菌种制备蜂胶灭活苗,采用肌肉注射方式免疫SPF小白鼠,以间接ELISA方法检测血清中IgG抗体水平,同时用2种不同血清型的猪大肠杆菌亲本菌株与免疫血清做玻片凝集试验,并对小白鼠进行攻毒保护试验。结果表明:该疫苗免疫性能较好,在免疫小白鼠后的第28,35天左右机体内的抗体水平达到最高值,融合菌株R2蜂胶灭活苗可对2种不同血清型的猪大肠杆菌亲本菌株的攻毒试验产生保护,而且安全性能良好,是一种效果较好的菌苗。说明融合菌株R2蜂胶灭活苗作为一种新型疫苗防控猪大肠杆菌病将成为一种可能。     

禽大肠杆菌外膜蛋白基因C(ompC)的序列分析

根据 Gen Bank中人源大肠杆菌 K- 12外膜蛋白基因 C(omp C)的核苷酸序列设计引物 ,应用 PCR方法从禽大肠杆菌 O2 、O78株及它们的融合双价弱毒菌株 O2 ,78(Norr Chlr)中分别扩增得到 omp C基因 ,序列测定及分析比较发现 ,3个菌株的 om p C基因均由 170 2 nt组成 ,核苷酸序列完全相同 ,只有 1个大的开放性阅读框 (ORF) ,长 10 92 bp,编码由 36 3个氨基酸组成的前 Om p C蛋白 ,前 2 1个氨基酸残基组成信号肽 ,成熟的 Omp C蛋白由 342个氨基酸残基组成 ,Mr为 4 0 0 0 0。其氨基酸序列也完全相同。从基因水平上证明了禽大肠杆菌 O2 、O78株及融合双价弱毒菌株 O2 ,78(NorrChlr)存在相同的外膜蛋白 C抗原 ,从而为进一步研究 Omp C蛋白的免疫原性奠定了基础     

糙皮侧耳与酿酒酵母原生质体电融合条件的研究

为构建兼取木质素降解能力强和生长速度快的新型菌株,以糙皮侧耳和酿酒酵母原生质体为亲本,采用双亲灭活标记方法,通过L16(45)正交试验研究交变电压、交变电场频率、脉冲场强、脉冲个数和脉冲间隔对两亲本电融合率的影响,利用拮抗试验和菌丝形态学比较方法对再生菌株进行筛选,RAPD分子标记方法对疑似融合株进行鉴定。结果表明:糙皮侧耳和酿酒酵母原生质体的最佳融合条件为交变电压30 V,交变电场频率1100 k Hz,脉冲场强6 k V/cm,脉冲次数4个,脉冲间隔10μs,融合率达到4.396×10-5。筛选出的3株疑似融合株均为亲本原生质体融合产物。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.