裙带菜可溶性膳食纤维对红细胞变形性影响

目的：研究裙带菜可溶性膳食纤维对红细胞变形性影响。方法：实验分体内和体外两部分。体内实验分4组（n=8）：①正常对照组;②高脂模型组;③裙带菜可溶性膳食纤维（UP—sdf）低剂量组（5％）;④UP-sdf高剂量组（10％）。8周后。颈总动脉插管取抗凝血,分离红细胞,检测红细胞变形性;体外实验,取高脂血症大鼠血,分离红细胞后,再以不同浓度（10^-7、10^-6、10^-5M）的UP—sdf处理红细胞,检测不同时间（15、30、45min）红细胞变形性变化。结果：高脂血症大鼠红细胞变形性较正常对照组有显著降低,2个UP—sdf组高脂血症大鼠红细胞变形性显著升高．体外实验显示,用UP—sdf（10^-3M）孵育30min后,红细胞变形性显著升高。结论：UP—sdf可增加红细胞变形性。     

裙带菜膳食纤维对大鼠红细胞膜及血小板细胞膜流动性的影响

目的：研究裙带菜膳食纤维对大鼠红细胞膜及血小板细胞膜流动性，为裙带菜膳食纤维利用提供实验依据。方法：将60只正常大鼠分为正常对照组，水不溶性裙带菜膳食纤维低剂量组（5％）、高剂量组（10％），连续30d颈总动脉插管取抗凝血，测定其荧光偏振度ρ、求得微粘度η、细胞膜流动LFU。结果：裙带菜膳食纤维组的血小板细胞膜的流动性明显高于对照组（P〈0．05），而荧光偏振度及血小板细胞的微粘度明显低于对照组（P〈0．05，P〈0．01）。结论：裙带菜膳食纤维可增强大鼠红细胞膜及血小板细胞膜的流动性。     

裙带菜膳食纤维对小鼠肠蠕动及血液流变学的影响

目的：研究裙带菜膳食纤维对小鼠的肠蠕动和血液流变的调节作用。方法：将60只小鼠分为正常对照组、水不溶性裙带菜膳食纤维低剂量组（5%）、高剂量组（10%），连续30d，取30只小鼠进行肠蠕支实验。另外，将30只小鼠统一摘除右眼取血，测定其血液流变学指标中的血细胞比容及全血高切、低切表现粘度。结果：裙带菜膳食纤维高剂量组小鼠的炭末推进百分率与正常对照组相比有明显的差异（P＜0.01）；裙带菜膳食纤维高剂量小鼠的血细胞比容、全血高切、低切表观粘度及红细胞聚集指数均明显低于对照组（P＜0.01或P＜0.05）。结论：裙带菜膳食纤维增强小鼠的肠蠕动并且可以降低血细胞比容及全血高切、低切表现粘度，可提高血液的流动性。     

阳离子CA对c—myc基因在内毒素致肝损伤中表达的影响作用

为探讨内毒素（ET）对大鼠肝脏c—myc基因的表达影响及阳离子（cA）对该过程的保护效应,本试验将72只清洁级SD大鼠随机分为对照组、内毒素组和阳离子A保护组,3组经相应处理后分别在3、4、8、12h采集肝脏作为样本。采用实时荧光定量RT—PCR检测法和免疫组化法分析,结果显示：在mRNA水平和蛋白水平上,ET可上调C—myc基因的表达,从而促进肝细胞凋i-,最终导致肝细胞损伤,CA则能明显下调c—myc基因的表达,从而抑制肝细胞凋亡,对ET诱导的肝损伤具有明显的保护效应。     

当归挥发油对自发性高血压大鼠miR122靶基因表达的影响

目的:观察当归对自发性高血压大鼠血管内皮组织miR122靶基因SLC7A1表达的影响,探讨其影响高血压发生的作用机制。方法:将自发性高血压大鼠随机分为模型组、当归挥发油组(低、中、高剂量组)、缬沙坦组,同周龄Wistar大鼠为正常对照组,每组8只,模型组及正常对照组给予等量生理盐水灌胃。QT-PCR法检测SLC7A1的mRNA表达水平,Western Blot法检测各组大鼠血管内皮组织SLC7A1蛋白表达量。结果:与模型组比较,当归挥发油高、中、低剂量组及缬沙坦组SLC7A1的mRNA表达水平均显著下调(P0.05);当归挥发油各组中SLC7A1的蛋白表达水平亦显著下调(P0.05)。结论:当归通过miR122下调SLC7A1的表达对血管内皮发挥作用。     

SF和ISF膳食纤维对胚胎存活率和母猪生产性能的影响

本研究分二个试验来探讨可溶性（SF）和不溶性（ISF）的膳食纤维对胚胎存活率和母猪生产性能的影响。试验一，选取43头初产母猪，随机分为4组，玉米-豆粕型日粮对照组（C组：1．16％SF，9．98％ISF）；添加30％富含SF的燕麦麸皮处理组（HS组：3．02％SF，10．06％ISF）；     

SD大鼠2型糖尿病动物模型的建立及胰腺组织SUR1 mRNA的表达

[目的]链脲佐菌素（streptozotocin,STZ）结合高糖高脂饮食诱导建立2型糖尿病大鼠模型,检测体重、血糖、胰岛素、胰岛素敏感指数（ISI）、胰腺组织SUR1 mRNA表达的变化。[方法]30只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为模型组（20只）、空白组（10只）。模型组喂饲高糖高脂饲料4周后,用STZ 30mg/（kg·bw）一次性左下腹腔注射。检测注射STZ后第1周、第4周、第8周、第12周空腹体重、血糖、胰岛素、胰岛素敏感指数等指标,进行统计分析。剖杀大鼠,取胰腺,RT-PCR方法检测胰腺组织SUR1 mRNA的表达。[结果]动物成模率为75%。注射STZ后1、4、8、12周,模型组血糖值均明显升高,与空白组比较,P〈0.01;ISI均明显降低,与空白组比较,P〈0.01。模型组SUR1 mRNA表达显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）。[结论]STZ一次性左下腹腔注射结合高糖高脂饮食可成功诱导2型糖尿病大鼠模型。SUR1 mRNA的降低可能是糖尿病发病的分子机制之一。     

裙带菜纤维对高脂血症大鼠降血脂作用的研究

为治疗高脂血症(HLP)另辟蹊径,探讨裙带菜纤维降血脂作用.采用高胆固醇饲料饲养大鼠,造成HLP模型.选择健康雄性Wistar大鼠50只,随机分为对照组及低、中、高3个裙带菜纤维剂量组.用酶法检测大鼠血清胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(LDL-C).结果大鼠血清TC、TG、LDL-C显著降低(与高脂对照组比较,P＜0.05或0.01).另外还具有升高HDLC.表明裙带菜纤维对HLP有治疗和预防作用,即裙带菜纤维具有较强的降血脂作用.     

NAC通过抑制大鼠肺细胞凋亡缓解镉致肺组织损伤

本试验旨在探讨N-乙酰半胱氨酸（NAC）在镉（Cd）致去卵巢大鼠肺细胞凋亡和肺组织损伤的缓解作用。40只雌性SD大鼠随机分为假手术对照（Control）组、Cd组、NAC组和NAC+Cd组，每组10只。18个月后，取大鼠肺组织，镜检观察组织HE染色与Masson染色后的病理学变化，应用火焰原子吸收光谱法检测组织中Cd的含量，应用qRT-PCR法检测组织纤维化关键蛋白Col-I和Col-III mRNA水平，并应用Western blot检测凋亡关键蛋白（Bcl-2、Bax及cleaved caspase-3）及p53的表达与Akt磷酸化。结果显示，与Control组相比，Cd组肺组织中肺泡结构消失和纤维组织增生，Cd的含量极显著增加（P<0.01），Col-I和Col-III mRNA水平、Bax/Bcl-2比值、cleaved caspase-3与p53的表达极显著上调（P<0.01），Akt磷酸化受抑制。与Cd组相比，NAC+Cd组减轻了肺组织病理变化，显著（P<0.01）降低了肺组织中Cd的含量，下调了Col-I和Col-III mRNA水平和Bax/Bcl-2比值、cleaved caspase-3与p53的表达，提高了Akt磷酸化水平。综上表明，NAC对Cd致大鼠肺组织损伤和肺细胞凋亡具有较好的缓解作用。     

饲粮中可溶性和不溶性纤维对怀孕母猪能量消化率、氮沉积和纤维消化率的影响

选择24头母猪（12头为初产母猪,12头为产经产母猪）来研究可溶性纤维（SF）和不溶性纤维（ISF）对能量的消化率、氮平衡和纤维的消化率。试验日粮包括玉米-豆粕型（对照组：SF为1．20％,ISF为9．78％）、含34％燕麦麸的高SF日粮（HS组：SF为3．02％,ISF为10．11％）、含12％小麦秸秆的高ISF日粮（HIS组：SF为1．11％,ISF为17．86％）以及含16％的甜菜粕日粮（HS＋HIS组：SF为2．32％,ISF为16．08％）。     

Spasmogenic action of endothelin-1 on isolated equine pulmonary artery and bronchus

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: There is currently little published information about the effects of endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent endogenous spasmogen of vascular and airway smooth muscle, on pulmonary vasculature and airways or which ET receptor subtypes mediate ET-1-induced vasoconstrictive and bronchoconstrictive action in the horse. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of endothelin-1 (ET-1) on smooth muscle from isolated equine pulmonary artery and bronchus. In addition, the roles of ETA and ETB receptors in ET-1 mediated contraction in these tissues were assessed. METHODS: The force generation of ring segments from pulmonary arteries or third-generation airways (obtained from horses subjected to euthanasia for orthopaedic reasons) were studied in an organ bath at 37 degrees C in response to exogenous endothelin and selective endothelin A (BQ123) or B receptor (BQ788) antagonists. RESULTS: ET-1 produced concentration-dependent contractions of the equine pulmonary artery and bronchus. The threshold for contraction was 10(-10) and 10(-9) mol/l ET-1 for pulmonary artery and bronchus, respectively. The maximal contraction induced by the highest ET-1 concentration (10(-7) mol/l) was 173 and 194% of the contraction obtained with 100 mmol/l KCl in pulmonary artery and bronchus, respectively. ET-1 potency was 25 times greater in equine pulmonary artery than in equine bronchus (concentration of ET-1 producing 50% of maximal contraction [EC50] = 5.6 10(-9) mol/l and 2.2 10(-8) mol/l, respectively). In pulmonary artery, ET-1 induced contractions were significantly inhibited by the ETA receptor antagonist BQ123 (1 micromol/l; dose-response curve to ET-1 was shifted to the right by 5.4-fold), but not by the ETB antagonist BQ788. In bronchus, dose-responses curves to ET-1 were shifted to the right by BQ123 (1 micromol/l; 2.5-fold), but not by BQ788 (1 micromol/l). In the presence of both antagonists, the dose-response curve to ET-1 was shifted to the right by 4.5-fold. CONCLUSIONS: These functional studies demonstrate that ET-1 is a potent spasmogen of equine third generation pulmonary artery and bronchus, and that contractions are mediated via ETA receptors in the former and both ETA and ETB receptors in the latter. POTENTIAL CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Endothelin receptor antagonists may have potential for treating equine pulmonary hypertension or bronchoconstriction.     

内皮素在肺动脉高压综合征肉鸡中的作用

通过急性试验确定内皮素（Endothelin，ET）对试验肉鸡肺动脉压的升压作用及其量效关系；在肉鸡快速生长期长时间给予ET，观察试验鸡发病率变化。结果表明：（1）在25ng／kg剂量静脉给予时，可引起肉鸡肺动脉压升高并达到与发病鸡相近的水平。（2）长期给予ET后，试验组30d发病率为6．7％，44d发病率13．3％，对照组发病率为0。同时，试验组红细胞压积（PCV）、腹水心脏指数（AHI）亦显著高于对照组。此结果表明，ET-1可通过缩血管效应引起肺动脉压升高，是致发肉鸡腹水综合征的一个重要因素。     

不同纤维类型与水平对肉兔消化、生长性能和胴体性状的影响

本研究旨在评估日粮不同纤维类型和水平对肉兔生长性能、养分消化和胴体性状的影响。试验将35日龄断奶、体重一致的128只肉兔随机分为4组,每组32只,每组4个重复。试验日粮采用2×2因子设计,2个纤维水平(低和高可溶性纤维),2个木质素水平(低和高木质素水平)。其中,T1组为低可溶性纤维低木质素,T2组为低可溶性纤维高木质素,T3组为高可溶性纤维低木质素,T4组为高可溶性纤维高木质素。试验持续4周。试验结果:日粮可溶性纤维水平对肉兔的采食量、日增重和料比具有显著影响(P<0.05),其中低水平可溶性纤维最高(P<0.05)。低水平可溶性纤维组粗蛋白质表观消化率显著高于高水平组(P<0.05),但高水平可溶性纤维组中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维表观消化率显著高于低水平组(P<0.05)。低水平可溶性纤维高木质素组盲肠干物质含量最高(P<0.05),但高水平可溶性纤维组盲肠pH最低(P<0.05),挥发性脂肪酸浓度最高(P<0.05)。高水平可溶性纤维组(T3和T3组)胃肠道和盲肠相对重量最高(P<0.05),而低水平可溶性纤维组肉兔的屠体重显著高于高水平可溶性纤维组(P<0.05)。试验结论:在本研究条件下,日粮低水平可溶性纤维水平可以提高肉兔粗蛋白表观消化率,改善饲料效率,提高屠体重量,降低组织脂肪含量。     

Digital blood flow and plasma endothelin concentration in clinically endotoxemic horses

OBJECTIVE: To measure plasma endothelin-1 (ET-1) concentrations and digital blood flow in clinically endotoxemic horses. ANIMALS: 36 adult horses that underwent emergency celiotomy for primary gastrointestinal tract disease. PROCEDURE: On days 2 and 5 following surgery, Doppler ultrasonographic digital arterial blood flow measurements were obtained. Hematologic and biochemical analyses were performed, and plasma concentrations of ET-1 and endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide) were determined. A scoring system based on 9 clinical variables was used to assign horses to group B (quartile with greatest cumulative score) or group A (remaining 3 quartiles). Follow-up at 2.5 years was obtained by telephone questionnaire. RESULTS: For all horses on day 2, median (interquartile values) plasma ET-1 concentrations were 1.4 (0.8, 1.7) pg/mL, whereas on day 5, plasma ET-1 concentrations were 1.0 (0.5, 1.6) pg/mL. On day 2, digital blood flow was 0.057 (0.02, 0.07) mL/min in group A horses and 0.035 (0.02, 0.03) mL/min in group B horses. On day 5, plasma ET-1 concentration was significantly (73%) higher in group B horses, compared with group A horses. Thirty of 36 horses were alive at 2.5 years; group A horses were more likely to have survived (odds ratio, 25; 95% confidence interval, 2.4 to 262). Significant associations were found between an increase in digital pulses, hoof wall temperatures, or both and increased digital blood flow (0.14 vs 0.04 mL/min) on day 2 and increased digital arterial diameter (0.32 vs 0.23 cm) on day 5. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Horses with more severe endotoxemia had decreased digital blood flow, increased plasma ET-1 concentrations, and decreased long-term survival.     

A cooperative action of endothelin-1 with prostaglandin F(2alpha) on luteal function in the cow

Prostaglandin F(2alpha) (PGF(2alpha)) is the primary luteolysin in the cow, and luteal endothelin-1 (ET-1) interacts with PGF(2alpha) during the process of luteolysis. In contrast, a developing corpus luteum (CL) is refractory to exogenous administration of PGF(2alpha). Thus, the present study was aimed to investigate the functional relationship between ET-1 and PGF(2alpha) in the mid-CL (PGF(2alpha)-sensitive) and early-CL (PGF(2alpha)-refractory). In the mid-CL model, cows (n = 6/treatment) were assigned to receive one of five types of treatments on day 10 of the estrous cycle: (1) an injection of saline; control, (2) a 500 microg of PGF(2alpha) analogue (sufficient dose to induce luteolytis); full-PG, (3) an intraluteal injection of 0.25 mg ET-1; ET-1, (4) a 125 micro g of PGF(2alpha) (insufficient dose to induce luteolytis); 1/4PG or (5) an intraluteal injection of 0.25 mg ET-1 after administration of a insufficient dose of PGF(2alpha) analogue; 1/4PG/ET. In the early-CL model, cows were assigned to receive one of two types of treatments on day 5 of the estrous cycle: (1) a sufficient dose of PGF(2alpha) analogue; PG (n = 5) or (2) an intraluteal injection ET-1 after a sufficient dose of PGF(2alpha); PG/ET (n = 7). In the mid-CL model, 1/4PG/ET resulted in a rapid reduction of progesterone (P) concentrations similar to that in full-PG from the next day. However, the levels of P in 1/4PG/ET (1.5-2.5 ng/ml) kept significantly higher than that in full-PG (< 0.5 ng/ml). ET-1 or 1/4PG did not decrease plasma P concentrations (4-6 ng/ml). The plasma ET-1 levels increased with the full-PG administration. In the early-CL model, both treatments had no effect on plasma P increase and ET-1 levels. The overall results indicate that the intraluteal ET-1 injection after administration of insufficient dose of PGF(2alpha) induces the depression of P secretion in vivo during the mid luteal phase in the cow, supporting the concept that ET-1 is one of a local mediator of functional luteolysis in the cow. The result further indicates that the early-CL is not only PG-refractory but also ET-1-refractory.     

Effects of dietary soluble or insoluble fiber intake in late gestation on litter performance,milk composition,immune function,and redox status of sows around parturition

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary soluble fiber (SF) or insoluble fiber (ISF) intake in late gestation on litter performance, milk composition, immune function, and redox status of sows around parturition. A total of 60 Yorkshire sows were randomly assigned into three dietary treatments: normal level of dietary fiber (CON, 16.16% dietary fiber with 1.78% soluble fiber and 14.38% insoluble fiber), high insoluble fiber (ISF, 30.12% dietary fiber with 2.97% soluble fiber and 27.15% insoluble fiber), and high soluble fiber (SF, 30.15% dietary fiber with 4.57% soluble fiber and 25.58% insoluble fiber). Digestible energy and crude protein intake were comparable among treatments via adjusting feed intake from day 90 of gestation to parturition. After parturition, all sows were fed the same lactation diet. Results showed that litter performance of sows was not markedly affected by maternal fiber intake. However, sows fed ISF or SF diet had increased concentration of plasma mmunoglobulin G at day 107 (P < 0.05) and parturition (P < 0.01), and the SF diet had a tendency to increase fat content in both colostrum and milk relative to the CON diet. Furthermore, sows fed ISF diet had increased glutathione peroxidase activity (P < 0.05) at day 107, but decreased the plasma level of malondialdehyde at parturition (P < 0.05). High maternal SF intake tended to decrease the number of weaned piglets due to the increased preweaning mortality, as compared with sows fed the ISF diet. In conclusion, high fiber intake in late gestation may improve immune function and redox status, but differentially influenced the milk composition and preweaning mortality.     

Effects of Rho-kinase and Src protein tyrosine kinase inhibition on agonist-induced vasoconstriction of arteries and veins of the equine laminar dermis

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of inhibition of Rho-kinase or Src-family protein tyrosine kinases (srcPTK) on agonist-induced contractile responses in equine laminar arteries and veins. SAMPLE POPULATION: Laminar arteries and veins obtained from 13 adult mixed-breed horses. PROCEDURES: Laminar vessels were mounted on myographs and exposed to phenylephrine (PE), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), prostaglandin F(2) (PGF(2)), and endothelin-1 (ET-1) with or without the Rho-kinase inhibitor Y-27632 (10 microM), srcPTK inhibitor PP2 (10 microM), or a negative control analogue for PP2 (PP3; 10 microM). RESULTS: Responses to PE were reduced by use of Y-27632 in laminar vessels (approx inhibition, 55%). However, Y-27632 reduced responses to 5-HT to a greater degree in veins than in arteries (approx inhibition of 55% and 35%, respectively). The Y-27632 also reduced responses of laminar veins to ET-1 by approximately 40% but had no effect on maximum responses of laminar arteries to ET-1, although a rightward shift in the concentration response curve was evident. Addition of PP2 reduced responses to PE, 5-HT, and PGF(2) in laminar veins by approximately 40%, 60%, and 65%, respectively, compared with responses after the addition of PP3; PP2 had no effect on responses to ET-1. In laminar arteries, PP2 reduced 5-HT-induced contractions by approximately 50% but did not affect responses to PE or ET-1. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results of the study were consistent with activation of Rho-kinase being important during agonist-induced constriction in laminar vessels, activation of srcPTK being an agonist-dependent event, and more prominent roles for Rhokinase and srcPTK in veins than in arteries.