应用反转录多聚酶链反应（RT－PCR）对鸡传染性法氏囊病毒的基因检测研究

参考Ｃｕｌ株核酸序列自行设计一对２０ｂｐ序列为引物，经反转录和ＰＣＲ扩增传染性法氏囊病毒（ＩＢＤＶ）核酸高度保守的Ｖｐ４编码区中１５０ｂｐ的片段，用于检测ＩＢＤＶ。对德国Ｃｕｌ株、美国标准强毒ＳＴＣ和变异株１０８４Ｅ、中国ｑ８０１以及７个国内野外分离株分别进行扩增，同时对新城疫病毒（ＮＤＶ）、马立克氏病毒（ＭＤＶ）、禽呼肠孤病毒（ＲＥＯＶ）、禽腺病毒（ＨＡＡ）、Ｖｅｒｏ细胞、ＳＰＦ鸡法氏囊组织进行扩增后，２％琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析，１１株ＩＢＤＶ都出现分子量大小与设计相符合的ＤＮＡ扩增带，４种其他病毒、囊组织和Ｖｅｒｏ细胞都未出现任何扩增带。建立了直接采用细胞毒或组织毒进行ＰＣＲ的快速简便的核酸提取方法，应用二级ＰＣＲ扩增出了与一级ＰＣＲ相符的更加清晰的扩增带。     

鸡传染性法氏囊病Vero细胞弱毒疫苗（VCV－901）兔疫鸡的抗体检测

鸡传染性法氏囊病Ｖｅｒｏ细胞弱毒疫苗（ＶＣＶ－９０１）兔疫鸡的抗体检测马兴树（河北邯郸农专牧医系）近年来，国内外养鸡生产者对鸡传染性囊病（ＩＢＤ）的防制工作极为重视，我国对ＩＢＤ的疫苗研究也取得了一定进展，但ＩＢＤ弱毒疫苗的生产均由鸡胚或鸡胚细胞制备...     

鸡,鸭体内传染性法氏囊病病毒的分离及理化性质比较

从疑似传染性法氏囊病（ＩＢＤ）病鸡及同群饲养的鸭体内各分离到１株病毒，用传染性法氏囊病病毒（ＩＢＤＶ）单克隆抗体夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ试验证明两病毒均为ＩＢＤＶ，病毒血清型为Ⅰ型。病毒可致死鸡胚，适应于鸡胚成纤维细胞并产生细胞病变（ＣＰＥ）。理化性质比较表明，两病毒为同源ＩＢＤＶ。研究表明，鸭可成为ＩＢＤＶ的携带者或传染源。     

贵州省传染性法氏囊病病毒野毒株核酸乃结构蛋白比较研究

采用氯仿抽提、聚乙二醇沉淀，再经差速离心和蔗糖密度梯度离心，从病变法氏囊组织中提取出较纯的传染性法氏囊病病毒。病毒核酸电泳分析表明，４株ＩＢＤＶ分离株均由双节段ＲＮＡ组成，大小基因片段的电泳迁移率毒株间无差异，ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ分析表明，ＩＢＤＶ分离株均由４条主要的结构蛋白带组成，近年从免疫鸡群中分离的地方强毒ＪＨ株及引自中监所的Ｉ型强毒Ｊ１Ｃ７株，其主要结构蛋白带与早年分离的ＩＢＤＶ野毒株相似，电     

鸡病毒性关节炎病毒适应Vero细胞的研究

５株已适应鸡胚细胞的ＡＶＡＶ在Ｖｅｒｏ细胞上传２～５代后各毒株均能产生明显的ＣＰＥ和较高的病毒滴度，而２株非鸡胚细胞适应株（分别为鸡胚毒和野外组织毒）在Ｖｅｒｏ细胞上盲传７代，仍无明显的ＣＰＥ出现。这一结果初步表明Ｖｅｒｏ细胞能用于已适应鸡胚细胞的毒株的增殖。而不能用于病毒的分离。吸附时间与冻融次数明显影响病毒的适应进程，以吸附１小时、冻融２次以上为佳。ＡＶＡＶＪＮ－１株能在Ｖｅｒｏ细胞上产生蚀斑，大小为２．７～４．４ｍｍ，出斑时间为接种后４～５天，Ｖｅｒｏ细胞用于中和试验，测得Ｓ（１１３３）株免疫鸡血清的小和效价为１：８０。     

从疑似IBD病鸡的法氏囊组织中分离到1株ARV

从暴发类似传染性法氏囊病（ＩＢＤ）的江苏省某鸡场采集病鸡法氏囊组织制成组织悬液，接种鸡胚卵黄囊，部分鸡胚３～５ｄ死亡，部分鸡胚不死亡但有病变。用感染胚卵黄囊和绒尿膜混合物，接种鸡胚成纤维细胞（ＣＥＦ），盲传３代后，发现以合胞体为特征的细胞病变（ＣＰＥ）。感染细胞做超薄切片电镜观察，可见细胞浆内病毒粒子呈整齐的晶格状排列。用免疫沉淀法提取病毒抽提核酸，经ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ电泳，可见规律排列的１０条带，呈３－３－１－３排列。与禽呼肠孤病毒（ＡＲＶ）参考毒株Ｓ１１３３株的核酸谱带的数目和位置相同。血清学试验与ＡＲＶ呈阳性反应，与传染性法氏囊病病毒（ＩＢＤＶ）呈阴性反应。证明分离病毒为ＡＲＶ     

麻雀体内传染性法氏囊病病毒的分离鉴定及理化特性研究

从传染性法氏囊病（ＩＢＤ）阳性麻雀体内分离到了一株病毒，用传染性法氏囊病病毒（ＩＢＤＶ）单克隆抗体心ＥＬＩＳＡ试验和ＤＩＧ－标记ＩＢＤＶｃＤＮＡ探针班点杂交试验证明该病毒为ＩＢＤＶ。病毒可适应于鸡胚和鸡胚成纤维细胞，产生细胞病变效应（ＣＰＥ）。病毒血清型为Ｉ型，病毒代谢抑制试验证明其基因组为ＲＮＡ，病毒核酸的电泳图谱呈两条特征带。病毒对乙醚不敏感ＰＨ２．０不能灭活可使病毒失感染性，５６℃作用３小时     

鸡传染性法氏囊病ELISA快速诊断盒的研制及应用

用ＩＢＤ－ＥＬＩＳＡ快速诊断盒对ＩＢＤＶ阳性法氏囊囊毒及ＩＢＤ阳性出血清，ＩＢＤＶ阴性法氏囊及ＩＢＤ阴性血清和ＩＢ，ＩＬＴ，ＥＳＤ－７６，ＲＥＯ，ＮＤ，ＭＤ等６种鸡传染病的抗原及阳性血清检测，只有ＩＢＤＶ阳性法氏囊囊毒及阳性血清呈阳性反应，证明快速诊断盒对ＩＢＤＶ法氏囊囊毒抗原及其抗体的检测是特异的，与其它６种传染病的抗原和抗体无效叉反应。与ＡＧＰ对比试验结果表明，检测ＩＢＤＶ阳性法氏囊囊毒时，快     

传染性法氏囊病超强毒致弱株的一些特性

某些传染性法氏囊病强毒株（ＨＶ－ＩＢＤＶ）通过鸡胚连续传代适应于鸡胚，鸡胚适应的ＨＶ－ＩＢＤＶ成功地在鸡胚成纤维（ＣＥＦ）细胞上生长，表现致细胞病变作用，鸡胚－细胞适应株对实验感染雏鸡的致病性大大降低，无一只死亡，法氏囊病变与标准株的相似，交叉病毒中和试验表明，细胞培养适应与标准株的抗原性有差异，免疫学试验表明，适应株免疫鸡后，对ＨＶ－ＩＢＤＶ强毒感染有很好保护作用，特别是免疫接种后３天攻强毒，适     

应用鸡胚法氏囊原代细胞培养鸡IBDV的研究

试用鸡胚法氏囊原代细胞传代、增殖鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒（ＩＢＤＶ），均不同程度地产生特征性细胞病变效应。采用双抗体夹心法ＥＬＩＳＡ和细胞毒回归鸡试验证实，ＩＢＤ－ＶＨ株组织毒适应于鸡胚法氏囊细胞，并随传代次数增加，病毒增殖能力增强；而在鸡胚成纤维细胞上盲传２代之后才开始出现细胞病变效应。比较了ＩＢＤＶ在鸡胚法氏囊细胞和鸡胚成纤维细胞上增殖能力的差异，讨论了培养基ＰＨ值、小牛血清浓度对鸡胚法氏囊细胞培养及病毒增殖的影响。     

The Characterization of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Strains/Isolates from Field Outbreaks in India

Pahar, B. and Rai, A., 1997. The characterization of infectious bursal disease virus strains/isolates from field outbreaks in India. Veterinary Research Communications, 21 (4), 289-301Three infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) isolates were adapted to culture in chick embryo fibroblast cells in which they produced a cytopathic effect. The isolates were identified as IBDV by virus neutralization tests using a standard hyperimmune serum against infectious bursal disease, physicochemical properties and their pathogenicity in chick embryos and chicks. The IBDV S394 strain was antigenically different from IBDV S194/IBDV S494 as well as from the IBDV Intermediate Georgia strain, one of the vaccine strains in use in India.     

Isolation and propagation of infectious bursal disease virus using the ovine kidney continuous cell line.

Twenty-six samples known to contain infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) were examined by virus-isolation attempts on ovine kidney (OK) cell line, Vero cell line, and chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cultures. Virus was isolated from two of 26 samples, three of 26 samples, and three of 25 samples on OK, Vero, and CEF cultures, respectively. However, in contrast to IBDV replication in Vero and CEF cultures, isolated virus was unable to induce serially sustained cytopathic effects (CPE) during successive passages in the OK cell line, unless cell lysates were treated with chloroform between every other passage. The cytopathogenicity of the untreated virus passaged in OK cells was revived and maintained upon passage in Vero cells. An initial single passage of laboratory or field material in OK cells followed by further passages in Vero cells resulted in virus isolation from six of 26 samples, which was better virus recovery than when either cell line was used alone or when CEF cultures were used. Twenty of the 26 test samples were originally positive when examined by nucleic acid hybridization with radiolabeled IBDV cDNA, indicating that some of the samples that were negative upon virus isolation using OK and Vero cells may have contained inactivated virus.     

Selection of an infectious bursal disease virus mutant with increased immunogenicity following passage under humoral immune pressure.

It is generally known that the pathogenicity of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) strains decreases following passage in cell culture. However, there is no information about the effect of passage under immune pressure on the phenotypic and molecular properties of IBDV. In the present study, a small plaque mutant virus with poor neutralization capability, but showing similar growth characteristics as the parental virus strain, QC2, was isolated after serial passage in Vero cells in presence of IBDV serotype 1 chicken polyclonal antiserum. This mutant virus showed reduced pathogenicity but enhanced immunogenicity compared to the parental virus. Sequence analysis of the non-coding regions of the genome revealed 4 and 3 nucleotide changes in the 3' non-coding regions of segments A and B, respectively, and none in the 5' non-coding regions. Restriction enzyme analysis of selected coding regions of the IBDV genome in both viruses revealed a loss of the PstI site in the VP2 region of the mutant virus. Selection of such mutant viruses by passaging under immune pressure may offer an improved method for developing safer and more effective attenuated vaccine strains against infectious bursal disease of chickens.     

Replication of infectious bursal disease virus in continuous cell lines

Three mammalian continuous cell lines--MA-104, Vero, and BGM-70--were tested for their ability to support replication of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). Selected tissue-culture-adapted vaccine strains and tissue-culture-adapted field isolates of IBDV replicated in the MA-104, Vero, and BGM-70 cells; cytopathic effects were most pronounced in the BGM-70 cells. The cytopathic effects of the viruses in BGM-70 cells and chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cultures were similar. Virus-neutralization titers of selected serum samples determined in BGM-70 cultures compared well with those obtained from CEF cultures.     

传染性法氏囊病病毒Vero细胞培养条件优化的研究

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒（ＩＢＤＶ）在Ｖｅｒｏ细胞上增殖条件的优化研究结果表明，ＩＢＤＶ在Ｖｅｒｏ细胞上敏感性有所提高；降低轿清含量，中性ｐＨ环境，适当高的细胞密度有利于ＩＢＤＶ的增殖。     

Organ culture of chicken bursa as a model to study the pathogenicity of infectious bursal disease virus isolates.

In vitro study with chicken bursal organ culture was attempted to assess the pathogenicity of locally isolated infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) initially isolated from the bursa of naturally infected birds. In bursal organ culture, lymphoblastic transformation was noticed as early as 24 hr postinoculation and reached maximum at 72 hr postinoculation. The other microscopic changes were increased number of macrophages and formation of plasma cells. The IBDV antigen was detected 24 hr onward by coagglutination test with antibody coated Staphylococcus aureus strain Cowan I. On the basis of lesion score, the three isolates of IBDV (A, B, and C) were graded as virulent (B isolate) and moderately virulent (A and C isolates). A similar pattern of pathogenicity was also observed in the in vivo pathogenicity studies in chicken based on bursa: body weight ratio and histopathologic lesion score. The bursal organ culture thus provides a useful experimental model to differentiate the IBDV isolates on the basis of their virulence.     

IBDV流行强毒HQ-b株与其细胞适应毒生物学特性比较及VP2、VP5基因序列分析

为了解IBDV流行强毒HQ-b株囊毒与其细胞适应毒间生物学特性差异及2毒株毒力变化与VP2、VP5基因变异的关系,对2毒株的细胞适应性、致病性等进行比较,同时对其VP2、VP5基因序列进行分析。结果表明,HQ-b株囊毒对CEF、CEK、CELi、DF-1和Vero均不适应,而细胞适应毒HQ株仅不能适应Vero细胞、且批内及批间毒价稳定。致病性结果显示HQ-b株对4周龄SPF鸡致死率高达80%,是真正的超强毒,而细胞适应毒致死率已降为0%。对VP2基因高变区研究表明,HQ-b株具备IBDV超强毒株的分子特征,即222A、256I、294I和299S;其细胞适应毒HQ株除222A→P、256I→V、294I→L和299S→N外,在VP2公认的毒力位点253(Q→H)、279(D→N)、284(A→T)位氨基酸也发生改变,导致细胞适应毒具备经典弱毒株的分子特征,即222P、256V、279N、284T、294L和299N。对VP5基因研究表明:流行强毒HQ-b株也具有IBDV超强毒株的分子特征;其细胞适应毒VP5基因有12个位点碱基突变并导致9处氨基酸变异,尤其是ORF区第2个碱基由"T"突变为"C"后,导致细胞适应毒VP5的N端丢失了4个氨基酸,这种突变与现有的疫苗毒完全一致。本研究提供了超强毒HQ-b培育、驯化后致病性和细胞适应性转变的分子机理,也丰富了IBDV分子流行病学的理论。     

Differentiation of infectious bursal disease viruses directly from infected tissues with neutralizing monoclonal antibodies: evidence of a major antigenic shift in recent field isolates

Two neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MCAs), R63 and B69, were used in antigen-capture enzyme immunoassays to verify the presence of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) in infected bursal tissues. The intra-serotype-common neutralization site defined by the R63 MCA was present on all IBDV isolates and laboratory strains tested. However, the neutralization site defined by the B69 MCA was found on only classic or older IBDV strains; it was not found on recently isolated variants of IBDV or on a majority of recent field viruses examined. The data suggest that a major antigenic shift in IBDV has occurred in the field and that this shift involves, at a minimum, the deletion or alteration of one of two neutralization sites previously found on classic IBDV strains.     

传染性法氏囊病病毒广西分离株血清亚型的确定

应用兔制备的抗传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)高免血清,在鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)上对从广西发病鸡群分离的4个IBDV代表性流行毒株和2个常用疫苗株进行交叉中和试验。结果表明6个毒株被分为2个血清亚型;根据试验所得的R值,应用聚类分析法分析了各亚型毒株之间的亲缘关系,结果显示目前在广西流行的IBDV野毒株之间以及其与疫苗株间的抗原性存在一定的差异。研究结果对及时掌握广西IBDV流行毒株的抗原变异并为研制更有效的适合本地使用的IBD疫苗提供了科学依据。