板栗花水提取物的抑菌活性研究

板栗花作为民间用药在临床上已有应用,并有一定的治疗效果,但是缺乏相关理论研究。为了解板栗花的抑菌效果,本研究将板栗花的水煮提取物制备含0.001g/mL,0.01g/mL,0.1g/mL和1g/mL的板栗花提取物药平板和药敏片,分别对供试菌株大肠杆菌O4、大肠杆菌O8、大肠杆菌O101、金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌进行药敏试验。结果表明:当板栗花提取物浓度为0.01g/mL时,所有供试菌株均高度敏感,这为板栗花的开发利用提供了理论基础。     

板栗花水提取物体外抑菌活性研究

板栗花作为民间用药在临床上有一定的治疗效果,但是缺乏相关理论研究。为了解其抑菌效果,本研究将板栗花的水煮提取物制备成浓度分别为0.001g/mL、0.01g/mL、0.1g/mL和1g/mL的药平板和药敏片,分别对供试菌株大肠杆菌O4、大肠杆菌O8、大肠杆菌O101、金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌进行药敏试验。结果表明,当板栗花提取物浓度为0.01g/mL时,所有供试菌株均高度敏感,这一结果为板栗花的开发利用提供了理论基础。     

苦参碱和氧化苦参碱对奶牛子宫内膜炎致病菌体外抑制试验

为了确定苦参碱和氧化苦参碱对奶牛子宫内膜炎致病菌的体外抑菌活性,选取奶牛子宫内膜炎致病菌大肠埃希菌和金黄色葡萄球菌为供试菌株,采用纸片扩散法、牛津杯法对2种生物碱进行了药敏试验,采用液体倍比稀释法测定了其最小抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果表明,苦参碱和氧化苦参碱对奶牛子宫中分离的耐药性大肠埃希菌和耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)均有一定的抑制作用。苦参碱对耐药性大肠埃希菌和MRSA的MIC分别为12.5 mg/mL和25 mg/mL,氧化苦参碱对耐药性大肠埃希菌和MRSA的MIC分别为25mg/mL和50mg/mL。     

上海地区猪鸡源大肠埃希菌AmpC酶基因型研究

为了解AmpC酶基因型在上海地区猪鸡源大肠埃希菌中的流行情况,收集2016-2017年上海地区12个养殖场950份健康猪鸡粪便,采用传统细菌学方法分离鉴定大肠埃希菌,采用药敏试验进行大肠埃希菌AmpC酶表型筛选以及PCR方法对常见的3种AmpC酶基因型(DHA-1、CMY-2、ACT)进行检测。共计分离出762株猪鸡源大肠埃希菌,药敏试验结果显示:头孢西丁MIC≥32 μg/mL且阿莫西林/克拉维酸MIC≥32/16 μg/mL的菌株共计86株,占比11.3%(86/762)。PCR结果显示:AmpC酶基因型 CMY-2阳性率为64.0%(55/86),DHA -1阳性率为4.7%(4/86),未检出 ACT 型。上海地区分离的大肠埃希菌AmpC酶基因主要以CMY-2型为主。     

狐狸源大肠埃希菌TEM1型耐药基因检测和耐药质粒消除研究

研究大肠埃希菌耐药性和耐药基因和十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)对大肠埃希菌耐药质粒消除作用。以大肠埃希菌临床分离株为试验菌株,采用K-B药敏纸片法对6种抗菌药物进行药物敏感性检测,并对大肠埃希菌耐药质粒TEM1型耐药基因进行PCR检测,采用SDS消除大肠埃希菌临床分离菌株的耐药质粒,采用琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测质粒条带,药敏试验检测大肠埃希菌耐药质粒消除前后的药物敏感性。结果表明,大肠埃希菌对庆大霉素敏感,对大观霉素中敏,对氨苄西林、阿莫西林、头孢拉定、环丙沙星耐药;大肠埃希菌耐药质粒检测出TEM1型耐药基因;试验菌株经7.5g/L的SDS处理至第3代时,质粒条带有明显的减少,TEM1型耐药基因消失,并且恢复了对β内酰胺类抗生素的敏感性,说明耐药质粒已经成功消除。     

中草药提取物对兔源性致病菌抑制作用试验

为了研究中草药提取物对家兔临床致病性大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌活性。采用醇提法和水提法提取其有效成分,通过管碟法和试管二倍稀释法测定中草药的抑菌效果。结果表明,石榴皮提取物对大肠埃希菌极度敏感;黄连、厚朴提取物对大肠埃希菌高度敏感;抑菌圈直径在15.0mm^20.5mm,最小抑菌浓度在15.6~31.3mg/mL,石榴皮、黄连提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌高度敏感;抑菌圈直径在16.0mm^19.5mm,最小抑菌浓度分别为15.6、7.8mg/mL,本研究为家兔致病菌的中药防治提供了理论基础。     

鸡血藤不同极性段提取物制备及体外抑菌作用初步研究

采用水、丙酮和乙醇等不同极性溶剂对鸡血藤有效成分进行提取,测定了鸡血藤不同极性段提取物对鸡大肠埃希菌、鸭大肠埃希菌及金黄色葡萄球菌等常见病原菌的体外抑菌效果。结果表明,鸡血藤的各种提取物对鸡大肠埃希菌的抑菌圈直径均小于13 mm,属低度敏感;对鸭大肠埃希菌有较好的抑制作用,属中度敏感,其抑菌圈直径大于13 mm,小于19 mm;对金黄色葡萄球菌为高度敏感,其抑菌圈直径在19 mm以上。鸡血藤微波提取物对鸡大肠埃希菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌作用最强,700 mL/L乙醇提取物对鸭大肠埃希菌的抑菌作用最强,最小抑菌浓度均为15.63 mg/mL。     

某规模化猪场大肠埃希菌O141的分离鉴定及药敏试验

从河北衡水某规模化猪场21日龄发病仔猪脾脏中分离到1株革兰氏阴性杆菌,通过菌落形态、培养特性和微量生化试验,鉴定为大肠埃希菌,应用大肠埃希菌O抗原定型血清鉴定为O141。该菌株对供试的14种抗菌药物均产生耐药性,其中多种常用抗菌药物对其完全没有抑制作用。动物致病性和毒素试验表明,该菌株在20 h内能够导致70%小鼠死亡,并产生热稳定肠毒素,为1株产肠毒素性大肠埃希菌。     

黄芩中黄芩苷的正交提取工艺及体外抑菌活性研究

采用正交提取法提取黄芩中黄芩苷,HPLC法检测其含量,并测定提取物对大肠埃希氏杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌两种供试菌的体外最小抑菌浓度（MIC）。结果表明,最佳正交提取工艺为A2B2C3,即乙醇浓度70％、体积100mL、冷浸36h,提取物对大肠埃希氏杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC分别为0．50mg／mL和0．20mg／mL。     

磷霉素钠和硫酸阿米卡星体外联合抗大肠埃希菌试验

用磷霉素钠和硫酸阿米卡星单一药物和联合使用对大肠埃希菌进行药物敏感性试验。结果表明,磷霉素钠和硫酸阿米卡星对大肠埃希菌的MIC值分别为64μg/mL和22μg/mL。联合应用对大肠埃希菌FIC指数为0.45,小于0.5,表现为协同作用。     

中国饲料工业协会第五届理事会顾问、会长、常务副会长、副会长、秘书长、副秘书长、常务理事、理事名单

顾问刘中一张德邻宋瑞祥聂振邦张子仪戎易王维四会长白美清国务院原副秘书长、第四届理事会会长常务副会长(8人,以姓氏笔划为序)刘永好新希望集团董事长、第四届理事会副会长刘汉元通威股份有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长陈丹广东恒兴集团股份有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长张延喜农业部原副部长、第四届理事会副会长吴明夏湖南正虹科技发展股份有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长陶一山唐人神集团股份有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长温鹏程广东温氏食品集团有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长谭竹洲原化学工业部副部长、第…     

Evidence for the non-involvement of the uterus in the lifespan of the corpus luteum in the cyclic dog

Progesterone levels in peripheral blood of dogs were analysed during the cycle in which hysterectomy (n = 5) or sham surgery (n = 3) was performed as well as during the cycle of dogs (n = 5) hysterectomized at least one year prior to this study; the data were compared with the findings in control dogs (n = 3). The averages of the duration of the luteal period observed in the three experimental groups were not significantly different from those of control dogs. Immediately after surgery, the progesterone level decreased from 25 to 50% of the presurgical level, but returned to presurgical level in about four days. Prolactin levels were elevated for about 30 h after surgery. Nevertheless, the averages of the mean prolactin levels for each animal during the luteal period of the experimental groups were not significantly different from those of control dogs. It is concluded that in the dog, the uterus is not involved in the lifespan of the cyclic corpus luteum.     

The influence of the width of the saddle tree on the forces and the pressure distribution under the saddle

As there is no statistical evidence that saddle fit influences the load exerted on a horse's back, this study was performed to assess the hypothesis that the width of the tree significantly alters the pressure distribution on the back beneath the saddle. Nineteen sound horses were ridden at walk and trot on a treadmill with three saddles differing only in tree width. Kinetic data were recorded by a sensor mat. A minimum of 14 motion cycles were used in each trial. The saddles were classified into four groups depending on fit. For each horse, the saddle with the lowest overall force (LOF) was determined. Saddles were classified as "too-narrow" if they were one size (2 cm) narrower than the LOF saddle, and "too-wide" if they were one size (2 cm) wider than the LOF saddle. Saddles two sizes wider than LOF saddles were classified as "very-wide". In the group of narrow saddles, the pressure in the caudal third (walk 0.63 N/cm(2)+/-0.10; trot 1.08 N/cm(2)+/-0.26) was significantly higher compared to the LOF saddles (walk 0.50 N/cm(2)+/-0.09; trot 0.86 N/cm(2)+/-0.28). In the middle transversal third, the pressure of the wide saddles (walk 0.73 N/cm(2)+/-0.06; trot 1.52 N/cm(2)+/-0.19) and very-wide saddles (walk 0.77 N/cm(2)+/-0.06; trot 1.57 N/cm(2)+/-0.19) was significantly higher compared to LOF saddles (walk 0.65 N/cm(2)+/-0.10/ 0.63 N/cm(2)+/-0.11; trot 1.33 N/cm(2)+/-0.22/1.27 N/cm(2)+/-0.20). This study demonstrates that the load under poorly fitting saddles is distributed over a smaller area than under properly fitting saddles, leading to potentially harmful pressures peaks.     

浅谈对症用药

对症用药就是通过对患病信鸽的症状进行诊断,进而确定病属,选择药物及如何用药的方法。     

军犬鉴别中的嗅源培养和易出现的问题及对策

嗅源是军犬嗅觉作业训练的依据.军犬鉴别中嗅源能力的培养在整个鉴别训练中占有重要地位,关系到鉴别训练的成败和鉴别能力的提高.所以,军犬在嗅认嗅源时必须按照训犬员的指令充分、细致地感受嗅源气味,并且对嗅源气味产生兴奋反应.如何培养军犬充分嗅认嗅源以及及时解决嗅认过程中出现的问题,成为我们进行鉴别训练的关键.……     

Observations on the Pathology of the Spleen of the Cat

Abstract— Lesions were found in the spleen of four of sixty-three cats examined post mortem in the department, and comprised two examples of lymphosarcoma, one of chronic fibrinous peritonitis and one of subcapsular haematoma. Abnormalities were found in two cat spleens received from veterinary surgeons in general practice. In one cat the abnormalities were an haemangiosarcoma with secondary deposits in the liver and in the other extensive mast cell infiltration. In addition lesions were detected in the spleen of three of eighty-seven cats examined post mortem in general practice. The lesions were: multiple secondary deposits of adenocarcinoma from a primary tumour of the mammary gland, a ruptured spleen and a foreign body below the splenic capsule. Résumé— L'examen microscopique de soixante-trois chats pratiqué dans le service a permis de rencontrer quatre fois des lésions de la rate, dont deux lymphosarcomes, une péritonite capsulaire fibrineuse et un hématome sous-capsulaire. D'autre part des lésions ont été trouvées dans deux rates de chat expédiées par des vétérinaires exerçant en pratiaue générale. Chez un chat il s'agissait d'un htmangiosarcome avec métastases hépatiques et chex l'autre d'une infilt ation diffuse par des mastocyta. De plus, on a rencontré des llésions dnas la rate de trois chats parmi quatre-vingt sept autopsies effectuées dans le cadre d'une clientèle génárale. Ces iésions étaient dés métastases multiples d'un adénocarcinome dont la tumeur primitive siègeait dam la glande mammaire, une rupture de la rate et un corps érangers sou capsulaire. Zusammenfassung— Läsionen der Milz wurden bei vier von dreiuiidsechzig in dieser hbteilung sezierten Katzen gefunden, und zwar in zwei Fällen ein Lymphosarkom, in einem Falle eine chron-ische fibrinöse Peritonitis und in einem ein subkapsuläres Hématom. Anomalien fanden sich auch in der Milz von zwei Katzen, die aus der tierxrztlichen Praxis eingesandt wurden. Bei der einen Katze war dies ein Hämangiosarkom mit Metastasen in der Leber, bei der anderen eine weitläufige Infiltration der Mastzellen. Außerdem wurden bei drei von siebenundachtzig in der Praxis sezierten Katzen Milzläsionen gefunden. Diese bestanden am multiplen Metastasen eines Adenokarzinoms der Brustdrüse, einer Milzzerreissung und einem Fremdkörper unterhalb der Milzkapsel.