应用2-DE技术对冷应激前后雏鸡血清蛋白质表达谱的差异分析

为了比较冷应激前后雏鸡血清蛋白质组的差异,试验采取冷应激处理前后的雏鸡血清,经双向电泳(two-dimensional electrophoresis,2-DE),考马斯亮蓝染色后用PDQuest凝胶图像分析软件测定分析了雏鸡冷应激前后的血清蛋白质组。结果表明:冷应激前后雏鸡血清蛋白质组具有明显的差异表达;成功建立了雏鸡血清蛋白质双向电泳技术。     

牦牛卵泡液差异蛋白质组双向电泳图谱的构建与质谱分析

从蛋白质水平了解牦牛季节性繁殖规律,利用双向电泳与质谱鉴定技术分析牦牛卵泡液与血浆蛋白质组分变化。以青海高原牦牛卵泡液与血浆为研究对象,采用双向电泳技术构建牦牛卵泡液与血浆蛋白质双向电泳图谱,银染后利用Image Master 2D Platinum软件分析并采用MALDI-TOF-MS进行质谱鉴定。用试剂盒ProteoExtract Albumin/IgG Removal Kit去除高丰度蛋白质后,利用2-DE技术获得了分辨率较高的卵泡液与血浆蛋白质电泳图谱,卵泡液与血浆蛋白质图谱对比分析共发现了24个差异表达蛋白质点,其中2个蛋白质点表达上调,22个蛋白质点表达下调。经质谱分析,最终成功鉴定出8个蛋白质点、5个未知蛋白质点。本研究成功构建了蛋白质图谱及分离鉴定的差异蛋白质,为从蛋白质水平揭示牦牛卵泡发育规律及了解卵母细胞发育的微环境提供了试验依据。     

水牛卵母细胞成熟前后的差异蛋白质组的分析

本试验以水牛卵母细胞为研究对象,通过基于双向电泳-质谱技术的蛋白质组学研究手段,鉴定卵母细胞成熟前后表达量存在变化的蛋白质并进行验证。通过优化方法建立水牛卵母细胞蛋白质双向电泳分离的技术体系,通过双向电泳(2-DE)获得成熟前后的卵母细胞蛋白质电泳图谱,软件分析得到差异表达蛋白质,对差异蛋白质进行飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF/TOF)分析,部分差异蛋白质合成抗体进行Western blot验证。结果表明,2组卵母细胞样品均获得约300个蛋白质斑点的双向电泳图谱。经ImageMaster软件比对分析,共发现在水牛卵母细胞成熟前后有27个差异蛋白质,其中表达上调15个,表达下调12个。将差异蛋白质斑点胶内酶解后用于MALDITOF/TOF飞行时间质谱鉴定,成功鉴定了6个蛋白质,包括主要穹窿蛋白(MVP)、热激蛋白60(HSP60)、Ras应答结合原件蛋白1(RREB1)等。Western blot结果表明,HSP60蛋白表达与双向电泳结果一致。本试验发现一批在卵母细胞成熟前后的差异表达蛋白质并进行表达量验证,推测HSP60蛋白可能在体外成熟时起到保护卵母细胞和物质转运的作用。     

蛋氨酸对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞亚细胞蛋白质组的影响研究

为寻找奶牛乳腺上皮细胞亚细胞结构中与泌乳相关的重要蛋白质、从蛋白质水平揭示乳蛋白合成的调控机制,应用双向凝胶电泳技术分离体外培养的蛋氨酸处理组与正常组奶牛乳腺上皮细胞蛋白质,利用Image Maser 2D软件对图谱进行对比分析,基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS)和数据库检索鉴定,并采用实时荧光定量PCR技术在mRNA水平上验证2-DE结果。质谱鉴定出8个表达上调的差异蛋白质,大多数差异蛋白质的功能涉及细胞骨架构成、能量代谢等过程。这些差异点的发现为研究奶牛泌乳机理提供了有益的线索。     

野牛草破眠机理的蛋白质组学分析

以野牛草种子为材料,以不同收获年份(2006年和2008年)去离子水浸泡和相同收获年份不同试剂(离子水浸泡和添加外源激素)浸泡为处理,应用蛋白质双向电泳技术和质谱技术鉴定了野牛草种子打破休眠过程中蛋白质表达的差异,从而探索破除野牛草种子休眠的分子机理.对2-DE图谱的分析表明,处理和对照中共检测到34个差异表达丰度2倍以上的蛋白质点；对其中的20个蛋白质点进行MALDI-TOF-MS分析,共有16个蛋白质点得到有效鉴定；功能分析表明,这些蛋白质主要参与了能量代谢、电子传递、光合作用、转录调控、信号传导、蛋白合成和生长发育等过程.     

家蚕绵茧突变品系中部丝腺的差异蛋白组学分析

为了获取与家蚕绵茧突变形成相关蛋白质的基础信息,采用蛋白质双向电泳技术对结茧性状具有明显差异的正常茧、绵茧、丝胶茧3个家蚕品系5龄期幼虫中部丝腺不同区段的蛋白质进行双向电泳(2-DE)分析,图谱中的蛋白点主要集中在分子质量14～70 kD、等电点(pI)4～9的区域。采用基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS)技术对部分表达量差异显著的蛋白点进行鉴定,获得35种可信的蛋白质,绵茧突变品系与正常茧、丝胶茧品系相比表达量有显著差异的蛋白质包括参与能量代谢、蛋白质合成等生物学过程的功能蛋白质,其中丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂16(serpin16)和丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂18(serpin18)可能与家蚕绵茧突变形成相关。     

雏鸡法氏囊蛋白质组学双向电泳技术的建立及其初步分析

为了建立并优化鸡法氏囊蛋白质组学的双向电泳技术体系,以不同日龄雏鸡的法氏囊组织为研究对象,用固相pH梯度胶条进行等电聚焦、SDS-PAGE垂直电泳,采用不同的样品制备方法,对上样量、水化、等电聚焦、胶条平衡和凝胶染色方法等进行一系列优化,并应用PDQuest8.0.1软件对图谱进行初步分析.结果显示法氏囊组织在pH 5～8范围、17 cm的2-DE胶上可以得到很好的分离,胶体考染后经PDQuest软件分析,在正常法氏囊组织可检测到800个以上蛋白点,不同2-DE图谱间蛋白点平均匹配率为83.5%,不同日龄雏鸡法氏囊存在有明显表达差异的蛋白质点37个,其中表达上调蛋白点17个,表达下调蛋白点11个,新增蛋白点5个,消失蛋白点4个,试验建立的鸡法氏囊组织蛋白质组双向电泳技术为法氏囊发育进化及其免疫功能的研究提供了新技术和方法.     

感染马传染性贫血病毒的巨噬细胞差异表达蛋白质组分析

为研究马传染性贫血病毒(EIAV)感染其主要靶细胞马巨噬细胞(eMDM)后与细胞蛋白的相互作用,本研究采用EIAV强毒株EIAVDLV34感染48 h后的马外周血单核细胞分化的eMDM,并以未感染eMDM为对照,提取细胞的蛋白质样品,进行双向凝胶电泳(2-DE)分离,并分析凝胶中差异蛋白点。结果共检测出19个表达差异的蛋白点(ratio1.4,p0.05),其中感染组相对于对照组有7个蛋白质上调表达,12个蛋白质呈现下调表达。将差异蛋白进行串联质谱分析进行鉴定,并通过生物信息学方法对这19个差异表达蛋白进行了蛋白互作用分析。此外,对其中5个比较重要蛋白的mRNA水平进行了荧光定量PCR分析,其表达变化与2-DE结果一致。本研究为进一步分析EIAV与其宿主细胞eMDM的相互作用提供了参考。     

二化性家蚕卵低温和常温催青的胚胎期蛋白质表达差异分析

家蚕二化性品种的滞育性受上代胚胎期环境条件调控,查找家蚕胚胎期滞育关联蛋白,可为最终阐明家蚕滞育的分子机制提供实验依据。以家蚕二化性品种秋丰的蚕卵为材料,分别在25℃常温和18℃低温条件下催青,提取胚胎不同发育时期蚕卵的易溶性和难溶性蛋白,采用蛋白质双向电泳(2-DE)和图像分析技术,研究蚕卵在胚胎不同发育时期的蛋白质差异表达谱。在易溶性和难溶性蛋白图谱中分别检测到5个和7个差异显著的蛋白点。对这些差异蛋白点进行质谱鉴定,有8个蛋白点得到可信的最佳匹配蛋白报告,共鉴定出卵特异蛋白、卵黄原蛋白、表皮蛋白和丙酮酸脱氢酶激酶4种蛋白。这些差异表达蛋白可能导致蚕卵胚胎中物质代谢和能量代谢的不同,据此推测低温和常温催青可能在蚕卵胚胎中诱导了不同的生理生化反应。     

Asia1型FMDV感染BHK-21细胞差异蛋白质点2-DE分析

为研究Asia 1型口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)感染BHK-21细胞后蛋白质组的变化及差异,将FMDV接种于培养的单层BHK-21细胞,同时设未接毒的BHK-21细胞作对照组.待细胞病变后分别提取2组细胞总蛋白借助2-DE技术及PDQuest8.0软件进行细胞蛋白质组二维电泳图谱差异性分析.结果显示感染组有1 457个可见蛋白质点,而对照组可见的蛋白质点为1 427个.感染组蛋白点的表达量与对照组相比,二者具有统计学差异(P<0.05)的蛋白质点472个,其中表达上调251个点,表达下调221个点,新合成蛋白点30个.结果表明FMDV感染BHK-21细胞后弓l起了细胞蛋白质组表达模式的改变,这种变化是病毒与细胞相互作用的结果.本研究首次利用蛋白质组学技术研究Asia 1型FMDV感染BHK-21细胞后蛋白质组学差异,有助于深入研究Asia 1型FMDV和BHK-21细胞相互作用的分子机制.     

盐碱胁迫条件下羊草差异表达蛋白质组学的研究

为挖掘重要的抗盐碱相关基因,进而阐述羊草(Leymus chinensis)耐盐碱胁迫的分子机制,采用荧光双向差异凝胶电泳(2D-DIGE)结合串联飞行时间质谱(MALDI TOF/TOF)方法,利用非盐碱条件下及Na₂CO₃处理下生长的羊草建立蛋白质表达谱,并进行差异蛋白质的分离鉴定。结果表明:2D-DIGE获得的74个差异蛋白点,其中蛋白质表达丰度上调的蛋白点44个,丰度下调点为30个,质谱鉴定显示其中33个蛋白质信息已知,参与了能量转换、代谢、光合作用、植物抗性和转录的过程。     

Differences in serum protein 2D gel electrophoresis patterns of Przewalski's (Mongolian wild horse) and thoroughbred horses

The objective of this study was to assess differences in serum protein expression profiles of Przewalski's (Mongolian wild horse) and thoroughbred horses using proteome analysis. The serum proteins were separated by two‐dimensional electrophoresis (2‐DE) and five different gene products were identified. Proteins represented by the five spots were identified by matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization–time‐of‐flight (MALDI–TOF) mass spectrometry (MS)/MS technology. The identities of all proteins were deduced based on their similarity to proteins in the human plasma protein database. Three proteins (a haptoglobin‐2 alpha glycoprotein and two haptoglobin‐2beta glycoproteins with different accession numbers) were downregulated in Przewalski's horse sera compared to thoroughbred horse sera. Moreover, two proteins (tetraspanin‐18 and pM5) were upregulated in Przewalski's horses compared to thoroughbred horses. Haptoglobin‐2 alpha and haptoglobin‐2beta may serve as candidate molecules in future studies of inflammation, coagulation, immune modulation and pro‐oxidant and antioxidant activity with consequential effects on the entire metabolism of the horse.     

Differential protein profiles in duck meat during the early postmortem storage period

The present study was designed to investigate proteomic differences in duck breast muscle during the early postmortem storage period. The meat quality was evaluated at 0 hr and 24 hr postmortem at 4°C in Pekin ducks, black Muscovy ducks and Mule ducks. Differentially expressed proteins were detected by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2‐DE) and matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization‐time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF/TOF MS) at 0 hr and 24 hr postmortem in the three duck breeds. The results showed that 53 proteins spots were differentially expressed at 0 hr and 24 hr postmortem at 4°C in Pekin ducks, 75 spots in black Muscovy ducks, and 72 spots in Mule ducks. A total of 30 (10 spots for each breed) were selected for identification by mass spectrometry. Seven proteins were identified in Pekin ducks, eight in black Muscovy ducks and seven in Mule ducks. Moreover, the above results obtained by 2‐DE and MALDI‐TOF/TOF MS were confirmed by western blotting. To our knowledge, this study is the first to provide insights into the protein profiles of ducks during postmortem storage and provides a better understanding of the biochemical processes that contribute to duck meat quality.     

Differences Between High‐ and Low‐Motility Buffalo Sperm Identified by Comparative Proteomics

This study was undertaken to investigate differences in protein expression between high‐ and low‐motility sperm of swamp buffalo. The research used two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) coupled to matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF/TOF‐MS) to analyse the different proteins. The results showed 18 different expression protein spots between high‐ and low‐motility buffalo sperm; eight of these proteins were up‐regulated in low‐motility sperm, five were down‐regulated, one deleted and four proteins specifically expressed. Finally, four proteins were successfully identified by MS as belonging to three unique proteins; they are outer dense fibre of sperm tails protein 2 (ODF2), ATP synthase subunit alpha (ATP5A1) and succinyl‐CoA synthetase subunit beta (SUCLG2). In summary, these results help to develop an understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated with low‐motility sperm and provide clues for finding molecular markers associated with sperm motility.     

Alteration in the Expression of Proteins in Unexplained Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Compared with in the Normal Placenta

The placenta is a unique pregnancy-related tissue and plays a key role in occurrence of unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss (URPL). Abnormal placentation might play a key role in occurrence of URPL. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the human placental proteome between URPL placentas and normal placental matched for gestational week. Total placental proteins were extracted, and the two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) technique was used for separation of the placental proteomes. Protein spots differentially expressed between URPL and normal placentas were selected and identified by the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF/TOF) technique after being digested in the gel. Moreover, quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot techniques were used to confirm the differential expression mass results for some differentially expressed proteins. The results indicated that at least 19 protein spots were differentially expressed between URPL and normal placentas (P < 0.05), and twelve of them were successfully identified. While only two proteins were downregulated (calumenin and enolase 1), the remaining ten spots (actin gamma 1 propeptide, cathepsin D prepropeptide, heat shock protein gp96, tubulin beta, tubulin alpha 1, glutathione S-transferase, vitamin D binding protein, prohibitin, actin beta, apolipoprotein A-I) showed increased expression in URPL cases in comparison with normal placentas. Real-time PCR also confirmed the downregulation of calumenin and upregulation of prohibitin and apolipoprotein A-I at the mRNA levels. In conclusion, the results of the present study showed that alteration in the expression of proteins involved in proliferation and migration of endothelial cells as well as control of coagulation by these cells might play an important role in the pathogenesis of URPL.     

家蚕孤雌生殖差异蛋白——热休克相关蛋白的生物信息学分析

应用双向凝胶电泳(2-DE)技术研究家蚕孤雌生殖蚁蚕和正常蚁蚕的总蛋白质的差异,得到与孤雌生殖相关的差异蛋白点,并对这些蛋白点进行基质辅助激光解吸电离串联飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF-TOF MS)分析,获得了相关差异蛋白的序列特征。将这些序列与已构建的家蚕cDNA文库及蛋白质数据库进行比对,得到3个差异蛋白为热休克相关蛋白。通过5-′RACE的方法克隆到3个差异蛋白的全基因序列,并对它们进行结构和特征分析,有助于进一步研究其与孤雌生殖的关系。     

Proteome changes in renal cortex and medulla induced by dietary supplementation with inulin‐type fructans in growing pigs

The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of dietary supplementation with inulin extract from chicory root and dried chicory root on the protein profile of the renal cortex and medulla of growing pigs. The experiment was carried out on renal cortex and medulla tissue collected from 24 50‐day‐old PIC x Penarlan P76 crossbred piglets (males). Animals were divided into three dietary groups (n = 8) and fed with a control diet, diet supplemented with 2% inulin extract from chicory root and a diet supplemented with 4% dried chicory root. Kidney samples were collected after 40 days of feeding, and renal cortex and medulla proteins were separated by two‐dimensional electrophoresis. Protein identification was performed using MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry. The diet supplemented with 2% chicory inulin induced significant expression changes of 20 and 26 protein spots in the renal cortex and medulla respectively. Supplementation with 4% dried chicory root triggered changes in the expression of 44 and 24 proteins in the renal cortex and medulla respectively. Both forms of chicory inulin‐type fructans effectively affected the expression of proteins involved in energy metabolism, heat shock proteins and other chaperones, cytoskeletal and cytoskeleton‐related proteins, as well as other proteins. Additionally, changes in transferrin abundance in both experimental groups suggested the significance of chicory fructan supplementation for iron absorption and bioavailability. In conclusion, 2% inulin extract from chicory root and 4% dried chicory root exerted a similar effect on changes in renal protein expression; however, more pronounced alterations were induced by dried chicory root. Nevertheless, further studies are needed for better understanding the mechanism underlying the effect of chicory inulin‐type fructans and their fermentation end products on the kidneys of growing pigs.     

益生菌和葡聚糖对冷应激状态下贵妃雏鸡血液学变化的影响

选择1日龄健康贵妃雏鸡192只,随机分为16组,每组12只。试验雏鸡经受比正常温度低10℃的急、慢性冷应激和冷适应处理,并对急性冷应激组添加益生菌、慢性冷应激和冷适应组添加葡聚糖处理。翼下采血制血涂片,镜检观察雏鸡白细胞分类变化,并用血细胞分析仪测定血相变化与之对比分析。结果表明,在急性冷应激期间,雏鸡的白细胞分类计数波动变化明显,嗜碱粒细胞数目和H/L比值都明显增加;血红蛋白、红细胞以及血小板数目显著增加。冷适应后淋巴细胞数目明显增加,嗜中性粒细胞明显减少,H/L比值下降。益生菌、葡聚糖处理对白细胞总数和嗜酸粒细胞影响明显,益生菌处理24h明显增加白细胞数量,葡聚糖处理15d降低了嗜酸粒细胞数目。本试验结果提示急性冷应激能引起雏鸡血液学参数的明显波动,贵妃雏鸡抗冷应激能力较强,而益生菌、葡聚糖能提高雏鸡适应冷应激的能力,改善应激状态下的免疫功能。     

The expression of VEGF,myoglobin and CRP2 proteins regulating endometrial remodeling in the porcine endometrial tissues during follicular and luteal phase

Endometrial remodeling is important for successful embryo development and implantation in pigs. Therefore, this study investigated change of proteins regulating endometrial remodeling on follicular and luteal phase in porcine endometrial tissues. The endometrial tissue samples were collected from porcine uterus during follicular and luteal phase, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), myoglobin and cysteine‐rich protein 2 (CRP2) proteins were expressed by immnofluorescence, immunoblotting, and determined by 2‐DE and MALDI‐TOF/MS. We found that VEGF, myoglobin and CRP2 were strongly localized in endometrial tissues during luteal phase, but not follicular phase. The protein levels of VEGF, myoglobin and CRP2 in endometrial tissues were higher than luteal phase (P < 0.05). These results may provide understanding of intrauterine environment during estrous cycle in pigs, and will be used in animal reproduction for developing specific biomarkers in the future.     

犬细小病毒VP2截短基因的原核表达及表达蛋白抗原性分析

采用PCR方法扩增了犬细小病毒（Canineparvovirus,CPV）2段VP2截短基因,将2段短基因片段分别克隆至原核表达载体pET-32a（＋）中,表达质粒命名为pET-32a-306和pET-32a-363。将pET-32a-306和pET-32a一363转化至宿主菌E．coliBL21（DE3）,IPTG诱导后进行SD孓PAGE和Westernblotting分析。结果显示,融合蛋白相对分子质量大小为30000和33000;与全长VP2蛋白相比,目的蛋白得到了高效表达,且都为可溶性表达。West—ernblotting结果表明,该蛋白融合表达并且有很好的免疫反应原性,可为CPV亚单位疫苗和免疫学诊断方法的研究提供候选抗原。