日本和牛胚胎移植的试验研究

[目的]为了在我国引进日本和牛这一高等级肉牛品种并迅速扩大纯种日本和牛的数量.[方法]分别采用CIDR+E2法和两次PGF2α法对胚胎移植受体牛做同期发情处理,采用一步细管法冷冻的日本和牛胚胎进行移植,观察妊娠率.[结果]表明,受体牛经CIDR+E2法和两次PGF2α法处理后12～48 h的发情率分别为82.7%和45.9%,两者之间差异显著(P＜0.05),对90枚日本和牛胚胎进行一步细管法管内解冻,然后给62头CIDR+E2法处理和28头两次PGF2α法处理的受体奶牛移植,受胎率分别为43.5%和42.5%,产犊率分别为40.3%和39.3%,两者之间差异不显著(P＞0.05).[结论]经同期发情处理的受体牛,只要其子宫环境及卵巢黄体发育良好,被移植日本和牛胚胎都能正常妊娠和产犊;用日本和牛胚胎对低产奶牛进行移植,经三代纯化即可获得纯种日本和牛.     

同期发情处理方法对受体牛胚胎移植效果影响的研究

试验设计3个组．分别采用CIDR＋PGF2α法、PGF2α一次注射法和PGF2α二次注射法3种不同的处理方法对120头西门塔尔杂交受体牛进行同期发情处理。结果表明：CIDR＋PGF2α法同期发情处理的受体牛黄体不合格率达47．4％．显著高于其他两组（P〈0．05）;胚胎移植产犊率为45．0％,分别比PGF2α一次注射法和PGF2α二次注射法低10．2和13．1个百分点。PGF2α二次注射法同期发情处理后的受体牛黄体不合格率仅20．5％,低于PGF2α一次注射法（P〉0．05）,显著低于CIDR＋PGF2α法（P〈0．05）;胚胎移植产犊率达58．1％,均高于其他两组。本试验初步显示：采用PGF2α二次注射法进行同期发情处理受体牛效果好,成本较低,操作方便,产犊率也较高。     

牛孕酮释放装置与前列腺素在胚胎移植中的应用

试验分别采用CIDR E2法和2次PGF2α法对胚胎移植受体牛做同期发情处理,鲜胚移植,观察妊娠率。试验结果表明,受体牛在12～36h发情率分别为85.5%和48.5%,二者差异显著。移植前对受体牛进行黄体检查,黄体合格率分别为79.3%和77.8%,差异不显著。受胎率分别为57.2%和54.1%,差异不显著。     

同期发情技术在奶牛胚胎移植中的应用研究

本文研究了同期发情技术在奶牛胚胎移植中的应用,以提高牛胚胎移植的效率和受胎率。根据以往的胚胎移植数据,分析了自然发情与PGF2α诱导的同期发情受体牛的冷冻胚胎移植受胎率,结果表明两者之间的受胎率没有差异。使用同期发情方法可以使受体牛集中发情,有利于集中观察发情和开展胚胎移植,节省时间并降低劳动强度,提高移植工作效率。本文同时研究分析了低温气候对同期发情效果和受体牛可用率的影响,结果表明在平均气温为-1~1℃,最低气温为-5℃时,可以采用PGF2α进行同期发情处理,发情率可达70%,可用率达到三分之一以上;但在平均气温达到-5℃,最低气温达-10℃时进行同期发情,发情率只有50%,可用率只有18.42%,表明在极端低温条件下,同期发情的效果较差,受体牛的可用率很低,影响胚胎移植工作效率。     

不同受体牛对黑毛和牛冷冻胚胎移植的效果

[目的]选择不同品种牛,利用同期发情和自然发情后作为受体牛,进行日本和牛冻胚移植研究。[方法]选择奶牛20头和南德温杂种肉牛41头作为受体牛,利用CIDR+PG做人工同期发情处理,发情后的受体牛移植和牛冻胚。统计分析受体牛的同期发情率和移植后的妊娠率。[结果]试验结果表明奶牛和南德温杂种肉牛的受体牛同期发情率分别为90.00%和85.36%,差异显著(P<0.05);在同一牛场场使用不同品种受体牛进行冻胚移植试验结果表明,15头奶牛和27头南德温杂种肉牛受体牛妊娠率分别为46.67%和48.14%,差异不显著(P>0.05)。[结论]只要符合胚胎移植受体牛要求,奶牛和南德温杂种肉牛均可作为和牛胚胎移植受体牛。     

优化胚胎移植受体牛同期发情技术方案的研究

用C IDR+PGF2 a+HCG法的Ⅰ组和GnRH+PGF2 a+GnRH法的Ⅱ组对108头受体牛进行同期发情优化技术方案的研究,结果表明:在60 h内发情率分别为100%、96.92%,2种方法发情率都较高,Ⅰ组比Ⅱ组相对更高一些,但2种方法间差异不显著(P>0.05)。从发情时间分布上比较,22 h内,Ⅰ组发情率为96.92%,Ⅱ组发情率为72.09%,Ⅰ组(C IDR+PGF2 a+HCG法)发情同期化程度高于Ⅱ组,2种方法的发情同期化集中程度存在显著差异(P<0.05)。Ⅰ组方法在胚胎移植利用率和移植妊娠率高于Ⅱ组,但2组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。用Ⅰ组方法处理本地牛和杂交牛,其发情率均为100%,2个品种间差异不显著(P>0.05)。Ⅱ组方法处理本地牛和杂交牛,其发情率分别为91.67%、100%,杂交牛发情率稍高于本地牛,但2个品种间没有显著差异(P>0.05)。品种对受体发情率的影响不显著。因此,用C IDR+PGF2 a+HCG法对胚胎移植受体牛同期发情处理效果较好。     

德系乳肉兼用型西门塔尔牛胚胎移植效果研究

[目的]建立德系乳肉兼用型西门塔尔牛群体,探索文山牛快速扩繁和生产性能提升技术。[方法]在马关县从600头文山黄牛、西本杂、安本杂和短本杂牛母牛中选择270头,用CIDR+PG法进行同期发情处理,选择黄体合格的受体,采用非手术法移植德系乳肉兼用型西门塔尔牛胚胎,在移植后60~90 d通过直肠检查法进行妊娠诊断,确定妊娠率,跟踪调查产犊情况,并测定胚胎移植所产犊牛的初生体重和主要体尺指标。[结果]受体牛同期发情处理270头,胚胎移植87头,妊娠28头,移植妊娠率32.18%;妊娠母牛中产犊17头,产犊率60.71%,产犊19头,成活16头,产犊成活率84.21%。公母犊牛平均的初生重33.00 kg,体高69.50 cm,体斜长62.19 cm,胸围72.69 cm,管围13.50 cm。[结论]首次在文山州开展了牛胚胎移植获得成功,杂交牛受体的移植妊娠率极显著或显著高于文山牛受体,秋季移植的妊娠率极显著高于春季和冬季的。提示以杂交牛为受体在秋季进行胚胎移植可有效提高移植成功率。     

不同处理方法对胚胎移植受体牛同期发情及受胎效果的研究

试验分别采用CIDR＋E2（孕酮阴道栓法）和两次PGF2α（氯前列烯醇）法,对胚胎移植受体牛做同期发情处理,鲜胚移植,观察妊娠率。试验结果表明,受体牛在12—48h发情率分别为85．5％争67．5％,两者之间差异显著（P〈0．05）。移植前对受体牛进行黄体检查,黄体合格率分别为79．3％和77．8％,差异不显著（P〉0．05）。受胎率分别为57．4％和54．9％,差异不显著（P〉0．05）。     

胚胎移植受体牛同期发情及受胎效果的研究

本试验分别采用CIDR+E2法和两次PGF2α子宫输注法,对胚胎移植受体牛做同期发情处理,鲜胚移植观察其妊娠情况。试验结果表明两种处理方法的受体牛在24~48h发情率分别为85.5%和51.6%,两者之间差异显著(P<0.05)。移植前对受体牛进行黄体检查,黄体合格率分别为79.3%和77.8%,差异不显著(P>0.05);受胎率分别为45.8%和42.4%,差异不显著(P>0.05)。24h后观察发情,6.5d直检,黄体A、B级者用于移植。     

PGF2α、孕激素和中草药催情剂诱导受体牛同期发情的效果比较

应用中草药催情剂结合PGF2α和PGF2α二次注射法处理受体牛均可获得较好的同期发情效果。其中中草药催情剂结合PGF2α处理组在48~96 h同期发情率可达到95%,PGF2α二次注射法处理受体牛的同期发情率可达到90%。两组处理受体牛同期发情时间主要集中于处理后的48~72 h。其中以PGF2α二次注射法处理受体牛成本较低。     

Fertility of N'dama and Bunaji Cattle to Artificial Insemination Following Oestrus Synchronization with PRID and PGF2α in the Hot Humid Zone of Nigeria

A study was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of a progesterone-releasing intravaginal device (PRID) and prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2alpha) in synchronizing oestrus in N'dama and Bunaji cows and heifers and the fertility following artificial insemination at the synchronized oestrus. A total of 116 cows and heifers (58 N'dama and 58 Bunaji) were used in two separate trials. In the first trial, oestrus was synchronized using a PRID, which was inserted for 12 days; in the second trial, oestrus was synchronized by giving two injections of PGF2alpha 13 days apart. Only animals that did not respond to the first injection were given the second injection. At the end of each treatment period, the animals were observed for oestrus for 7 days and inseminated approximately 12 h following detection of oestrus. Standing to be mounted was the single criterion used to judge an animal to have been in oestrus. PGF2alpha and PRID were both effective in synchronizing oestrus in N'dama and Bunaji cows and heifers. The respective oestrus response rates, pregnancy rate and conception rates for PRID and PGF2alpha were 85.7%, 53.6% and 62.5% for PRID, and 91.7%, 68.3% and 74.6% for PGF2alpha. N'dama cattle showed significantly (p<0.05) better oestrus response rate, pregnancy rate and conception rate than Bunaji cattle following both PRID and PGF2alpha treatments. The pregnancy rate and conception rate following PGF2alpha treatment were better (p < 0.05) than for PRID, although the oestrus response rate did not differ. It is concluded that both PRID and PGF2alpha are effective in synchronizing oestrus in N'dama and Bunaji cattle in the hot humid zone of Nigeria and the fertility to artificial insemination at the synchronized oestrus was normal and acceptable. Thus, PRID and PGF2alpha can effectively be used in intensive breeding programmes for the rapid multiplication and distribution of both cattle breeds, especially the N'dama, which is a unique and beneficial animal genetic resource for the tsetse infested hot humid zone of Nigeria.     

利用西杂牛和秦川牛做受体进行奶牛胚胎移植的对比试验

[目的]为了选择奶牛胚胎移植的理想受体。[方法]通过利用不同品种的本地黄牛～西杂牛84头和秦川牛77头做受体,进行荷斯坦奶牛胚胎移植效果的对比试验。[结果]西杂牛的同期发情率、受体可用率、受胎率都显著高于秦川牛（P〈0．05）,而且难产率低,奶水充足。[结论]表明西杂牛是奶牛胚胎移植的理想受体。     

敌百虫对大鼠肝细胞[Ca~(2+)]_i、ATP酶及GJIC的影响

通过给大鼠肝细胞培养液中加入敌百虫(染毒终质量浓度分别为0,2,10,50 mg/L),探讨敌百虫对肝细胞内钙离子([Ca2+]i)、Na+-K+-ATPase、Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase活性及间隙连接通讯(GJIC)的影响。结果显示,不同质量浓度敌百虫作用12 h,[Ca2+]i均极显著高于对照组(P0.01);随着染毒剂量的增加,Na+-K+-ATPase、Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase活性及GJIC均显著或极显著下降(P0.05或P0.01)。说明敌百虫对肝细胞有明显的毒性作用,GJIC的下调可能与Ca2+浓度的升高和Na+-K+-ATPase、Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase活性的下降有关。     

郏县红牛同期发情技术研究

本文采用四种同期发情方法(CIDR处理、撤CIDR栓后立即肌注PG、一次PG处理、二次PG处理)对郏县红牛进行处理,研究不同处理药物、处理方式、季节等因素对同期发情率的影响。结果表明,撤CIDR栓后立即肌注PG和二次PG处理组的同期发情效果显著优于CIDR处理或一次PG处理(P<0.05);对经产母牛的同期发情处理效果稍优于育成牛,但差异不显著(P>0.05);郏县红牛的同期发情处理效果具有季节性差异,夏秋季(5～10月份)的同期发情率显著低于冬春季(11～4月份)(P<0.05)。     

Fertility of Bunaji (Zebu) Cows after Treatment with PRID with or without PGF2α

A study was undertaken to determine the oestrus response and fertility rates of zebu cows treated with PRID alone or in combination with PGF2alpha. A total of 184 non-suckled cycling Bunaji cows were allotted randomly to four treatment groups of 46 animals per group as follows: group 1 (PRID-12), PRID was inserted for 12 days; group 2 (PRID+7+PGF2alpha-6, PRID was inserted for 7 days and PGF2alpha was administered intramuscularly 1 day prior to PRID withdrawal; group 3 (PRID-7+PGF2alpha-7, PRID was inserted for 7 days and PGF2alpha was administered intramuscularly on the day of PRID withdrawal; group 4 (2 x PGF2alpha-13, two intramuscular injections of PGF2alpha 13 days apart. At the end of each treatment period, the cows were observed for 7 days for behavioural oestrus and were inseminated 12 h following detection of oestrus. Pregnancy was diagnosed by rectal palpation 30-40 days post-insemination. The respective oestrus response rates were 78.3%, 76.1%, 87.0% and 89.1% for groups 1-4. While the corresponding pregnancy rates were 39.1%, 41.3%, 52.2% and 52.2%, the conception rates were 50.0%, 54.3%, 60.3% and 58.6% for groups 1-4. Although individual variations in progesterone levels were observed, the progesterone profiles were generally typical and normal. The results of the study have confirmed the effectiveness of the four regimes in synchronizing and controlling oestrus and ovulation in Bunaji cows. However, groups 3 and 4 showed some superiority over the other treatments. The results of this study provide feasible options from which clinicians involved in intensive breeding programmes and herd health fertility programmes can choose.     

和牛母牛超数排卵及胚胎移植试验研究效果初报

[目的]研究和牛母牛超数排卵及胚胎移植效果。[方法]利用纯种和牛母牛作为供体,荷斯坦母牛及西杂母牛作为受体,通过供体牛的超数排卵、人工授精、采胚、胚胎冷冻及受体牛的同期发情和鲜胚移植,快速获得纯种和牛及和牛胚胎。[结果]对4头青年纯种和牛母牛进行超排,重复冲卵13头次,共采卵数122枚,其中75枚可用胚胎,可用胚率为61.5%,平均5.76枚/头次。对75头荷斯坦牛及西杂母牛同期发情,结果获得89.2%的同期发情率。67头受体牛移植了鲜胚,2个月后妊娠检查有35头怀孕,移植妊娠率为52.23%。[结论]可以利用超数排卵及胚胎移植增加和牛母牛利用效率。     

不同糖蜜量对肉牛育肥效果的研究

[目的]为了探讨肉牛育肥过程中的糖蜜用量。[方法]从120头西杂牛中随机选48头,分为8组,每组．6头。以四个处理2个重复进行试验;Tr1为对照组,饲喂全株玉米秸青贮加精料;Tr2-Tr1＋糖蜜1kg,Tr3-Tr1＋糖蜜2kg,Tr4-Tr1＋糖蜜3kg。试验期100d,其中预试期·10d,试验期90d。每30d称重1次,在上午空腹称重。本试验数据采用SAs软件进行统计分析。[结果]表明：添加甜蜜的各组与对照组比较,净增重均有显著性差异（P〈0．05）,Trl平均净增重为83．88kg,显著低于（P〈0．05）添加糖蜜的Tr2、Tr3和Tr4,各试验组中以Tr3添加糖蜜2kg,净增重效果最好,为119．83kg,显著高于试验各组;同样添加糖蜜的各组ADG与对照组比较差异显著（P〈0．05）,Trl为0．92kg,显著低于（P〈0．05）添加糖蜜的各组。[结论]表明添加2kg糖蜜的Tr3肉牛的增重效果好而经济,头均比Tr1增收入556．67元。