鸡新城疫（ND）—传染性支气管炎（IB）—产蛋下降综合症（EDS）三联油乳剂灭活苗的研究Ⅲ免疫对比试验

鸡新城疫（ＮＤ）—传染性支气管炎（ＩＢ）—产蛋下降综合症（ＥＤＳ）三联油乳剂灭活苗的研究Ⅲ免疫对比试验艾武，张秀美，王莉莉，宋敏训，牟建青（山东省农科院家禽研究所２５００２３）用本室研制的ＮＤ－ＩＢ－ＥＤＳ７６三联油乳剂灭活苗和ＮＤ、ＩＢ、ＥＤＳ７６...     

鸡产蛋下降综合症—新城疫—传染性支气管炎三联油乳剂灭活疫苗试制

近年来,随着养禽业的发展,多联灭活疫苗越来越受到广大用户的青睐。鸡产蛋下降综合征（ＥＤＳ７６）,鸡新城疫（ＮＤ）,鸡肾型传染性支气管炎（ＩＢ）,是严重危害养禽业的病毒性传染病。为了有效的预防这三种传染性疾病发生,减少免疫接种次数,我们研制了ＥＤＳ－ＮＤ－ＩＢ（肾型）三联油乳剂灭活苗。试制３批分别测定安全与效力,结果安全性良好;免疫鸡２１ｄ后攻击ＮＤＶ、ＩＢＶ强毒均获８／１０以上保护。对免疫鸡２１ｄ分别测定ＮＤ、ＥＤＳ７６血凝抑制（ＨＩ）抗体的几何平均滴度（ＧＭＴ）,测ＩＢＷ９３的血清中和抗体效价…     

鸡新城疫—减蛋综合征蜂胶佐剂灭活二联苗的研究

首次用蜂胶作为佐剂，研制出鸡新城疫－减蛋综合征（ＮＤ－ＥＤＳ）二联灭活 ，在开产前１个月左右，用该苗按０．５ｍｌ／只的剂量皮下或肌肉注射免疫蛋鸡，接种后２０ｄ测ＮＤ抗体（ＨＩ法）效价为６．２５－７．０（ｌｏｇ２，）ＥＤＳ－７６抗体（ＨＩ法）效价为６．５－８．０，用ＮＤ－ＥＤＳ油乳剂灭活二联苗做对照，进行免疫持续期平行测定对比试验，免疫后１８０ｄ，蜂胶苗免疫组鸡的ＮＤ抗体滴度为８．５－８．７，ＥＤＳ     

几种常用鸡油乳剂灭活苗免疫抗体监测及比较

用血凝抑制试验（ＨＩ）监测鸡新城疫（ＮＤ）－减蛋综合症（ＥＤＳ）－传染性支气管炎（ＩＢ）三联、ＮＤ－ＥＤＳ二联及ＮＤ油乳剂灭活苗免疫抗体水平动态，结果表明，以上疫苗免疫鸡群后第１６天ＨＩ抗体达峰值，维持２个月，至免疫后一年ＮＤ抗体不低于８Ｌｏｇ２；ＥＤＳ不低于６Ｌｏｇ２，ＩＢ不低于８Ｌｏｇ２。经ｔ检验结果表明除ＥＤＳ有两组差异显著外，各组之间免疫后一年，ＮＤ、ＥＤＳ和ＩＢ血清抗体差异均极不显著     

新城疫-传染性支气管炎-减蛋综合征三联油乳剂苗免疫对比试验

用血凝抑制试验（ＨＩ）监测自制ＮＤＲＩＢＥＤＳ、ＮＤＫＩＢＥＤＳ三联油乳剂灭活苗免疫鸡的抗体水平,并进行相应强毒攻击,同时以ＮＤＥＤＳ二联、ＲＩＢ、ＫＩＢ等自制油苗和进口ＮＤＲＩＢＥＤＳ三联油苗作对照。在此基础上,用自制三联苗免疫产前鸡４批共３８５２只,进行了田间免疫试验。结果表明：１用各种疫苗免疫后,第２０天鸡体ＨＩ抗体达峰值,维持３个月左右,至免疫后３６０天,ＮＤ抗体仍维持在８０ｌｏｇ２以上,ＲＩＢ、ＫＩＢ和ＥＤＳ的ＨＩ抗体均在７０ｌｏｇ２以上。经检验不同疫苗免疫的鸡相应抗体在同时期内均无显著差异（Ｐ＞００５）。２攻毒试验也表明,自制苗和进口苗具有同等的免疫效果,均获良好的免疫保护。３田间免疫试验表明,自制三联苗免疫效果良好。     

鸡新城疫D10株和减蛋综合征GC2株鸭胚源二联灭活疫苗田间免疫 …

用同一鸭胚增殖鸡新疫Ｄ１０（ＮＤ－Ｄ１０）的减蛋综合征ＧＣ２（ＥＤＳ７６－ＧＣ２）两株病毒制成的异源二联灭活苗,与常规生产的新减二联灭活苗,分别免疫４月龄蛋鸡,均在免疫后第４周,产生的ＮＤ和ＥＤＳ７６ＨＩ抗体水平达到峰值,前者产生的ＨＩ抗体价分别为１０．６ｌｏｇ２和９．４ｌｏｇ２,后者为１０．１ｌｏｇ２和８．７ｌｏｇ２。免疫后第５２周,二者产生的ＮＤ和ＥＤＳ７６和ＥＤＳ７６ＨＩ抗体价均维持在７ｌｏ     

鸡产蛋下降综合症－新城疫二联油乳剂灭活疫苗的研究

鸡产蛋下降综合症－新城疫二联油乳剂灭活疫苗的研究周继宏，朱国强，王炳坤，王永坤（江苏在学院牧医系２２５００１）在研究病原特性和鸡产蛋下降综合症及新城疫两种油乳剂灭活苗的基础上，进行鸡产蛋下降综合症和新城疫二联油乳剂灭活苗（简称ＥＤＳ－ＮＤ二联苗）的研...     

鸡减蛋综合症油乳剂灭活苗免疫期试验研究

用四批四元材料制备的减蛋综合症油乳剂灭活苗分别免疫开产伊莎褐母鸡，不定期采血，连续检测ＨＩ抗体的动态变化，四批苗１２个月的平均ＨＩ抗体滴度均在５．４ｌｏｇ２以 ，该苗对鸡的ＥＤＳ－７６免疫保护其至少为１２个月。     

新城疫—传染性支气管炎—减蛋综合征三联油乳剂苗免疫对比试验

用血凝抑制试验（ＨＩ）监测自制ＮＤ－ＲＩＢ－ＥＤＳ，ＮＤ－ＫＩＢ－ＥＤＳ三联油剂灭活苗免疫鸡的抗体水平，并进行相应强毒攻击，同时以ＮＤ－ＥＤＳ二联，ＲＩＢ，ＫＩＢ等自制油苗和进口，ＮＤ－ＲＩＢ－ＥＤＳ三联油苗作对照，在此基础上，用自制三联苗免疫产物鸡４批共３８５２只，进行了田间免疫试验，结果表明：１．用各种疫苗免疫后，第２０天鸡体ＨＩ抗体达峰值，维持３个月左右，至免疫后３６０天，ＮＤ抗体仍维持在８     

鸡新城疫、减蛋综合症、传染性支气管炎三联油佐剂灭活苗的研究Ⅱ、不同单位病毒配比的三联苗对鸡免疫抗体产生的影响

分别用三个滴度的ＮＤＶ、ＥＤＳ_７６Ｖ、ＩＢＶ作正交配比，制成八组不同配比的三联油佐剂灭活苗，鸡免疫后每月采血分离血清，应用ＨＩ监测其抗体，结果表明，三种病毒适当配比，不产生干扰，疫苗的免疫效果与抗原量有关。本疫苗与Ｉｎｔeｒｖｃｔ公司生产的ＮＤ－ＩＢ－ＩＢＤ三联油佐剂灭活苗作比较试验，免疫鸡所产生的ＮＤ、ＩＢ抗体无显著性差异。应用含抗原量最低口比的疫苗，对不明原因的有产蛋率下降疫病感染史的鸡群作免疫接种，冬季该场蛋鸡群普遍发生产蛋率明显下降的疫病，用本苗免疫的鸡群产蛋享未受影响。     

鸡新城疫－传染性支气管炎－传染性法氏囊病三联灭活疫苗对不同日龄雏鸡的免疫效力研究

为评估鸡新城疫（ND）-传染性支气管炎（IB）-传染性法氏囊病（IBD）三联灭活疫苗对不同日龄和不同水平母源抗体雏鸡的免疫效力和持续期,本试验用该疫苗免疫7、14、21日龄SPF雏鸡和有母源抗体的普通雏鸡,免疫后采血测定ND血凝抑制抗体（HI Ab）、IB血凝抑制抗体（HI Ab）及IBD中和抗体（NA）,并用传染性法氏囊病病毒（IBDV）强毒攻击。结果显示,7日龄SPF雏鸡免疫后21 d ND HI抗体、IB HI抗体及IBD中和抗体效价分别为7.9log2、6.9log2和14.1log2,SPF鸡日龄越大,抗体水平越高;28日龄SPF鸡免疫后3个月,0.3 mL免疫剂量组试验鸡ND HI、IB HI及IBD中和抗体效价分别达6.5log2、6.1log2和13.6log2,IBDV攻毒保护率均为100%（10/10）;不同日龄普通雏鸡免疫效果与SPF鸡试验一致,抗体水平随鸡日龄增大而升高,IBD攻毒保护率也都达到100%（10/10）。试验结果证实,鸡新城疫-传染性支气管炎-传染性法氏囊病三联灭活疫苗可使7、14及21日龄SPF雏鸡和普通雏鸡产生良好的免疫力,对雏鸡的免疫期至少为3个月。     

油乳剂灭活疫苗不同接种途径的效力比较试验

采用北京市农林科学院畜牧兽医研究所免疫预防研究室制备的鸡新城疫、传染性支气管炎、减蛋综合征、传染性脑脊髓炎四联灭活疫苗,分别经颈背侧皮下、胸部肌肉及腿部肌肉共3个部位免疫SPF鸡,免疫后采血,测定ND、IB、EDS HI抗体,并用AEV VR株强毒攻击,攻毒后观察疫苗保护效果,比较不同接种部位对油乳剂灭活疫苗效力的影响。结果证明,经颈背侧皮下、胸部肌肉及腿部肌肉3个部位免疫均可产生同样好的免疫效力。     

鸡新城疫、传染性支气管炎、禽流感(H9亚型)三联灭活苗(La Sota株+M41株+Re-9株)应用效果研究

鸡新城疫、传染性支气管炎、禽流感(H9亚型)三联灭活苗(La Sota株+M41株+Re-9株)(三联苗(Re-9株))为国内首个采用基因重组H9亚型禽流感疫苗株研制的新支流三联灭活疫苗。为研究疫苗上市后的实际应用效果,使用7日龄AA肉鸡和260日龄产蛋期蛋鸡评价三联苗(Re-9株)有效性。结果显示:肉鸡免疫后14 d即可激发抗体,免疫后21 d,新城疫病毒(NDV)、传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)、H9亚型禽流感病毒(H9 AIV)的血凝抑制(HI)抗体分别达8.6log2、6.2log2、8.3log2,出栏时仍维持在较高水平;于免疫后14 d抽样进行NDV、H9 AIV攻毒,对照组均100%发病或排毒,免疫鸡均可获得100%保护;在蛋鸡上,免疫三联苗(Re-9株)后28 d,NDV、IBV、H9 AIV的HI抗体效价分别达12.0log2、7.8log2、12.2log2,免疫后6个月仍可以维持在较高水平。结果表明:三联苗(Re-9株)在实际应用中免疫效果较好,本研究将为鸡新城疫、传染性支气管炎、H9亚型禽流感的防控提供有力支撑。     

Protection of laying hens against infectious bronchitis with inactivated emulsion vaccines

Commercially-reared laying chickens were challenged at 31 weeks of age with a virulent infectious bronchitis (IB) virus. They showed a sharp drop in egg production, despite having been vaccinated at four and eight weeks old with live attenuated IB vaccines to a recommended schedule. In contrast, similar birds that had been further immunised at point-of-lay with inactivated oil emulsion IB vaccine, or with a combined IB/Newcastle disease (ND) emulsion vaccine, showed no detectable fall in egg production after the same challenge. Unvaccinated susceptible specific pathogen-free birds challenged at the same time stopped laying almost completely. In the birds revaccinated with emulsion vaccine, measurement of haemagglutination inhibition antibody levels to IB showed their geometric mean titres to be raised from less than 5 log2 at the time of vaccination to over 10 log2 four weeks later. Their antibody levels did not rise further followining the IB challenge whereas in the birds that had not been revaccinated antibody rises to nearly 10 log2 were detected after the same challenge. For pullets vaccinated earlier with live IB vaccine, revaccination with inactivated IB or IB/ND oil emulsion vaccine at point-of-lay provides a safe and effective way of protecting their egg production against IB infection.     

Optimization of hydrophile-lipophile balance for improved efficacy of Newcastle disease and avian influenza oil-emulsion vaccines

Preparations of inactivated Newcastle disease (ND) and avian influenza (AI) oil-emulsion vaccines with surfactant hydrophile-lipophile-balance (HLB) values between 4.3 and 9.5 were evaluated for their efficacy in broiler-type white rock chickens. Chickens were vaccinated at 3-4 weeks of age and bled at 2-week intervals over 8 weeks. Post-vaccinal hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) geometric mean titers (reciprocals) ranged from 197 to 485 for ND vaccines and from 184 to 1040 for AI vaccines. Based on the HI response, an HLB value of 7.0 induced the greatest stimulation of antibody titers. Ten percent surfactant in the oil phase of the vaccines induced maximum titers at this HLB. The oil:aqueous ratios of the vaccines did not greatly influence the overall serologic response when the vaccines had an HLB of 7.0. These results indicate that manipulating surfactant HLB values of OE vaccine may maximize the HI response in broilers.     

新城疫植物油乳剂苗的研究

应用植物油代替矿物油制备ＮＤ油苗，植物油苗时相中含２．５％或５％蜂蜡（ＢＷ，乳化剂），油相和水相比例为４：１，植物油苗免疫来航易感鸡，并采血检测清ＨＩ抗体效价，全部５％ＢＷ植物油苗的ＨＩ抗体和对照矿物苗Ｈ抗体无明显差异（Ｐ〉０．０５），而大多数２．５％ＢＷ植物油苗（２．５％ＢＷ花生油苗除外）及２．５％直溶ＢＷ植物油苗，大多数５％直溶ＢＷ植物疫苗９５％直溶ＢＷ玉米油苗除外）的ＨＩ抗体都明显低于（Ｐ〈     

鸡新城疫、传染性支气管炎、减蛋综合征、传染性脑脊髓炎四联灭活疫苗IB部分效力试验研究

采用《进口兽药质量标准》中传染性支气管炎灭活疫苗效力检验方法,对ND-IB-EDS76-AE四联灭活疫苗IB部分进行了效力检验。先用IBH120活疫苗作基础免疫,免疫后3～4周采血,然后用四联苗加强免疫,四联苗免疫后3～4周采血,将二次血清分别作IBHI试验。结果显示,IBH120活疫苗免后3～4周,其IBHI效价为3．6～4．610g2（1：12—1：24）,用四联苗加强免疫3～4周后,IBHI达6．2—8．610g2（1：74～1：388）,四联苗免后的IBm抗体滴度比免前提高了4．9～26倍,均大于3倍的标准。试验证明,该方法用于四联苗内IB部分效力检验是可行的。     

Immune responses of breeding chickens to trivalent oil emulsion vaccines: responses to Newcastle disease and infectious bursal disease

Bivalent Newcastle disease (ND)/infectious bursal disease (IBD) and trivalent ND/IBD/infectious bronchitis (IB) inactivated oil emulsion vaccines were prepared in the laboratory and evaluated under field conditions. Broiler breeder parent chickens previously vaccinated with live vaccines were inoculated with commercial monovalent ND and experimental bivalent or trivalent oil emulsion vaccines. The commercial vaccine induced a higher initial ND haemagglutination inhibition (HI) response than the experimental vaccines but, by 34 weeks after vaccination, the mean ND HI levels were not significantly different in any of the three flocks. All three vaccines provided sufficient ND immunity to protect against the clinical disease and egg production losses. The IBD responses of both flocks vaccinated with oil emulsion vaccine were similar to each other and only slightly lower than those flocks vaccinated with monovalent IBD oil emulsion vaccine in earlier experiments. Six weeks after vaccination, sufficient immunity was transferred to protect all the progeny against IBD challenge up to 33 days of age and some of them up to 45 days of age. Thirty-four weeks after vaccination of the parents with oil emulsion vaccine, the progeny were totally immune up to 27 days of age and some of them were immune until 37 days. Application of oil emulsion vaccines in bivalent or trivalent form did not impair the responses of the chickens to the monovalent components.     

合肥野生动物园5种雉鸡接种新城疫疫苗后抗体水平测定

选择成年白冠长尾雉5只,白腹锦鸡5只,白鹇3只,红腹锦鸡3只和孔雀11只,同时用L系弱毒冻干苗和新城疫油乳剂灭活疫苗进行免疫接种,通过血凝抑制试验(HI)测定其抗体滴度.结果表明,在免疫接种后26 d,白冠长尾雉抗体效价为9.8log2,白腹锦鸡为8.0log2,白鹇为8.0log2,红腹锦鸡为10.7log2;孔雀在免疫后接种0、8、15、20、25 d,抗体水平分别为3.8log2、5.0log2、6.2log2、7.5log2及8.2log2.