猪传染性胸膜肺炎PCR诊断方法的建立

根据已发表的猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌APXIV毒素的基因序列，自行设计和合成了二对可扩增448bp和365bp目的片段的引物，成功的建立了检测APP的套式PCR方法。通过对猪肺疫巴氏杆菌、猪链球菌、大肠杆菌、猪嗜血杆菌、猪肺炎支原体和猪丹毒杆菌的DNA进行了PCR检测，结果均为阴性；对猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌的1、2、5、6、7、9国际标准血清型均扩增出448bp和365bp的特异性条带；检测的敏感度一步PCR可达到5OO个细菌，最低检出DNA浓度可达到0．585ng／mL；套式PCR可达到50个细菌，最低检出DNA浓度可达到58．5pg／mL。另外，对5株从病猪体内分离的猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌进行了检测，5株均成阳性反应；对10只屠宰猪的肺脏分离物进行了检测，结果1份为阳性。结果表明此法特异性和敏感性均很高，可做为猪传染性胸膜肺炎的快速诊断和流行病学调查的手段。     

猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌PCR检测方法的建立及应用

猪传染性胸膜肺炎是由胸膜肺炎放线杆菌引起猪的一种高度接触性呼吸道传染病,该病可给养猪业造成巨大的经济损失。为有效控制和确诊该病,根据报道的猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌APXIV毒株的基因序列,合成了2对可扩增长度分别为442 bp和378 bp的特异引物,建立检测胸膜肺炎放线杆菌的巢式PCR方法。利用合成的引物在扩增猪肺疫巴氏杆菌、猪链球菌、副猪嗜血杆菌和大肠杆菌等细菌DNA时,结果均为阴性。用引物检测猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌的标准菌株可扩增出442 bp和378 bp的特异性条带。表明运用PCR法检测猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌的特异性和灵敏性均较高,可作为猪传染性胸膜肺炎的快速诊断和流行病学调查的手段。     

猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌血清6型PCR方法的建立及初步应用

为了建立猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌血清6型分子鉴定方法,本研究根据胸膜肺炎放线杆菌从编码荚膜多糖的碱基序列设计1对引物,扩增特异性的720 bp核酸片段。结果表明,以APP为模板,均能扩增出与预期一致的1条720 bp核酸片段,所得PCR产物经测序,与Gen Bank已发表的胸膜肺炎放线杆菌血清型6型的同源性达99%以上。本研究建立了PCR检测猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌血清6型分子鉴定方法,该方法的建立为猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌病的诊断和防治及鉴定提供了基础。     

猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌和副猪嗜血杆菌复合PCR检测方法的建立

目的建立可以同时检测猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌和副猪嗜血杆菌的快速而可靠的PCR检测方法。方法和结果根据胸膜肺炎放线杆菌的Apx-VIA基因序列、多杀性巴氏杆菌和副猪嗜血杆菌的16SrRNA基因序列设计5条引物。猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌和副猪嗜血杆菌模板的PCR扩增产物大小分别为342bp,485bp和1258bp。复合PCR对1～12型猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌标准株,6株多杀性巴氏杆菌标准株,1～15型副猪嗜血杆菌以及25株经生化鉴定确认为上述三种细菌的分离株的基因组DNA作为模板进行检测,均获得预期大小的扩增产物。以猪放线杆菌、吲哚放线杆菌等14种常见细菌作为阴性对照进行PCR检测,结果仅有支气管败血波氏杆菌产生了可以和上述三个特异性条带明显区分的PCR产物。复合PCR针对胸膜肺炎放线杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌和副猪嗜血杆菌的敏感性分别为14pg、34pg和37pg。结论本研究建立的复合PCR特异性好,敏感性高,可以用于猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌和副猪嗜血杆菌的快速检测。     

猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌PCR检测方法的建立

根据猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌(APP)外膜脂蛋白基因序列，设计合成了1对特异性引物。经PCR扩增，APP1～10标准血清型菌株均能扩增出大小为980bp的DNA片段，而大肠埃希氏茵、猪多杀性巴氏杆菌、猪链球菌、猪肺炎霉形体和葡萄球菌等的扩增结果均为阴性。该方法检测APP DNA的敏感性可达2pg。表明，此PCR方法特异性好，敏感性高，可用于猪传染性胸膜肺炎的快速诊断。     

地高辛标记探针检测猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌的研究与应用

利用PCR反应扩增出胸膜肺炎放线杆菌ApxⅣ基因650 bp的DNA,回收并纯化PCR产物,用地高辛标记,制备出地高辛标记的核酸探针。该探针与不同血清型的胸膜肺炎放线杆菌均能发生特异性杂交,而与大肠杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌、沙门氏菌、葡萄球菌、猪肺炎支原体、支气管败血波氏杆菌等细菌的核酸杂交均为阴性。对胸膜肺炎放线杆菌的最低检出限量为10×102 个放线杆菌。对疑似胸膜肺炎放线杆菌感染病变组织检测结果表明,在扁桃体、鼻腔、气管、肺脏均可检测出胸膜肺炎放线杆菌,以扁桃体的检出率最高。为猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌的诊断和流行病学调查提供了良好的方法。     

猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌PCR检测方法的建立

根据已经发表的猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌(App)dsbE-like基因的序列,设计了一对可扩增374bp目的片段的特异性引物。经PCR扩增,App1-4和6-10型标准菌株均能扩出约374bp的片段,而对大肠埃希菌(K88)、巴氏杆菌(5:A)和链球菌(Ⅱ)的扩增结果均为阴性。用建立的方法来检测分离菌株MC、ME和MH,结果表明,该方法能用于临床分离株的检测。灵敏性试验表明本方法对App菌液最低检出浓度为71cfu/mL。建立的PCR检测App的方法可用于临床上对App的检测。     

利用菌落多重PCR对传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌进行血清分型

参照文献报道的传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌的特异基因合成5对特异引物,建立传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌血清型分型的菌落多重PCR方法,结果为10株传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌血清型参考菌株均扩增出了相应的预期片段,而支气管败血波氏杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌、大肠埃希菌的扩增均为阴性。利用此多重PCR方法对41株传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌分离菌株进行血清型分型,结果所有菌株均扩增出了相应的特异片段,其中6株为1型,5株为7型,1株为5型,29株为9型。     

血清6型猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线扦菌的分离与鉴定

从广东某猪场出现呼吸困难、肺脏有出血性纤维渗出性病变的病死猪中分离出1株有多形性趋向的革兰阴性球杆菌，卫星现象观察、CAMP试验及V因子依赖性试验均为阳性，用PCR方法能扩增出各血清型猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌均有的apxIVA基因长约422bp的特异片段，小白鼠攻毒试验显示其有致病性，血清学检测表明该分离茵为血清6型猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌。     

猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌PCR诊断方法的建立与应用

根据GenBank登录的猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌(Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae,APP)血清1~14型的表面抗原蛋白D15和16S rRNA基因序列,设计2对特异性引物,分别扩增出637、431 bp两条核苷酸片段,建立了APP的多重PCR检测方法。特异性结果表明,血清1、3、5a、8、10型能扩增出两条与预期大小的片段,而扩增的大肠杆菌、巴氏杆菌、沙门氏菌、链球菌、葡萄球菌均成阴性。敏感性试验结果表明,最低检出浓度为50/μL。对临床分离的5株疑似APP菌株进行PCR,结果表明,其中4株为阳性,1株为阴性。提示,该方法的特异性和敏感性均良好。     

Detection of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in pigs by real-time quantitative PCR for the apxIVA gene

A real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) for detection of the apxIVA gene of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae was validated using pure cultures of A. pleuropneumoniae and tonsillar and nasal swabs from experimentally inoculated Caesarean-derived/colostrum-deprived piglets and naturally infected conventional pigs. The analytical sensitivity was 5colony forming units/reaction. In comparison with selective bacterial examination using tonsillar samples from inoculated animals, the diagnostic sensitivity of the qPCR was 0.98 and the diagnostic specificity was 1.0. The qPCR showed consistent results in repeatedly sampled conventional pigs. Tonsillar brush samples and apxIVA qPCR analysis may be useful for further epidemiological studies and monitoring for A. pleuropneumoniae.     

大肠埃希氏菌-胸膜肺炎放线杆菌穿梭载体构建

合成胸膜肺炎放线杆菌质粒pKMA2425上长度为126bp及2214bp的2个DNA片段,克隆到大肠埃希氏菌质粒pGSI中,获得重组质粒pGSIA。PCR扩增pTKRED上的大观霉素抗性基因及线性化的pGSIA（126bpDNA片段-pGSI-2214bpDNA片段）,连接,电转化胸膜肺炎放线杆菌,在大观霉素的选择压力下筛选鉴定到连接正确的质粒,命名为pGSIAS。pGSIAS测序结果符合预期。在大观霉素的选择压力下,含有pGSIAS的胸膜肺炎放线杆菌血清1-10型菌株均生长良好;在氨苄青霉素的选择压力下,含有pGSIAS的大肠埃希氏菌生长良好。结果表明本研究构建的大肠埃希氏菌-胸膜肺炎放线杆菌穿梭载体pGSIAS序列正确,在胸膜肺炎放线杆菌及大肠埃希氏菌中均能复制并表达质粒上的相关基因。     

Identification and detection of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae by PCR based on the gene apxIVA

The apxIVA gene, a recently discovered RTX determinant of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, was shown to be species-specific. DNA hybridization experiments using probes for various regions of apxIVA revealed that the 3'-terminus of this gene was present in all 14 serotypes of A. pleuropneumoniae but absent from phylogenetically related species. A primer pair spanning this region specifically amplified a 422bp fragment in PCR experiments with DNA from the reference strains of the 14 serotypes and 194 field strains isolated from various geographic locations worldwide. DNA sequence analysis of PCR products derived from all serotypes were identical except in serotypes 3, 8, and 10, which showed minor differences. The PCR did not amplify any product when DNA from 17 different bacterial species closely related to A. pleuropneumoniae was used as template. In addition, the PCR was negative with DNA of several Actinobacillus sp. which were initially characterized as A. pleuropneumoniae using routine phenotypic and serological analyses but which were subsequently shown by 16S rRNA sequence analysis to belong to yet undefined Actinobacillus species. The sensitivity of the PCR was determined to be 10pg of A. pleuropneumoniae DNA. A set of nested primers amplified a 377bp fragment specifically with A. pleuropneumoniae DNA. DNA titration experiments using the flanking and nested primer pairs showed an improved level of sensitivity to approximately 10fg of genomic DNA. The nested PCR was used to monitor the spread of A. pleuropneumoniae in pigs experimentally infected with a virulent serotype 1 strain and housed in a controlled environment facility. A. pleuropneumoniae DNA could be detected by nested PCR in nasal swab samples of infected pigs receiving either a high dose (5x10(5)) or a low dose (1x10(4)) challenge and in unchallenged cohorts that were contact-infected by the inoculated animals. Furthermore, PCR confirmed the presence of A. pleuropneumoniae in 16/17 homogenates from necrotic lung lesions, while the bacterium was successfully recovered from 13 of these lesions by culture.     

斑点杂交法检测猪传染性胸膜肺炎

将位于猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌(APP) apx A毒素基因 3′端的长为 442 bp的DNA片段作为模板制备出地高辛标记的 APP核酸探针。敏感性检测结果表明 ,该探针对 APPDNA的最低检出量为 1 .8ng。特异性检测结果表明 ,该探针能与 APP1～ 1 0血清型标准菌株 DNA抽提物发生特异性杂交反应 ,而与多杀性巴氏杆菌A型和 B型、链球菌、支气管败血波氏杆菌、肺炎双球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌 DNA进行的杂交反应均为阴性。应用该探针对临床 6份阳性病料 ,1 1份纤维渗出性病料进行检测 ,结果阳性病料全部检出 ;而对于 1 1份纤维渗出性病料 ,斑点杂交检出 4份是阳性 ,比 PCR方法 6/ 1 1的检出率要低 ,但仍表明所制备的探针用于 APP的检测是一种比较敏感、特异的诊断方法。     

Prevalence of "Actinobacillus porcitonsillarum" in porcine tonsils and development of a diagnosis duplex PCR differentiating between "Actinobacillus porcitonsillarum" and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

"Actinobacillus porcitonsillarum" is a newly suggested commensal species colonizing porcine tonsils. In the diagnostic laboratory the sole difference to the porcine lung pathogen Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is a negative mannitol reaction. In order to substantiate and improve this important differentiation a PCR test was developed using the relevant reference strains including Actinobacillus minor. The practicability of the test was confirmed on 20 clinical isolates of Actinobacillus spp. cultured from 100 tonsil samples originating from 18 farms in Thailand. Applying the newly developed PCR test 10 isolates were identified as A. pleuropneumoniae, and 10 as "A. porcitonsillarum" with one of them being mannitol-positive in biochemical testing. Subsequent 16S rRNA sequencing confirmed classification of all 10 strains as "A. porcitonsillarum"/A. minor. These results emphasize that suspected A. pleuropneumoniae isolates, particularly from porcine tonsils, should be confirmed by PCR in order to prevent false positive diagnoses.     

猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌血清3型间接血凝试验检测方法的建立

本试验用分离纯化的猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌（APP）3型荚膜多糖（CPS）,致敏双醛化处理的绵羊血红细胞,建立了APP的血清学诊断方法,结果表明,该方法特异性强,仅与APP 3型阳性血清反应,可以用其进行APP疫苗免疫后抗体检测,该诊断方法简单、快速,适用于临床疾病的诊断。     

致猪水肿病大肠埃希菌多重PCR检测方法的建立及应用

本研究旨在建立一种快速鉴定致猪水肿病大肠埃希菌的多重PCR检测方法.分别针对大肠埃希菌16S rDNA、志贺毒素Stx2e A亚基和菌毛F18ab A亚基保守序列设计合成3对特异性引物,优化多重PCR反应条件,并进行特异性和敏感性检测.结果显示,阳性对照菌株扩增产物大小分别为1 062、733和313 bp.特异性和灵敏性检测结果表明,与肠炎沙门菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌、胸膜肺炎放线杆菌、副猪嗜血杆菌、支气管败血波氏杆菌和猪链球菌等猪常见致病菌均无交叉反应;菌体直接扩增法最低检出量为1 875 CFU.利用建立的多重PCR检测方法对分离收集的128株大肠埃希菌进行鉴定,得到36株致猪水肿病大肠埃希菌,其中30株既有菌毛F18ab又产志贺毒素Stx2e,另外6株仅产志贺毒素Stx2e.结果表明,本试验所建立的多重PCR检测方法对致猪水肿病大肠埃希菌的快速诊断和流行病学调查具有一定的应用价值.     

Detection of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in cultures from nasal and tonsillar swabs of pigs by a PCR assay based on the nucleotide sequence of a dsbE-like gene

A PCR assay for the detection of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae was developed based on the amplification of a dsbE-like gene. All of 157 field isolates of A. pleuropneumoniae reacted in the PCR by the amplification of a 342bp product. No reaction was observed with related bacterial species or other bacterial species isolated from pigs, except for A. lignieresii. The lower detection limit of the PCR was 10(2) CFU per PCR test tube and was not affected by the addition of 10(6) CFU Escherichia coli. The PCR was evaluated on mixed bacterial cultures from nasal and tonsillar swabs as well as suspensions of nasal conchae and tonsils obtained from specific pathogen-free (SPF) pigs, experimentally infected pigs, and pigs from farrow-to-finish herds. The results of the new PCR were compared with a PCR based on the detection of the omlA gene coding for an outer membrane protein, with a commercially available PCR (Adiavet APP, Adiagène, Saint-Brieuc, France), and with conventional culturing. No positive reactions were observed with any of the PCR methods in samples of SPF animals. In samples of the other animals, no or low significant differences between nasal swabs and suspensions as well as tonsillar swabs and suspensions were observed in any method. In general, more positive results were obtained from tonsillar samples in comparison to nasal samples. Interassay sensitivity and specificity values were assessed for each test by pair wise comparisons between assays. The agreement between tests was evaluated by calculating Cohen's kappa coefficient. From these analyses the three PCR assays showed a good agreement. The dsbE-based PCR proved to be highly sensitive (95 and 93%) and specific (82 and 74%) in comparison to the omlA-based PCR and the commercially available PCR, respectively. It was concluded that the dsbE-like gene-based PCR is a reliable diagnostic assay for demonstration of A. pleuropneumoniae. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that tonsillar swabs can be used for the detection of the pathogen in healthy carrier animals.     

副猪嗜血杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌和胸膜肺炎放线杆菌多重PCR检测方法的建立及应用

在已建立的副猪嗜血杆菌(HPS)、多杀性巴氏杆菌(Pm)、胸膜肺炎放线杆菌(APP)的单重PCR检测方法的基础上,通过对扩增条件的优化,利用一次PCR反应可同时扩增出APP的256 bp、Pm的457 bp、HPS的822 bp的特异性片段,建立了HPS、Pm、APP的多重PCR实验室诊断方法。该复合PCR可检测60 pg的HPS、120 pg的Pm、50 pg的APP。利用该方法检测猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)阳性猪体内分离到的39株细菌,结果显示HPS、Pm、APP分别为12、16、2株,对39份病料的检测与常规细菌分离鉴定结果一致,可见该方法适用于HPS、APP、Pm的临床快速检测。