Comparative nucleotide sequence analysis of the phosphoprotein gene of peste des petits ruminants vaccine virus of Indian origin

The nucleotide sequences of the phosphoprotein (P) gene of peste des petits ruminants (PPRV) vaccine virus (PPRV Sungri/96) belongs to Asian lineage have been determined and the deduced amino acid sequences were compared with another vaccine strain PPRV/Nigeria75/1 and with those of the other morbilliviruses. The 1652 nucleotides of the P gene encode a phosphoprotein of 509 amino acid residues (from nucleotide numbers 60 to 1587), which is 91% identical to that of PPRV/Nigeria75/1. The C protein consists of 177 amino acid residues and is 91% identical with that of PPRV/Nigeria75/1. The conserved mRNA editing site (5'TTAAAAGGGCACAG) was present at positions 742-756 in the P gene, which is conserved in all other morbilliviruses. The CTT trinucleotide sequence is present at the N/P and P/M intergenic region, which is totally conserved in morbilliviruses. This will be the third sequence for the P gene of PPRV since that of the vaccine strain and a wild-type Turkish isolate has been published already.     

Analysis of the matrix protein gene sequence of the Asian lineage of peste-des-petits ruminants vaccine virus

The M gene nucleotide sequence of an Indian peste-des-petits ruminants (PPRV) vaccine virus ("PPRV Sungri/96") belonging to Asian lineage was determined. The gene is 1476 nucleotides long with a single open reading frame (ORF). The nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequence was compared with the homologous region of the African Lineage Vaccine virus "PPRV/Nigeria/75/1". The nucleotide sequence of the "PPRV Sungri/96" was 86% identical to that of "PPRV/Nigeria/75/1", while a homology of 93% and 95% could be observed in the ORF and amino acids level, respectively. The M gene encodes a protein of 335 amino acids, with a predicted molecular weight (MW) of 37.8 kDa. The ORF is flanked by a 3' untranslated region of 436 nucleotides and a high level of sequence divergence (approximately 30%) could be observed in this region between the vaccine viruses of Asian and African lineages. A high degree of conservation of several amino acids of this protein observed previously was also confirmed in this study.     

基于N基因的小反刍兽疫病毒贵州流行株分子特征与分群研究

为探讨小反刍兽疫病毒（peste des petits ruminants virus,PPRV）贵州流行株N基因分子特征和分群,试验设计了1对特异性引物,应用RT-PCR技术对小反刍兽疫（peste des petits ruminants,PPR）临床样本进行N基因扩增,克隆至pMD19-T载体,对阳性重组质粒进行测序,应用DANStar软件对测序序列和参考序列进行核苷酸同源性、氨基酸同源性、变异位点及系统进化树分析。结果显示：PPRV贵州流行株N基因扩增长度为1 578 bp,其相互间核苷酸、氨基酸同源性分别为99.6%~100.0%及99.2%~100.0%,与国内参考株N基因的核苷酸序列（97.7%~99.9%）及氨基酸序列（98.3%~100.0%）同源性较国外参考株（88.5%~97.7%和92.2%~98.5%）高;PPRV贵州流行株N基因编码的氨基酸同疫苗株Nigeria 75-1相比存在26个位点突变,但没有氨基酸的缺失或增加;基于N基因系统进化分析显示,PPRV贵州流行株同国内参考株处于同一个进化分支,但与国外参考株处于不同进化分支;其属于病毒进化的Ⅳ基因群,与国内参考株处于同一系统分群,但与疫苗株Nigeria 75-1（Ⅰ基因群）处于不同基因群。     

小反刍兽疫病毒四川简阳株N基因的系统进化分析

为了调查小反刍兽疫病毒四川简阳株(SCJY株)的分子遗传特征,我们对四川简阳发病羊鼻拭子中的小反刍兽疫病毒N基因进行了遗传进化分析。通过RT-PCR、克隆测序获得SCJY株N基因序列,使用DNASTAR软件将其与GenBank中的15条参考株序列进行同源性比对,使用MEGA6软件进行系统进化分析。结果显示:SCJY株N基因序列全长1578nt,与参考株的核苷酸同源性为88.9%～100%,氨基酸同源性为92.8%～100%,与2013～2014年小反刍兽疫中国流行毒株高度同源;系统进化分析将16个毒株N基因划分为4个谱系,SCJY株属于Ⅳ系。     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒分离株核衣壳基因克隆、序列分析和真核表达

根据GenBank公开序列自行设计一对引物，采用RT—PCR扩增出鸡传染性支气管炎病毒（Infectious bronchitis virus，IBV）W和C9001分离株完整的核衣壳（N）基因，并将其克隆至pMD18-T载体进行核苷酸序列测定和分析。结果表明，扩增的2个IBV分离株核衣壳基因片段长度均为1230bp，编码409个氨基酸，彼此间核苷酸和氨基酸同源性分别为88．0％和89．5％，与GenBank中有代表性的参考毒株相应基因核苷酸和氨基酸序列比较显示，w株核苷酸序列与GenBank中的广东分离株（AY646283）同源性最高，为94．1％，氨基酸序列同源性为94．6％；与国内部分毒株核苷酸序列同源性在86．1％～88．0％之间，氨基酸序列同源性在88．0％～90．7％之间；C9001株与国内部分毒株核苷酸序列同源性在86．4％～99．8％之间，氨基酸序列同源性在88．0％～99．8％之间。从核衣壳基因编码的氨基酸序列的系统进化树可见，W株与C9001株处于不同的进化分枝，亲缘关系较远。同时将核衣壳基因构建于真核表达质粒pVAX1中，用脂质体法将重组质粒转染入COS-7细胞中，间接免疫荧光检测出核衣壳蛋白的体外表达。研究结果为进一步研究IBV核衣壳蛋白的结构与功能以及基因工程疫苗的研制奠定了基础。     

Peste des petits ruminants virus detected in tissues from an Asiatic lion (Panthera leo persica) belongs to Asian lineage IV

In this study, peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) was detected in frozen pooled tissue samples from a dead Asiatic lion (Panthera leo persica). The samples were negative for canine distemper virus and positive for PPRV nucleic acids when tested with one-step RT-PCR using the appropriate virus-specific primers. Subsequent amplification, cloning, and sequencing of the partial nucleocapsid, matrix, and fusion genes confirmed the presence of PPRV nucleic acid. Comparative sequence and phylogenetic analyses of the structural genes of the isolated virus confirmed that the virus belonged to Asian lineage IV and was closely related to PPRV circulating in India.     

Fine mapping and conservation analysis of linear B-cell epitopes of peste des petits ruminants virus nucleoprotein

Nucleoprotein (NP) is the most abundant and highly immunogenic protein of morbillivirus, and is presently the basis of most diagnostic assays for peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV). In this study, fine epitope mapping and conservation analysis of linear B-cell epitopes on the PPRV NP has been undertaken using biosynthetic peptides. Nineteen linear B-cell epitopes were identified and their corresponding minimal motifs were located on the NP of PPRV China/Tibet/Geg/07-30. Conservation analysis indicated that ten of the 19 minimal motifs were conserved among 46 PPRV strains. Peptides containing the minimal motifs were recognized using anti-PPRV serum from a goat immunized with PPRV vaccine strain Nigeria 75/1. Identified epitopes and their motifs improve our understanding of the antigenic characteristics of PPRV NP and provide a basis for the development of epitope-based diagnostic assays.     

小反刍兽疫病毒受体SLAM基因的克隆及其结构与功能分析

信号淋巴激活分子（SLAM）为小反刍兽疫病毒（PPRV）感染其自然宿主的细胞受体。本试验从山羊外周血淋巴细胞中克隆获得了SLAM基因,并对其结构和功能的关系进行分析,为研究SLAM的功能及其在PPRV侵染过程中的作用奠定基础。利用RT-PCR的方法对山羊SLAM基因全长进行克隆,通过生物学软件对其核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列进行了比对,利用Swiss-Model进行三级结构预测,然后分析其结构和功能之间的关系。山羊、绵羊、黄牛、水牛、虎鲸和海豚SLAM基因同源性较高,分别是98.7%、96.6%、96.3%、89%和88.8%,氨基酸的相似性分别是97.6%、94.1%、93.2%、83.5%和83.6%。山羊SLAM蛋白V结构域中存在8个影响宿主—病毒特异性结合的8个关键氨基酸,且与绵羊、黄牛和水牛的均完全保守;胞内区含有三段高度保守的富含酪氨基酸（Tyrosine）的基序（TXXYXXV/I/A）。本试验成功地克隆小反刍兽疫病毒受体SLAM基因,分析和预测了SLAM蛋白的结构和功能的关系,为其进一步的生物学功能研究及其应用奠定了基础。     

Comparison of rinderpest and peste des petits ruminants viruses using anti-nucleoprotein monoclonal antibodies

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were obtained using a purified preparation of the RBOK strain of a rinderpest vaccine virus. The cytoplasmic immunofluorescent staining test showed that these clones had specificity for the nucleoprotein (N) of the virus. Six clones which immunoprecipitated the N protein corroborated these results. Thirteen anti-N MAbs were used to compare geographically widespread rinderpest viruses (RPV) and peste des petits ruminants viruses (PPRV) to two other morbilliviruses, measles (MV) and canine distemper (CDV). The N protein antigen profiles of the 23 isolates determined by immunofluorescent staining and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on infected cells enabled us to classify the strains into groups. A differential identification of the morbilliviruses can be made using one MAb or associations of the MAbs. The potential to distinguish between RPV and PPRV and between virulent and avirulent strains of rinderpest is of primary interest.     

非典型犬瘟热病毒核衣壳蛋白基因序列分析及其在大肠杆菌中的表达

为分析当地非典型犬瘟热病毒(CDV)核衣壳蛋白(N)基因的序列特征及其表达产物的抗原性,根据已发表CDV的N基因序列设计引物,用RT-PCR方法从引起非典型症状的CDV细胞培养物中扩增N基因,进行克隆和序列分析,结果表明:该非典型CDV的N基因与已发表的12个CDV强毒株的核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列同源性分别在96.6%～99.2%和97.9%～99.4%之间,与已发表的4个CDV疫苗弱毒株的同源性分别在93.2%～93.6%和96.4%～97.5%之间;在N基因系统发育进化树上,非典型CDV与12个强毒株处在同一亚群,而且与9个中国分离毒株的亲缘关系近于3个国外毒株。N基因在大肠杆菌中表达的重组N蛋白的分子量为62 ku,主要以包涵体的形式存在;用western blot分析,重组N蛋白可与CDV阳性血清发生特异性反应;以纯化的重组N蛋白为抗原建立的CDV抗体间接ELISA检测方法具有良好的特异性。     

新型重配A（H7N9）流感病毒NA基因序列分析

试验旨在分析2013年新型重配A（H7N9）流感病毒分子流行病学特点。作者从GenBank数据库下载不同分离宿主的流感毒株NA全基因序列,应用分子生物学软件进行遗传进化分析。结果显示,2013年新型重配A（H7N9）流感毒株NA蛋白颈部氨基酸发生缺失,其唾液酸结合（HB）位点发生一定程度适应性变化,NA蛋白糖基化位点为7个,NA蛋白酶活性中心未发生变异。与A/Hangzhou/1/2013（H7N9）株中NA片段的核苷酸同源性较高的前10个序列均分离自亚洲5个国家的禽类,同源性达96%以上。至于此次新型重配A（H7N9）流感毒株NA基因是否是禽传给人尚不清楚,还有待进一步研究。     

国产IBV疫苗株核衣壳蛋白基因的亲缘关系

利用自行设计的引物Cx和Cs，通过RT－PCR方法分别扩增出鸡传染性支气管炎病毒（IBV）D41株，H120GD株、H120SH株、H52GD株等4个国产疫苗株和标准强毒M41－E4株完整的N基因cDNA,然后将其分别克隆到pGEM T-Easy或pMD 18-T载体中并测序。测序结果表明，这5个IBV毒株可分2组，其中D41株，H120GD株和H120SH株为一组，它们的核苷酸和推导氨基酸序列同源性为99．7％－99．8％和99．0％－99．5％，而H52GD株与M41－E4株构成另一组，其核苷酸和推导氨基酸序列同源性为99．7％和99．5％；而2组之间的最大同源性仅为91．0％和93．2％。在系统发生进化树上，这2组分别位于不同的分支簇上。值得注意的是，国内的H52GD株与国外报道的H52株不在同一分支簇上，相反却与国内强毒M41－E4株以及国外报道的M41株在同一分支簇上。这一结果表明，国内的H52GD疫苗株与国外报道的H52疫苗株不同，它们在亲缘关系上更靠近M41－E4株和M41株。     

2011年－2014年我国部分省区 H9N2亚型禽流感病毒HA 基因序列分析

本研究于2011年－2014年在我国部分省区鸡群中鉴定出49株 H9N2亚型禽流感病毒,并对所有毒株的 HA 基因进行克隆、测序及序列分析。结果表明,49个毒株的 HA 基因开放阅读框全长均为1683 bp,编码560个氨基酸。所有分离株均属于以 HK/Y280/97株为代表的 H9．4．2谱系,并明显分成2个亚分支(H9．4．2．5和 H9．4．2．6)。分离株 HA 基因核苷酸同源性在87．1％~100％之间,与疫苗株 SH/F/98株、GD/SS/94株和 SD/6/96株核苷酸同源性在89．4％~92．5％之间。对 HA 基因的推导氨基酸序列分析表明,所有分离株裂解位点附近没有连续的碱性氨基酸插入,符合低致病力毒株特征,受体结合位点为PWTN?LY 形式,受体结合位点左沿为 NGLM/QGL 形式,右沿均为 GTSKA 形式。在49个分离株中共发现10个潜在糖基化位点,但只有6个糖基化位点保守。研究表明,近年来 H9N2亚型禽流感在我国多个地区流行,2013年以后流行毒株趋势以 H9．4．2．5为主,但病毒基因仍在不断发生变异,因此需要继续加强对H9N2亚型禽流感分子流行病学的监控。     

狂犬病鼠源野毒M株核蛋白基因的克隆及序列分析

从感染狂犬病的鼠脑中快速提取细胞总RNA，用RT—PCR方法得到编码核蛋白完整结构基因的cDNA，进一步将此基因克隆入pGEM—T中，进行核苷酸序列的测定，并推导出氨基酸序列，将这一序列与国内外已发表的9株狂犬病病毒的NP全基因进行比较分析。结果表明狂犬病鼠源野毒M株与上述9株的同源性在71．0％～99、8％之间，氨基酸同源性在77．6％～99．6％之间，M株与CVS株无论核苷酸序列还是氨基酸序列同源性都最高，分别为99．8％和99．6％，而与CTN珠的核苷酸序列同源性较低，与Mokola株的核苷酸序列以及氨基酸序列同源性都最低，分别为71．0％和77．6％。本研究为进行狂犬病病毒的分子流行病学调查和研制狂犬病基因工程苗提供了理论依据。     

Current perspectives on conventional and novel vaccines against peste des petits ruminants

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an acute or subacute, highly contagious viral disease of small ruminants, characterized by fever, oculonasal discharges, stomatitis, diarrhoea and pneumonia. This disease is included in the OIE (Office International des Epizooties) list of notifiable terrestrial animal diseases. PPR was first described in the early 1940s in Côte d′Ivoire, and at present, PPR is mainly circulating in Western and Central Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and Southern Asia. Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV), the etiological agent of PPR, is classified into the genus Morbillivirus in the family Paramyxoviridae, as its biological and physicochemical features are closely related to the other morbilliviruses. The first homologous PPR vaccine was developed by an artificially attenuated PPRV, named as Nigeria 75/1, which has been widely used in the production of live attenuated vaccines to protect small ruminants. A new generation of PPR vaccine candidates can be genetically modified to differentiate infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA), which nevertheless is difficult to achieve by conventional vaccines. In this review, we systematically discussed a broad range of vaccines against PPR, including commercially available vaccines and potential vaccine candidates, and further DIVA strategies for immunization with the new generation vaccines.     

猪流感病毒山东分离株H1N1亚型HA基因的克隆与序列分析

采用RT-PCR技术对分离的H1N1亚型猪流感病毒的HA基因进行了扩增,将获得的PCR产物与pMD18-T载体连接,进行序列测定。同源性分析结果表明,分离毒株与其他H1N1亚型猪流感病毒的HA基因核苷酸同源性为70.7%～90.8%,与A/swine/Zhejiang/1/2007的同源性最高,与其他毒株的同源性相对较低。系统进化树分析结果表明,山东分离株的HA基因与欧洲谱系猪流感病毒进化关系最近,证明该分离株可能来源于北美谱系和欧亚谱系猪流感病毒的重组。     

小反刍兽疫病毒N基因在昆虫细胞中的表达

为了研发小反刍兽疫病毒ELISA检测试剂盒中替代全病毒的抗原物质,参照GenBank公布的小反刍兽疫疫苗株Nigeria75/1的全基因组序列(GenBank登录号:X74443),人工合成表达核蛋白的N基因开放阅读框序列,通过PCR扩增、经引物设计引入的EcoRⅠ和KpnⅠ特异性酶切位点,将N基因克隆于昆虫杆状病毒表...     

新城疫病毒西藏分离株HN基因克隆与序列分析

为确定西藏新城疫病毒(Newcastle disease virus,NDV)分离株HN基因结构特征及其与已知毒株的遗传相关性,本试验应用RT-PCR技术对西藏NDV分离株HN基因进行扩增,然后克隆至pMD18-T载体测序,并与国内外代表性毒株和当前疫苗株进行比对及系统发育分析。结果表明,NDV分离株HN基因片段长度为1734 bp, 编码577个氨基酸;推导的氨基酸序列均有5个糖基化位点, XZ10和XZ17有12个半胱氨酸残基,XZ20只有11个半胱氨酸残基。NDV西藏分离株HN基因与国内代表性毒株核苷酸同源性在81.1%~93.0%之间,氨基酸同源性在81.1%~93.6%之间;与疫苗株核苷酸同源性在87.8%~98.7%之间,氨基酸同源性在88.0%~98.9%之间。系统进化分析结果表明,NDV西藏分离株HN基因均属于Ⅱ型。     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒KIBVXJ株S1基因的克隆及序列分析

根据已发表的鸡传染性支气管炎病毒S1基因,设计并合成了一对引物,经RT-PCR扩增后获得全长约为1700bp的核苷酸序列。序列分析表明,S1基因的最大开放阅读框位于12位～1685位碱基之间,编码557个氨基酸;KIBVXJ株S1基因序列在19位～292位点的氨基酸区域内有较多的氨基酸置换、插入和与缺失现象;S1的裂解位点的序列为HRRRR,具有我国地方流行株的特征。KIBVXJ株的S1基因与国内外疫苗株的同源性分析表明,核苷酸同源率为73.8%～74.2%,氨基酸同源率为74.9%～76.0%。遗传进化分析表明,KIBVXJ株与国内外的主要疫苗株亲缘关系最远,与国内近年来分离的A2株、LX4株和QXIBV株的亲缘关系最近。     

犬瘟热病毒山东株的分离及N蛋白基因的克隆与序列分析

本试验采用Vero细胞从临床疑似患犬瘟热的犬组织病料中分离出一株病毒,通过观察细胞病变,提取细胞培养物RNA并扩增克隆分析N蛋白基因部分序列进行了鉴定。结果表明,该毒株接种于Vero细胞后,出现了典型的细胞病变;对接种病料后的Vero细胞培养物提取总RNA进行RT-PCR扩增,得到了287 bp的目的片段;序列分析表明该分离株与犬瘟热病毒弱毒(Onderstepoort和Snyder Hill)的同源性为95.5%~96.9%,与标准强毒株(A75/17和2544/Han95)及野毒株(XJ-4、ZJ7、98-2646等)的同源性较高,为97.2%~99.0%,证明该毒株为犬瘟热病毒野毒株,命名为QD10。