四种雉鸡新城疫疫苗免疫抗体消长规律的研究

用新城疫活疫苗(La Sota株)和新城疫、传染性支气管炎二联灭活疫苗免疫动物园圈养的孔雀、七彩山鸡、原鸡和白冠长尾雉4种雉鸡,于免疫前及免疫后14、21、35、90、150、210、280d分别采血检测血清中新城疫血凝抑制(HI)抗体。结果表明,孔雀免疫接种新城疫疫苗后14d就能产生较高效价HI抗体,35d抗体效价达高峰;七彩山鸡、原鸡、白冠长尾雉免疫接种新城疫疫苗后14d也能产生较高效价抗体,21d抗体水平达高峰,至免疫接种后90d抗体效价逐渐降低。整个试验过程中,孔雀产生的HI抗体效价最高,并且整齐度好,维持时间最长,至免疫接种后280d抗体效价仍能维持在7.5log2;白冠长尾雉产生HI抗体效价次之,到免疫接种后280d仍维持在6.67log2;七彩山鸡和原鸡抗体下降较快,到免疫接种后280d分别下降到5.67log和4.71log2。     

禽流感灭活疫苗和禽流感-新城疫重组二联活疫苗对比试验

为得到较好的禽流感免疫效果,根据本地区禽流感流行特点选用两种不同剂型流感疫苗,即禽流感灭活苗和禽流感-新城疫重组二联活疫苗,分别对蛋鸡和肉鸡进行免疫接种,通过血凝抑制试验来检测两种不同剂型疫苗免疫后禽流感抗体水平.结果显示,禽流感灭活苗无论对蛋鸡还是对肉仔鸡的抗体检测效价均高于禽流感-新城疫重组二联活疫苗,免疫接种后21 d时,禽流感灭活疫苗(H5N1亚型)的HI抗体水平平均为6.5,而禽流感-新城疫重组二联活疫苗的HI抗体水平平均为3.75.     

鸡新城疫(ND)疫苗对蓝孔雀免疫效果的评价

新城疫是危害孔雀生产的严重传染病之一,一旦发病损失惨重,防制的关键在于预防接种新城疫疫苗,目前常用的鸡用疫苗,按常规程序对蓝孔雀进行免疫接种,对常规剂量免疫后的抗体效价及首免时间、抗体水平等问题尚无详细报道. 本文通过蓝孔雀母源抗体变化规律及用鸡新城疫疫苗免疫后的抗体效价检测,分析了抗体的消长规律,提出了用鸡新城疫疫苗免疫蓝孔雀的方案.     

合肥野生动物园5种雉鸡接种新城疫疫苗后抗体水平测定

选择成年白冠长尾雉5只,白腹锦鸡5只,白鹇3只,红腹锦鸡3只和孔雀11只,同时用L系弱毒冻干苗和新城疫油乳剂灭活疫苗进行免疫接种,通过血凝抑制试验(HI)测定其抗体滴度.结果表明,在免疫接种后26 d,白冠长尾雉抗体效价为9.8log2,白腹锦鸡为8.0log2,白鹇为8.0log2,红腹锦鸡为10.7log2;孔雀在免疫后接种0、8、15、20、25 d,抗体水平分别为3.8log2、5.0log2、6.2log2、7.5log2及8.2log2.     

鸡减蛋综合征油乳剂灭活苗的免疫效果试验

随机选择20周龄产蛋鸡300羽，分为3组，每组100羽。A组接种国产新支减三联疫苗，B组接种进口新减二联苗，C组同时接种进口新减二联苗及新城疫Ⅳ系苗（2羽份滴鼻）。接种后第10d、20d、30d、60d分别采集血样检测HI抗体。结果A组鸡HI抗体效价上升最快，效价较高，下降速度也很快，适宜于紧急免疫接种。B、C组抗体效价上升较慢，但维持高抗体水平时间较长，适宜于预防免疫接种。C组数据显示，新城疫疫苗与减蛋综合征疫苗对鸡体产生免疫应答时可能具有协同作用。     

鸡传染性鼻炎(三价)和新城疫二联灭活疫苗的研究

利用Page A型、B型、C型副鸡禽杆菌和新城疫病毒La Sota株,研制鸡传染性鼻炎(三价)和新城疫二联油乳剂灭活疫苗。用3个批次疫苗进行单剂量(0.5mL/次)3次接种和大剂量(2.0mL)单次接种的安全性试验、SPF鸡的免疫效力试验、商品鸡的免疫持续期试验和疫苗的保存期试验。结果表明,3批疫苗对试验鸡安全无副作用;免疫接种SPF鸡只30d后对A、B、C型副鸡禽杆菌攻毒的保护率≥80%,用20μL/只疫苗免疫接种SPF鸡21d后新城疫的平均HI抗体24;商品鸡42日龄首免,110日龄二免,二免后9个月对A、B、C型副鸡禽杆菌攻毒的保护率≥70%,对新城疫病毒强毒100%保护;用4℃~8℃保存12个月和15个月的3批疫苗进行了SPF鸡的近期免疫效力试验,结果对A、B、C型副鸡禽杆菌攻毒的保护率≥70%,用20μL/只疫苗免疫SPF鸡,免疫接种后21d新城疫病毒的平均HI抗体24,对新城疫病毒强毒的攻毒保护率70%。说明研制的疫苗安全有效。     

不同首免时间对禽流感疫苗HI抗体消长影响的研究

通过HI试验,对雏鸭不同首免时间的禽流感灭活疫苗免疫效果进行监测,为更科学制定鸭免疫程序奠定基础。结果表明:(1)对照组鸭(E组)AI-H5母源抗体1d最高,达5.1log2,次日逐渐下降,于10d降至较低水平。AI-H5母源抗体于19d降至为2log2以下。(2)试验各组于免疫后10～12d抗体水平开始上升,于免疫后15～20d抗体水平达到高峰,并维持18～24d,之后呈缓慢下降趋势,于49d仍能检测到较高的抗体,由此说明,禽流感油乳剂灭活疫苗能诱导机体产生良好的免疫应答。(3)从不同首免时间进行禽流感疫苗免疫接种后的HI抗体效价比较来看,C组(15d首免组)HI抗体效价最佳,D组(20d首免组)HI抗体效价其次,B组(10d首免组)HI抗体效价第三,A组(5d首免组)HI抗体效价较差,因此,应根据雏鸭母源抗体水平选择适宜时间进行禽流感疫苗的首次免疫接种。     

新城疫疫苗预防鸭副粘病毒病效果

为探讨新城疫疫苗对鸭副粘病毒病的预防效果,应用鸡新城疫活疫苗(I系和Lasota株)免疫2日龄雏番鸭,分别于免疫后7 d攻毒,并采血测定HI抗体。结果显示鸡新城疫I系活疫苗和Lasota疫苗对番鸭均安全,单独或混合应用均能有效抵抗鸭副粘病毒和新城疫标准毒(F48E8)的攻击;同时番鸭免疫后7 d I系疫苗诱导的HI抗体水平显明高于Lasota疫苗,而攻毒后35 d的HI抗体水平则以Lasota疫苗组高于I系疫苗组。上述结果表明新城疫I系和Lasota疫苗均可用于预防鸭副粘病毒病。     

鸡新城疫(基因Ⅶ型)、禽流感(H9亚型)二联灭活疫苗(aSG10株+G株)在蛋鸡上的安全性及免疫效果研究

为了研究成都天邦生物制品有限公司生产的鸡新城疫(基因Ⅶ型)、禽流感(H9亚型)二联灭活疫苗(aSG10株+G株)对蛋鸡的安全性和免疫效果,在北京市华都峪口禽业有限责任公司京红1号蛋鸡养殖场进行相关试验。结果显示:疫苗经不同免疫途径(皮下注射和肌肉注射)、不同免疫剂量(单剂量和超剂量)接种115日龄蛋鸡后,未见任何不良反应,注射部位疫苗吸收良好,产蛋率与空白对照组无明显差异。试验鸡免疫后14d,新城疫HI抗体平均滴度为10.9log2,H9亚型禽流感HI抗体平均滴度为9.1log2,免疫后6个月新城疫HI抗体水平不低于6.9log2,H9亚型禽流感HI抗体水平不低于7.4log2。分别于免疫后21d和6个月对免疫鸡进行攻毒,新城疫攻毒保护率为100%,禽流感攻毒保护率为95%。表明该二联苗对蛋鸡安全、有效,且免疫持续期长,可用于蛋鸡的免疫。     

鸽新城疫蜂胶佐剂灭活疫苗免疫期的试验研究

用四批鸡胚尿囊液制备的鸽新城疫(ND)蜂胶佐剂灭活疫苗(001、002、003、004)分别免疫30日龄非免疫鸽,不定期采血,连续检测HI抗体的动态变化,这4批疫苗免疫后5d均可检测出抗体,14d达到最高峰(平均为11.2log2),210 d平均抗体滴度在6.6log2以上.因此,该苗对鸽的ND免疫保护期至少为6个月.     

蛋用型和肉用型雏鸡抗新城疫病毒母源抗体半衰期测定

分别于不同日龄采集海兰褐蛋用型雄性雏鸡和AA肉用型雏鸡血清,测定其对新城疫病毒(NDV)HI抗体水平,以此确定抗NDV母源抗体的衰减规律及半衰期。结果表明,雏鸡出壳后抗体水平持续升高,到4日龄左右达到最高峰,随后快速下降,三周后抗体几乎消失。蛋用型雏鸡血清中对NDV母源抗体的半衰期为2.19d左右。肉用型雏鸡血清中对NDV母源抗体的半衰期为3.10d左右。     

禽流感-新城疫重组二联活疫苗口服免疫试验

选择未接种禽流感-新城疫疫苗的黄腹角雉所产蛋,经孵化后,于10日龄选黄腹角雉15只,随机分成A、B、C 3组,每组5只,以点眼接种量的10、15、20羽份,直接口腔滴入禽流感-新城疫重组二联活疫苗rl-H5株口服免疫。分别于接种前1 d和3次接种后15 d经翅静脉采血,通过测定其禽流感和新城疫血凝抑制试验(HI)抗体滴度。结果表明,第2次接种20羽份剂量抗体效价达到峰值,新城疫和禽流感HI抗体均值分别为7.5 log2和5.5 log2。     

甘肃省肉仔鸡HPAIH5亚型母源抗体消长规律研究

用HI法对甘肃省肉仔鸡H5N1型禽流感（HPAI）母源抗体消长规律进行动态监测,结果显示,肉仔鸡母源抗体保护期长达67 d。其中,种蛋的母源抗体效价最高为9.48 log2,1日龄肉仔鸡母源抗体效价均值为7.95 log2,4 d降为7.81 log2,7 d母源抗体升至高峰,达8.57log2,接近父母代抗体效价8.80 log2;随后,抗体效价逐渐下降并略有波动;67-70 d,抗体效价迅速降至1.67 log2,79 d趋于消失,为1.83 log2。该测定结果提示,HI试验在HPAI诊断中意义不大,仅能作为参考,确诊需进行病毒的分离培养。     

禽流感血清抗体与卵黄抗体消长规律比较研究

应用禽流感病毒二价（H5、H9）油乳剂灭活疫苗免疫160日龄非免疫蛋鸡，免疫接种后分别于第0、7、14、21、28、35 d采集相应的鸡蛋和血清，采用血凝抑制(HI)试验监测血清及卵黄中H5、H9抗体的消长规律，结果表明：H5、H9血清抗体于免疫后7 d时开始产生，14 d时到中等水平，21 d时达到最高值，一直维持到35 d之后；而H5、H9卵黄抗体与血清抗体水平相比相对滞后7 d左右；卵黄抗体与血清抗体在28 d时均达到高峰值并一直维持到35 d之后，28 d后血清和卵黄抗体达到相同水平。本研究为临床上以禽流感卵黄抗体检测替代血清抗体检测及以后禽流感高免卵黄抗体的研究提供了依据和数据。     

Hemorrhagic enteritis: virus distribution and sequential development of antibody in turkeys

Turkeys poults were inoculated intraperitoneally with hemorrhagic enteritis virus (HEV) at 4-1/2 weeks of age. Antibody response and sequential development of viral antigen in various tissues were monitored. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to study antibody production, and immunoperoxidase staining was used to determined sites of localization of the viral antigens in tissues. Results of ELISA and immunodiffusion tests were compared. ELISA detected antibody from day 3 post-infection (p.i.), and gel diffusion detected antibody from day 5 p.i. Peak ELISA antibody titer appeared from day 14 p.i. HEV antigen was detected from 2-6 days p.i. in the spleen, liver, intestine, kidney, and bone marrow; peak titers in the spleen were on day 3 p.i. Virus was not detected after day 6 p.i.     

Assessment of serum antibody titers against canine distemper virus, canine adenovirus type II, and canine parvovirus in Alaskan sled dogs before and after a long-distance race

OBJECTIVE: To determine serum antibody titers against canine distemper virus (CDV), canine adenovirus type II (CAV-2), and canine parvovirus (CPV) in trained sled dogs prior to and after completion of a long-distance race. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. ANIMALS: 195 Alaskan sled dogs (from 18 kennels) that participated in the 2006 Iditarod Trail Race. PROCEDURES: All 1,323 dogs participating in the race had been vaccinated against the 3 viruses at 19 to 286 days prior to initial blood sample collection (obtained within the month preceding the race). Within 12 hours of race completion, blood samples were collected from 195 dogs (convenience sample) and matched with each dog's prerace sample. Serum antibody titers (90% confidence intervals [CIs]) were determined via serum neutralization assays. RESULTS: After racing, geometric mean titers against CDV and CPV were significantly higher (2,495 [90% CI, 321 to 16,384] and 6,323 [90% CI, 512 to 32,768], respectively) than prerace values (82 [90% CI, 11 to 362] and 166 [90% CI, 32 to 1,024], respectively). Sixty-one of 194 (31.4%) dogs had > or = 4-fold increases in anti-CPV antibody titers after racing. Prerace serum antibody titers against CDV, CPV, and CAV-2 varied significantly by sled team but were not associated with time since vaccination. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Postrace increases in serum anti-CDV and anti-CPV antibody titer might reflect exposure of dogs to these agents immediately before or during racing. Dogs had no clinical signs of CDV-, CAV-2-, or CPV-associated disease; therefore, the clinical importance of these titer changes is uncertain.     

The association of titers to bovine coronavirus with treatment for bovine respiratory disease and weight gain in feedlot calves.

The association between bovine respiratory disease (BRD) and antibody titers to bovine coronavirus (BCV) was studied in 604 calves (19 different groups in 4 different feedlots from 2 provinces). Almost all calves had antibody titers on arrival in the Alberta feedlot and 82% of the calves had an antibody titer on arrival at the Ontario feedlots; titers in calves in Alberta were almost twice as high as those in calves in Ontario. The incidence of infection, in the first mo after arrival as judged by seroconversion, ranged from 61% to 100%; titer increases were much greater in calves in Ontario feedlots. Titer variables were not significantly related to BRD, except on a within-group basis (group was a confounding variable for BCV-BRD associations). Given control of group effects, calves with an antibody titer on arrival appeared to be protected against BRD for the first 28 d in the feedlot, and the association was reasonably linear over the range of titers. Each titer unit on arrival decreased the risk of BRD by about 0.8x (odds ratio). Titer change was not strongly related to the risk of BRD and the relationship was not linear over the range of titer changes. Titer change was strongly and negatively correlated with titer on arrival, and titer change was not significantly related to BRD in the presence of arrival titers. Arrival titer retained its relationship with BRD in the presence of titer data for other putative pathogens. Each higher unit of titer to BCV on arrival increased the 28-day weight gain (controlling for group, initial weight and the occurrence of BRD) by slightly more than 1 kg. Titer change was associated with decreased weight gain, when initial titer was not in the model. The lack of a linear or multivariable association between BCV titer change and BRD, and weight gain, may indicate that BCV is not a major pathogen; or, its lack of significance may merely be due to its strong correlation with arrival titer. Given the associations found in this study, particularly the interprovincial differences in arrival titers, more and different approaches to studying the possible effects of BCV on BRD are in order.     

口蹄疫LPB-ELISA抗体滴度和中和抗体滴度符合性研究

血清中和抗体滴度的大小反映血清对病毒感染的中和能力,其是评价疫苗免疫效果和病毒感染状况的重要指标,而液相阻断酶联免疫吸附试验(liquid phase block ELISA, LPB-ELISA)是一种通过ELISA检测抗体滴度的方法,因此研究LPB-ELISA抗体滴度和中和抗体滴度的关系对疫苗评价和理论研究有重要意义。本研究采用野外采集的90份牛血清进行了中和试验和LPB-ELISA试验,结果表明中和抗体滴度和LPB-ELISA抗体滴度具有相关性,相关系数为0.642,但是试验证明有41%中和抗体阴性样品会被LPB-ELISA检测为阳性,通过改变LPB-ELISA的阳性判断标准,采用抑制率>0.7的抗体滴度计算方法和1/8判定标准,可以使改进的LPB-ELISA的计算结果和中和试验结果更好的符合,降低假阳性率,使LPB-ELISA更适合进行口蹄疫血清学监测和普查。     

Serologic comparisons of 4 Anaplasma isolates as measured by the complement-fixation test

Anaplasma marginale isolated from Virginia ( VAM ), from North Texas ( NTAM ), from Florida (FAM), and Anaplasma ovis from Idaho were used in these trials. Complement-fixation antigens from each of the 4 isolates were used to compare complement-fixing antibody titers of 10 cattle infected with VAM , 17 with FAM, and 6 with NTAM . Strong cross-reactions occurred with all antigens and sera. The homologous system generally showed higher average antibody titers. The serum antibody titers occurring with the A. ovis antigen were significantly lower than those seen with A. marginale antigens. Serum antibody titer differences as measured by FAM and NTAM antigens on sera from VAM , NTAM and FAM failed to reach significance. Serum antibody titer comparisons using VAM antigen were significantly different from those occurring with FAM and NTAM in most instances.