中草药和益生素对肉仔鸡生产性能影响的研究

试验旨在研究中草药、益生素及其合剂对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响。选择3500只1日龄罗斯308肉仔鸡随机分为7组,每组设5个重复,每个重复100只鸡,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3、4、5组分别在基础日粮的基础上添加0.5%的药方1、药方2、益生素、中草药益生素合剂药方3、中草药益生素合剂药方4组;抗生素组为基础日粮中添加500 mg/kg杆菌肽锌。结果表明,中草药益生素合剂药方3组的体重、料重比、死淘率与对照组相比差异显著(P＜0.05),与抗生素组相比差异不显著(P＞0.05),优于其它处理组。因此,药方3促生长抗病效果较好,可以替代抗生素。     

中草药添加剂对肉鸡生产性能及营养物质代谢的影响

以艾维茵肉鸡为研究对象,共设5个试验组和1个对照组。试验组为在基础日粮中分别添加中草药添加剂方Ⅰ、方Ⅱ、方Ⅲ和加利健、杆菌肽锌两种抗生素,对照组仅饲喂基础日粮,中草药添加剂的添加水平为0.07%、0.09%、0.12%,进行为期6周的饲养试验和前后2期的代谢试验,研究中草药添加剂替代抗生素的可行性和最佳添加水平。结果表明:肉仔鸡0～3周龄和3～6周龄时加利健组各项生产指标最好,中草药添加剂中0～3周时方Ⅰ0.09%添加组的各项生产性能指标最好,3～6周时方Ⅲ0.12%添加组的各项生产性能指标最佳,但与加利健组差异不显著,说明利用中草药替代抗生素是可行的;中草药添加剂通过提高日粮代谢能、干物质代谢率和粗蛋白代谢率,增强机体对营养物质的消化和吸收,达到促进机体生长的目的。     

中草药方剂对肉仔鸡肌肉营养成分的影响

试验选择270羽1日龄艾维茵肉鸡,随机分为6组,每组3个重复,每个重复15羽。基础日粮为玉米-豆粕型,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别在基础日粮中添加杆菌肽锌0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%的中草药复方添加剂,进行为期6周的饲养试验,观察其对肉仔鸡肌肉营养成分的影响。结果表明,该中草药方剂能不同程度地提高肉仔鸡的肌肉营养成分及肌苷酸的含量,降低肉中胆固醇含量,以1.5%添加效果最佳。     

银杏叶及其提取物对肉鸡屠宰性能的影响和经济效益分析

为了研究饲粮中添加银杏叶及其提取物对肉鸡屠宰性能及经济效益的影响,本试验选取1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉鸡640只,随机分为4个处理,每个处理8个重复,每个重复20只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮的基础上分别添加6%的银杏叶、0.08%的EGB和0.002%的杆菌肽锌,用银杏叶等量替代基础饲粮中的麸皮。试验期为42d,分为两个阶段:试验前期(1~21d)和试验后期(22~42d)。结果表明:与对照组相比,日粮中添加银杏叶和EGB能显著提高肉鸡半净膛率和全净膛率(P0.05),同时,EGB组肉鸡半净膛率、全净膛率和胸肌率又显著高于银杏叶组(P0.05)。以对照组收益为100%,日粮中添加银杏叶、EGB和杆菌肽锌每只鸡增加效益分别为0.47%、0.39%和0.88%。由此可见,饲粮中添加银杏叶和EGB能够提高肉鸡的产肉性能,提高经济效益。     

枯草芽孢杆菌对肉鸡生长性能、抗氧化功能和肠道形态的影响

本试验旨在研究枯草芽孢杆菌对肉鸡生长性能、抗氧化功能和肠道形态的影响。选取1日龄雄性爱拔益加(AA)肉鸡420只,随机分为4组,每组7个重复,每个重复15只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,枯草芽孢杆菌组在基础饲粮中添加200 g/t枯草芽孢杆菌,杆菌肽锌组在基础饲粮中添加250 g/t杆菌肽锌,枯草芽孢杆菌+杆菌肽锌组在基础饲粮中添加200 g/t枯草芽孢杆菌和250 g/t杆菌肽锌。试验期42 d。结果表明,与对照组相比,饲粮中添加枯草芽孢杆菌显著提高了22~42日龄肉鸡的平均日增重(ADG)和血清丙二醛(MDA)含量(P<0.05),显著降低了1~21日龄肉鸡的ADG、平均日采食量(ADFI)及血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和空肠隐窝深度(P<0.05)。饲粮中添加枯草芽孢杆菌和杆菌肽锌对22~42日龄肉鸡的料重比(F/G)、1~42日龄欧洲效益指数和肝脏MDA含量有显著交互作用(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加200 g/t的枯草芽孢杆菌能提高22~42日龄肉鸡的生长性能,在一定程度上改善肉鸡空肠黏膜形态;饲粮中添加200 g/t的枯草芽孢杆菌和250 g/t的杆菌肽锌能够提高肉鸡的生长性能。     

肉仔鸡应用香型中草药添加剂的饲养试验

270羽艾维菌肉仔鸡随机分为6组,每组3个重复,试验期42d,第Ⅰ组为基础对照组;第Ⅱ组在基础日粮中添加50mg/kg杆菌肽锌,第Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ组在基础日粮基础上分别添加0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%香型中草药添加剂。结果表明,香型中草药添加剂能提高肉仔鸡日增重,效果与抗生素组相近,其中以1.5%添加量效果最佳。     

复合微生态制剂、饲用抗生素对肉鸡生长性能、肠道菌群数量和免疫性能的影响

本试验旨在研究复合微生态制剂及饲用抗生素对肉鸡生长性能、肠道菌群数量和免疫性能的影响。选择体重接近、健康的600只1日龄白羽肉雏鸡随机分成5个组,每组6个重复,每个重复20只。Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;Ⅱ组为肽菌素T3组,在基础日粮中添加1.0‰的复合微生态制剂肽菌素T3;Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组为抗生素组,分别在基础日粮中添加20g/t硫酸黏杆菌素、50g/t杆菌肽锌及50g/t杆菌肽锌和10g/t硫酸黏杆菌素混合物。预试期3d,正试期35d。结果表明,与Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组相比,肽菌素T3组肉鸡各阶段平均日增重(ADG)、盲肠和直肠乳酸杆菌数量显著增高(P0.05),料重比(F/G)、盲肠和直肠大肠杆菌数量显著降低(P0.05);脾脏指数分别提高27.44%、40.27%、29.01%和29.81%(P0.05),法氏囊指数分别提高12.82%、37.50%、33.33%和38.95%(P0.05)。肽菌素T3组肉鸡血清内毒素含量低于Ⅰ组(P0.05)和Ⅲ组(降低24.77%,P0.05)。与Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组相比,肽菌素T3组盲肠内容物分泌型免疫球蛋白A(sIgA)含量分别提高32.37%和25.79%(P0.05)。综合上述结果,本试验条件下,日粮中添加1.0‰肽菌素T3可提高肉鸡生长性能,改善肉鸡肠道菌群结构,促进肉鸡脾脏和法氏囊的发育,其提高盲肠内容物sIgA含量、降低血清内毒素含量的效果优于20g/t硫酸黏杆菌素。     

益生素对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响

选用240只AA肉仔鸡,随机分成4组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中分别添加杆菌肽锌(20mg/kg)、2%和3%的益生素,比较试验鸡的生产性能。结果表明:日粮中添加2%和3%的益生素可显著提高肉鸡的日增重、饲料效率、成活率、屠宰率(<0.05);益生素可替代抗生素杆菌肽锌提高肉鸡生产性能。     

日粮中添加大蒜粉对肉仔鸡生产性能和肉质的影响

选用240只长沙黄肉鸡,随机分为4组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中分别添加杆菌肽锌(20mg/kg)、1.5%和2%的大蒜粉,比较试验鸡的生产性能和肉质.研究结果表明:①日粮中添加1.5%和2.0%的大蒜粉可显著提高肉鸡的日增重、饲料效率和成活率(P＜0.05)及改善肉鸡的屠宰率和肉品质.②大蒜粉可替代抗生素杆菌肽锌对肉鸡起促生长和提高饲料效率的作用.     

中草药方剂对肉仔鸡肉质理化特性的影响

为了研究中草药添加剂对肉仔鸡肌肉理化特性的影响,试验选用270只1日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡随机分为6组,每组3个重复,每个重复15只鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮(玉米-豆粕型),试验组分别在基础日粮中添加杆菌肽锌和0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%的中草药添加剂,进行为期6周的饲养试验。结果表明:该中草药方剂显著降低了胸肌的滴水损失,提高了肉的嫩度,且以1.5%的添加量效果最佳。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.