猪6种血清蛋白质多态型一次淀粉凝胶电泳测定法

通过对江西１２个地方猪种７３９头猪的表样品进行试验，摸索出一种简便、可靠，而且有同时测定血清淀粉酶（Ａｍ）、血液结合素（Ｈｐｘ）、铜蓝蛋白（Ｃｐ）、转铁蛋白（Ｔｆ）、前白蛋白的（Ｐａ）和后白蛋白（Ｐｏ）等６种蛋白南多态 淀粉凝胶电泳地。     

乌骨鸡四个群体间血浆蛋白(酶)多态性及其遗传关系研究

采用垂直平板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法随机测定了雪峰乌骨鸡３个群体（白色片羽、黄色片羽和黑色片羽）和黑凤乌骨鸡群体（黑色丝羽）的血浆蛋白（酶）多态性，结果表明：前白蛋白（Ｐａ）、转铁蛋白（Ｔｆ）、后转铁蛋白（Ｐｔｆ）和酯酶（Ｅｓ—１和Ｅｓ—２）诸生化基因座位均显示出遗传多态现象。Ｐａ、Ｔｆ和Ｅｓ—１有２—３条酶带；Ｐｔｆ只有１条带，根据迁移率和带谱特性判为ＡＡ型；Ｅｓ—２区也只有一条带，其多态性表现为带的有或无。借助所测座位的基因频率计算了各群体平均基因杂合度和Ｅｕｌｉｄｅａｎ遗传距离，结果表明：各群体的平均基因杂合度均较低（０．１８４～０．２０４）；白色片羽和黑色片羽乌骨鸡遗传距离最小（０．０４２），血缘关系最近；它们与黄色片羽乌骨鸡遗传关系也较近（０．０６７），黑凤鸡与雪峰乌骨鸡３个群体的遗传关系相对较远（０．１２０）。     

贵州剑河白、黑香猪的血液蛋白多态性研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术测定贵州剑河白、黑香猪血清转铁蛋白（Ｔｆ） 、前白蛋白（Ｐａ） 、后白蛋白（Ｐｏ） 、淀粉酶（Ａｍ） ,酯酶（Ｅｓ） 的遗传多态性。并计算它们的基因型频率和基因频率,以及５ 个多态位点的平均杂合度。结果表明,贵州剑河白、黑香猪５ 个多态位点的基因型频率和基因频率差异不显著（Ｐ＞ ０ ．０５） ,平均杂合度均较小,且两者间差异不显著（Ｐ＞ ０ ．０５） 。     

塞北兔血清蛋白遗传多态性研究

采用垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对２１６只塞北兔血清转铁蛋白（Ｔｆ）、前转铁蛋白（Ｐｒｔ）、后白蛋白（Ｐｏ）和白蛋白（Ａｌｂ）等４个蛋折位点的遗传多态性进行检测。结果表明，在塞北兔群体中，Ｔｆ和Ａｌｂ呈单态，Ｐｒｔ和Ｐｏ呈多态。Ｐｒｔ有６种表型，受３个共显等位基因控制；Ｐｏ有３种表型，受２个共显性等位基因控制。Ｘ＾２检验结果表明，塞北兔群体在Ｐｏ位点处于Ｈａｒｄｙ－Ｗｅｉｎ－ｂｅｒｇ平衡状态（Ｐ〉０     

福建黑白花奶牛血清蛋白质遗传多态性的研究

采用双垂直薄层聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法，研究了福建黑白花奶牛的免疫球蛋白Ａ（ＩｇＡ）、后清蛋白（Ｐａ）、铁传递蛋白（Ｔｆ）和清蛋白（ＡＬ）等４个位点的多态性。结果表明，福建黑白花奶牛的４个位点都有多态性，各位点的基因频率为ＩｇＡ~A０．７３４４，ＩｇＡ~B０．２６５６；Ｐａ~A０．１２８９，Ｐａ~B０．８７１１；ＴｆＡ０．４３５５，ＴｆＤ０．５０５９，ＴｆＥ０．０５８６；ＡＬＡ０．４３７５，ＡＬＢ ０．５６２５。ＩｇＡ在牛中是新鉴定出来的多态位点，位于γ－球蛋白区前沿，是受一对常染色体等显性基因控制的简单孟德尔式遗传。Ｐａ、ＡＬ也都各自受一对常染色体等显性基因控制，而Ｔｆ由３个常染色体等显性基因控制。计算了群体４个位点平均基因杂合度和位点累积亲子排除率，分别为０．４１４５和３０．００％。     

撒坝猪日增重生化遗传标永的筛选

本研究采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对撒坝猪的前白蛋白（Ｐａ）、转铁蛋白（Ｔｆ）、酯酶（Ｅｓ）、淀粉酶（Ａｍ）和碱性磷酸酶（Ａｋｐ）等５个血清蛋白（或酶）座位的多性进行了检测,采用多座位广义线性模型（ＧＬＭ）对血清蛋白多态性与生长速度的关系进行了分析。结果表明,所检测的５个清蛋白（或酶）多态座位的基因频率均处于Ｈａｒｄｙ－Ｗｅｉｎｂｅｒｇ）平衡状态;Ｐａ、Ｅｓ、Ａｍ和Ａｋｐ４个认位对部分阶段日增重的基因     

滩羊种质及血液遗传标记研究Ⅲ．血清运铁蛋白（Tf）多态性的研究

滩羊种质及血液遗传标记研究Ⅲ．血清运铁蛋白（Ｔｆ）多态性的研究李积友，纬建林，白雅琴，于轩（甘肃省畜牧技术推广总站兰州７３００３０）前言１９５８年Ａｓｈｔｏｎ首次在英国绵羊血清中，发现了１４种Ｔｆ表型，受常染色体上５个共显性复等位基因控制（ＴｆＡ、Ｔ...     

湖南地方猪种群亲缘关系的生化遗传学研究

采用改进的淀粉凝胶电泳测定了湖南地方猪11个种群的T_f 、Pa、Hpx、Po、Cp、Am多态性,统计和计算了基因频率,标准遗传距离及其位点内取样方差,作了聚类分析。揭示了湖南地方猪种6个血清蛋白质位点的遗传规律;将湖南地方猪11个种群分为3类。分析了湖南地方猪与江西、东亚地方猪和美国猪种的遗传关系。     

中国水牛血清运铁蛋白多态性研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法首次对中国１２个地方小牛类群共计１０７０头血清运铁蛋白多态性进行检测。结果表明：我国小牛血清运铁蛋白多态性主要受Ｔｆ＾Ｄ，Ｔｆ＾Ａ两个等位基因控制，其频率为０．７４３５和０．２４２５，表现为ＡＡ．ＡＤ．ＤＤ三种基因型，各类群间基因频率差异为显著（Ｐ＞０．０５），其中五个类群中检测出Ｔｆ＾Ｅ基因。聚类分析表明，除德宠水牛外，蓁各类群间亲缘关系较近。     

秦岭两侧黄牛群体遗传检测报告

以中心产区系统随机整群抽样对分布在秦岭两侧的秦川，西镇，平利３个地方黄牛品种（总头数各为６４２９３１，７２８４８，１３６４８）就下列遗传标记进行了检测：１．β血红蛋白（Ｈｂ），血清白蛋白（Ａｌｂ），后白蛋白（Ｐａ），运铁蛋白（Ｔｆ），后运铁蛋白ＯＰｔｆ），碱性磷酸酶（ＡＫＰ）６个位点的基因频率；２．Ｂ（黑色），Ｄ（稀释毛色），Ｓ（白斑的有无与类型），Ｂｒ（黧毛），Ｐｓ（皮肤黑斑），Ｉｎ（下腹部白斑     

利用微卫星标记分析江苏三个地方鸡品种的遗传多样性

利用30个微卫星DNA标记对3个江苏地方鸡品种进行遗传多样性分析，通过计算等位基因频率、多态信息含量、平均杂合度、有效等位基因数和遗传距离，评估各品种内遗传变异和各品种间遗传相关。结果表明：江苏的3个品种在30个微卫星上共发现196个等位基因，其中96个等位基因为三个品种共有，47个等位基因为各品种所特有；3个地方鸡品种的平均杂合度：狼山鸡为0．655，鹿苑鸡为0．681，溧阳鸡为0．687；狼山鸡与溧阳鸡的遗传距离较小，而两鸡与鹿苑鸡的遗传距离较远。     

我国主要地方山羊品种随机扩增多态DNA研究

利用随机扩增多态DNA技术研究了我国主要地方山呼吸主部分国外品种共计23个山羊品种251个山羊个体的随机扩增多态DNA。结果表明：（1）总群体平均遗传多样性指数（Hsp)为0.7084,群体遗传分化指数为0.8583,山羊品种间平均遗传距离指数（AIGD）（0.0810－0.2044）明显大于品种内的AIGD（0.0444－0.1112),不同山羊品种的遗传多样性指数（Ho)除安哥拉山羊和承德无角山羊大于50％外,其它各品种均低于50％,上述结果说明所研究山羊群体不仅具有较为丰富的遗传多样性,而且山羊核基因组遗传变异主要存在于品种间,我国地方山羊品种间遗传分化比较明显。（2）中卫山羊（0.3410)和辽宁绒山羊（0.2589）的Ho值明显低于各品种的平均值（0.3881）;雷州山羊（0.0566）、中卫山羊（0.0564）和辽宁绒山羊（0.0444)的AIGD值也明显低于各群体的平均值（0.0749),说明辽宁绒山羊、中卫山羊和雷州山羊核基因组的遗传多样性相对其它品种来说较为贫乏,应作为重点保护对象。     

Protein heterogeneity of bovine β-casein in Danish dairy breeds and association of rare β-casein F with milk coagulation properties

A proteomic approach was applied to characterize genetic variation and relative protein content of β-casein (β-CN) in milk from two minor native dairy breeds in Denmark; Red Danish 1970 and Jutland cows in comparison to the major dairy breeds; Danish Holstein and Danish Jersey. Genetic β-CN variants were related to the relative concentration of β-CN. Furthermore, a very high frequency of variant F in the native breeds was found. This was remarkable as this variant is only found in a very low frequency in the major Danish breeds. Novel associations were found between β-CN variant F and milk coagulation properties in the native breeds, which is an important finding for understanding the genetic background for non- and poor coagulating milk and potential exploitation of β-CN variants in selective breeding programs. Furthermore, in Red Danish 1970 a very high prevalence of non-coagulating milk was found (18%).     

Genetic diversity and historic introgression in German Angler and Red Dual Purpose cattle and possibilities to reverse introgression

Recovering native uniqueness has major importance for breeds with historic introgression. The aim of the study was to estimate population genetic parameters for two local red cattle breeds from Northern Germany and to study possibilities to reverse introgression. Genealogical information consisted of 90,783 individuals for German Angler and 187,255 individuals for Red Dual-Purpose cattle breed, with additional information on sex, born, breed, status, and conventional breeding values. It is concluded that the native genetic contribution could be included as an additional trait in the total merit index in order to recover a part of the native genetic background. Native contributions should be estimated in the long term from marker data in order to account for Mendelian sampling. The maintenance of a sufficient genetic diversity of native alleles can be achieved by an advanced OCS with appropriate constraints.     

Genetic diversity of mtDNA D-loop sequences in four native Chinese chicken breeds

1. To explore the genetic diversity of Chinese indigenous chicken breeds, a 585 bp fragment of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) region was sequenced in 102 birds from the Xichuan black-bone chicken, Yunyang black-bone chicken and Lushi chicken. In addition, 30 mtDNA D-loop sequences of Silkie fowls were downloaded from NCBI. The mtDNA D-loop sequence polymorphism and maternal origin of 4 chicken breeds were analysed in this study.

2. The results showed that a total of 33 mutation sites and 28 haplotypes were detected in the 4 chicken breeds. The haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity of these 4 native breeds were 0.916 ± 0.014 and 0.012 ± 0.002, respectively. Three clusters were formed in 4 Chinese native chickens and 12 reference breeds. Both the Xichuan black-bone chicken and Yunyang black-bone chicken were grouped into one cluster. Four haplogroups (A, B, C and E) emerged in the median-joining network in these breeds.

3. It was concluded that these 4 Chinese chicken breeds had high genetic diversity. The phylogenetic tree and median network profiles showed that Chinese native chickens and its neighbouring countries had at least two maternal origins, one from Yunnan, China and another from Southeast Asia or its surrounding area.     

基于全基因组SNP分析8个地方鸡品种的遗传多样性

为揭示江西及周边地区地方鸡的遗传多样性信息,本研究采集了江西省5个地方鸡品种,广东省、浙江省以及江苏省各1个地方鸡品种共125个血样,利用全基因组SNP芯片分析地方鸡品种的群体结构、网络关系及系统进化情况.结果 表明,8个地方鸡品种45647个位点的多态信息含量大多为0.25＜PIC＜0.5,属于中度多态,表明这8个地...     

中国部分猪种同种异名问题的研究 Ⅰ.中南及华东六省区两头乌猪及小耳猪遗传关系的研究

对我国中南及华东六省区11地方猪品种(系)1171头猪进行的血清前白蛋白、后白蛋白、转铁蛋白以及铜蓝蛋白多态性实验结果表明,主要饲养于湖北省的通城猪、监利猪,湖南省的沙子岭猪,江西省的赣西两头乌猪、蒙山猪,广西壮族自治区的东山猪以及浙江省的金华猪Ⅰ系、Ⅱ系、Ⅲ系各两头乌猪品种(系)问存在着紧密的遗传关系;同样,4个血清蛋白多态位点的实验结果也表明了饲养于广东及广西二省区的广东小耳猪和陆川猪有着密切的遗传关系。     

中国地方鸭品种资源的分子遗传多样性

通过筛选的28个多态性较好的微卫星标记，检测了我国24个地方鸭品种的遗传多样性。利用等位基因频率计算了各群体的遗传参数和群体间的遗传距离，采用邻接法构建了聚类图，并进行了系统发生分析。结果表明：28个微卫星座位在我国家鸭群体中的多态信息含量除APL23和APL79为中度多态外，其他座位均为高度多态座位，可以作为有效的遗传标记用于鸭种之间遗传多样性分析和系统发生关系的分析；我国所有家鸭群体平均杂合度（0．569）低于国内的家鸡和家鹅，其遗传多样性相对贫乏；聚类结果分析表明了各家鸭品种的分子系统发生关系与其育成史、分化及地理分布比较一致。     

Genetic characterization of the autochthonous sheep populations from Chiapas, Mexico

The Tzotziles, a Mayan native group located in Chiapas, Southern Mexico, have sheep breeding as one of their principal means of subsistence. Sheep were introduced in the Americas by the Spaniards in the first half of the XVI Century. Three populations of sheep from Chiapas—Café, Chamula and Chiapas—were typed with 27 microsatellites. Genetic distances were calculated for three Iberian breeds, Spanish Merino, Churra, two Canary Islands breeds, Canaria and Palmera, and the French Mutton Merino (Precoce). In the case of Chiapas sheep most of the markers showed Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and the fixation index of Fst (0.095) showed a moderate level of genetic differentiation. The three distinct sheep subpopulations (Café, Chamula and Chiapas) are genetically differentiated inside the Chiapas sheep population. These breeds could be historically related to Spanish sheep populations, but have diverged significantly as a result of genetic drift and selection.