氧乐.酮乳油中氧乐果与三唑酮的毛细管气相色谱分析

本文介绍用一根以ＨＰ－５为固定液毛细管色谱柱,邻苯二甲酸二丁酯为内标物,分离测定氧乐．酮复配制剂中氧乐果和二唑酮的含量,其标准偏差分别为０．１２和０．０７７,是系数分别为别为０．８６％和０．９８％,回收率都在９９．０～１０１．０％之间,线性相关系数为ｒ氧乐果＝０．９９９６,ｒ三唑酮＝０．９９９５。     

乙基硫环磷－三氟氯氰乳油的分析方法

本文采用气相色谱法，选用２％ＯＶ－１７为固定液的填充柱，以邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯为内标物，在适宜的色谱条件下，对２０％乙基硫环磷－三氟氯氰乳油中的三氟氯氰菊酯进行定量分析，该方法变异系数为０．９２％，回收率为１０３．２６％，线性相关系数为０．９９９５，三氟氯氰菊酯保留时间为８．９ｍｉｎ。采用薄层－紫外法对乙基硫环磷－三氟氯氰乳油中的乙基硫环磷进行定量分析，变异系数为０．６９％，回收率为１００．８０％，摩尔吸光系数为１．４×１０~４Ｌ／ｍｏｌ．ｃｍ，线性相关系数为０．９９９０。     

烟草赤星病菌的生物学特性研究

本文主要测定了温度，相对湿度的ＰＨ值对烟草赤星病菌的影响。结果表明最适宜赤星病菌菌丝生长条件的温度为２５－３０℃。相对湿度大于７５％，ＰＨ值５．０－８．０；最适宜于分生孢子萌发条件的温度为２５－３２℃，相对湿度大于７５％，ＰＨ值５．０－８．９。     

15%毒.高氯乳油的液相色谱分析

本法采用高效液相色谱法对毒死蜱和高效氯氰菊酯混合制剂作定量分析。变异系数分别为０．８４％,１．２０％,标准偏差分别为０．１１３６,０．０１８５;回收率分别为９７．７９％－１００．１５％,９７．４７％－９９．３６％。     

水胺·硫丹乳油的气相色谱分析

本方法采用１０％ＳＥ－３０玻璃填充柱,正十九烷为内标物,在同一色谱条件下测定水胺硫磷、硫丹含量,其变异系数、回收率、相关系数分别为：水胺硫磷０．２１％;９９．７％～１０１．１％;０．９９９８。硫丹０．７８％;９９．６～１００．１％;０．９９９９。     

S—氰戊菊酯的毛细管气相色谱分析以及氰戊菊酯异构体的分离

本文采用空心毛细管柱柱气相色谱法,选和ＯＶ－１为固定液,以葵二酸二异辛酯为内标,在适宜的色谱条件下对５％Ｓ－氰戊菊酯乳油以及氰戊菊酯α,β异构体进行分离和分析,本法对Ｓ－氰戊菊酯的变异系数为０．８２％,回收率在１００．４％,线性相关系数为０．９９９８,用本法还可以分离氰戊菊酯α,β异构体,且α,β峰高的比值十分稳定,方法的变异系数为０．０９８％,实用,快速,方便。     

腐霉利.百菌清复合烟剂的气相色谱分析

本文介绍选用５％ＸＥ－６０,１ｍ×３ｍｍ（ｉ．ｄ）玻璃柱,以正二十八碳烷为内标物,在１９５℃柱温下对腐霉利．在菌清烟剂中有效成分腐霉利和百菌清同时进行气相色谱分析,百菌清的标准偏差为０．１３６,变异系数为１．３０％,回收率为９９．２７％,线性相关系数为０．９９９９,腐霉利的标准偏差为０．０７０,变异系数为０．６２６％,回收率为９９．７８％,线性相关系数为０．９９９９。     

水胺.硫丹乳油的气相色谱分析

本方法采用１０％ＳＥ－３０玻璃填充柱,正十九烷为内标物,在同一色谱条件下测定水胺硫磷,硫丹含量其变异系数,回收率,相关系数分别为：水胺硫磷０．２１％,９９．７％～１０１．１％,０．９９９８,硫丹０．７８％;９９．６～１００．１％,０．９９９９。     

腐霉利·百菌清复合烟剂的气相色谱分析

本文介绍选用５％ＸＥ－６０,１ｍ×３ｍｍ（ｉ．ｄ）玻璃柱,以正二十八碳烷为内标物,在１９５℃柱温下对腐霉利·百菌清烟剂中有效成分腐霉利和百菌清同时进行气相色谱分析。百菌清的标准偏差为０．１３６,变异系数为１．３０％,回收率为９９．２７％,线性相关系数为０．９９９９;腐霉利的标准偏差为０．０７０,变异系数为０．６２６％,回收率为９９．７８％,线性相关系数为０．９９９９。     

S-氰戊菊酯的毛细管气相色谱分析以及氰戊菊酯异构体的分离

本文采用空心毛细管柱气相色谱法，选用ＯＶ－１为固定液，以癸二酸二异辛酯为内标，在适宜的色谱条件下对５％Ｓ－氰戊菊酯乳油以及氰戊菊酯α、β异构体进行分离和分析。本法对Ｓ－氰戊菊酯的变异系数为０．８２％，回收率１００．４％，线性相关系数０．９９９８。用本法还可以分离氰戊菊酯α、β异构体，且α、β峰高的比值十分稳定，方法的变异系数为０．０９８％，实用、快速、方便。     

Long-Term Maize,Sorghum, and Millet Monoculture Effects on an Argentina Typic Ustipsamment

Maize, sorghum, and millet monoculture effects on soil properties of a Typic Ustip samment in the semiarid pampa of Argentina were evaluated after 27 years in a plot experiment. A permanent Eragrostis curvula pasture was used as a reference. Millet was the most destructive crop to the soil because it decreased dry aggregate stability by 10%, soil organic matter (OM) by 30%, extractable K by 20%, available P by 44%, inorganic P by 11%, available Fe by 20%, available Zn more than 90%, available Cu by 30%, and available Mn by 26%, and it increased wet aggregate instability by 75%. Grain sorghum was less destructive to the soil than millet because it only decreased OM by 30% and extractable K by 24%. All studied crops decreased the cation exchange capacity of the soil between 20 and 30%, the pH values, and the concentration of soil extractable Mg2+by 38 to 63%. Soil extractable Ca2+ was decreased 30% by the Eragrostis pasture and 40% by maize. The negative effect of millet and grain sorghum on OM was attributed to a low coverage of the soil with plant residues left by these crops as well as the long exposition of the bare soil during temperate and wet periods. Decreases of soil nutrient contents were attributed to plant uptake in all cases, except the Zn concentrations, which were related to variations on soil pH and phosphate concentrations. It was concluded that maize, the most commonly cultivated crop in the region studied, did not affect physical and chemical soil properties to a large extent. Conversely, millet had the most negative effect on physical and chemical properties of the soil.     

海洋多黏类芽胞杆菌可湿性粉剂的研制

以海洋多黏类芽胞杆菌Paenibacillus polymyxa为研究对象,通过单因素室内试验和田间试验,确定了可湿性粉剂配方及其对甜瓜枯萎病的田间防效。结果表明,可湿性粉剂最佳配方为:以皂土为载体的菌粉70%,稳定剂海藻酸钠14%,湿润剂蔗糖脂肪酸酯8%,分散剂聚乙烯醇8%。制得的可湿性粉剂活菌数为1.23×10^10cfu/g,含水量6%,润湿时间48 s,悬浮率75%,杂菌率0。采用7种不同方法防治甜瓜枯萎病,结果表明,可湿性粉剂对甜瓜枯萎病的综合防治效果高达84.9%。该制剂对甜瓜枯萎病具有良好防效,可作为防治甜瓜枯萎病的药剂在生产上推广应用。     

诱导小麦抗叶锈病生防细菌的筛选、鉴定及其防效评价

小麦叶锈病是小麦生产上的重要病害,防治该病害主要采用抗病品种和喷施化学农药,而探索生物防治是防治该病的一种新方法。本研究使用3株细菌菌悬液对小麦种子进行处理,于小麦一叶期接种叶锈病菌10d后调查其发病率和严重度。结果表明,在盆栽试验中,Sneb1462菌株菌悬液诱导小麦抗叶锈病的效果最好,可使发病率和严重度比对照分别降低27.54%和49.90%;Sneb1462还可促进小麦根部生长,施用后小麦根长和地下部鲜重分别比对照提高30.19%和29.03%。在大田试验中,用Sneb1462菌悬液处理小麦种子后叶锈病的严重度降低38.60%,小麦株高和穗重分别提高16.44%和34.98%,表明该菌株是一株优良的抗病促生菌。经透射电镜观察、16SrDNA序列分析及生理生化的检测,鉴定该菌株为多黏类芽胞杆菌Paenibacillus polymyxa。利用生防细菌Sneb1462进行种子处理防控小麦叶锈病将是一种新型的植保措施,具有重要的研究意义。     

RNAi沉默HvFTZ-F1对茄二十八星瓢虫幼虫存活及发育的影响

茄二十八星瓢虫Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata是茄科植物上的一种重要害虫,对我国的作物生产造成了严重的经济损失。RNAi（RNA inteference）被认为是防控这种害虫的一种新策略。FTZ-F1是昆虫生长发育过程中重要的调控基因。本研究通过饲喂茄二十八星瓢虫1龄幼虫5 ng/μL dsHvFTZ-F1处理过的茄子叶片,发现幼虫中HvFTZ-F1表达水平显著降低了63.69%,抑制1龄幼虫蜕皮进入2龄,致死率高达65.00%。同时,沉默HvFTZ-F1使得20E相关基因（HvDIB、HvSPOOK、HvSHADOW、HvSHADE、HvE75）表达水平分别降低了85.36%、66.32%、52.74%、31.12%和20.76%;色素沉积相关基因（HvDDC、HvTH、Hvebony）表达水平分别降低了88.74%、91.97%、86.15%;20E滴度和多巴胺滴度分别降低了15.97%和21.38%。综上,HvFTZ-F1在茄二十八星瓢虫的存活和生长发育中起重要作用。HvFTZ-F1可作为一种高效靶标基因用于开发基于RNAi技术的RNA生物农药,用于茄二十八星瓢虫的生物防治。     

梳型碳氟高分子表面活性剂在硝磺草酮悬浮剂开发中的应用

为了探讨新型梳型含氟高分子表面活性剂在硝磺草酮悬浮剂开发中的应用，分别以该类表面活性剂 b1 和 b9 为分散剂，以商品化分散剂YUS-FS3000为对照，分别制备了25%硝磺草酮悬浮剂，并测定了其悬浮率、粒径、入水分散性和稳定性等理化性质，室内除草活性，以及分散剂 b1 的添加量对以上性能的影响。结果表明:以 b1 和 b9 为分散剂制备的硝磺草酮悬浮剂，在热贮、低温和冷冻3种条件下分别贮存14 d，其有效成分含量在25.52%~26.98%之间，3种条件下有效成分质量分数均为合格；同时，在3种贮存条件下的悬浮率均高于98.0%，且以 b1 为分散剂时，其分散性和稳定性优于以YUS-FS3000为分散剂；即使 b1 的添加量 (质量分数) 为2%时，在3种条件下分别贮存14 d，其有效成分含量在25.62%~26.01%之间，同时其悬浮率高于99.0%。3种25%硝磺草酮悬浮剂对稗草Echinochloa crusgalli的GR₅₀值 (使杂草生物量降低50%的除草剂剂量) 分别为有效成分29.03 (YUS-FS3000)、15.70 ( b1 ) 和10.19 ( b9 ) g/hm2。     

The effects of white clover mosaic virus on vegetative growth and yield of clones of S.100 white clover

Ramet of eight clones of cultivar S.100 white clover were infected with white clover mosaic virus (WCMV) and compared with uninfected ramets. Infection reduced herbage yield over two cuts by between 25 and 75%, with a mean of 40% at both. Petiole length was reduced significantly by 8% at the first cut, but not at the second. There was an overall reduction of about 6% in mid-rib length. The mean length of the longest stolon was reduced by about 20% at both cuts, but this did not reflect the reaction of whole plants as total stolon length was reduced by a mean of 43%, within a range of 25–75%. The mean dry weight of stolon was reduced by 47%, while stolon specific weight (weight per unit length) was reduced by 7%. The reduced leaf yield in WCMV-infected plants was caused mainly by a reduction in stolon growth and not by a reduction in leaf size. Virus infection reduced the total number of growing points per plant by over 30%, but the number per metre of stolon was increased by over 20%. The total acid-soluble carbohydrate content of stolons was unaffected.
For all growth parameters measured, there was considerable variation between the eight clones in their reaction to WCMV infection, most clones being affected detrimentally. In one clone, however, leaf dry weight yield of infected plants at the first cut was double that of healthy plants. At the second cut, both leaf and total stolon dry weights were greater by 40%, the total number of growing points by 80%, and the growing points per metre of stolon by 30%.     

Foliar absorption and translocation of fosamine and 2,4,5-T in blackberry (Rubus proceras P. J. Muell.)

Fosamine (ammonium ethyl carbamoylphosphonate) formulated as a 1% w/v solution in 0–25%v/v Tween 20 was absorbed slowly by detached leaves of Rubus procerus P.J. Muell., 35% of the applied herbicide being absorbed after 96 h. Fosamine does not appear to be rainfast, as up to 80% of the applied herbicide and 99.9% of the removable herbicide were removed from the leaves by washing for 5 min in distilled water. Translocalion of fosamine was rapid in small R. procerus plants and followed a pattern similar to that taken by assimilates: 2,4,5–T did not translocate to the root system as readily as fosamine or assimilates.     

施用蚯蚓粪对西瓜品质及根际土壤理化性状的影响

以‘黑彤K-8’西瓜为试材,通过大田试验研究了CK（不施肥）、CF（习惯施肥）、VC（蚯蚓粪）和VC＋CF（蚯蚓粪和化肥各提供50%的氮）等处理对西瓜品质及根际土壤理化性状的影响。结果表明：同CF处理相比,VC＋CF处理明显降低了根际土壤pH值,显著提高了根际土壤速效N、P、K含量以及EC值;明显增强了脲酶、过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶和蔗糖酶活性,其中脲酶活性分别比CK、CF和VC处理提高51.13%、17.19%和12.84%。此外,VC＋CF处理还显著提高了西瓜产量,且明显改善了西瓜品质。与VC＋CF处理相比,VC处理对西瓜根际土壤理化性状及产量、品质的影响较小。因此,蚯蚓粪与化肥配施对西瓜的作用效果更佳,是比较理想的施肥措施。     

棉花黄萎病菌毒素的纯化与特性研究

 用凝集素伴刀豆球蛋白(ConA)做配基的Sepharose 4B亲和层析纯化了毒素物质。分析证明病菌产生的毒素物质是一种酸性糖蛋白,其中蛋白质和糖的含量分别为85.26%和14.74%,每毫升纯化毒素中含蛋白质1.04mg、糖0.18mg。蛋白质中含17种氨基酸,酸性氨基酸占总量的18.4%,碱性氨基酸占8.3%。#br#纯化毒素糖蛋白具有明显的特性:对棉苗具有强烈地致萎作用,用病菌人工接种表现出同样的症状;在高离子浓度下毒素被降解,低离子浓度下,出现白色沉淀,致萎力减弱;经木瓜蛋白酶、a-淀粉酶、6NHCl水解后,对棉苗的致萎力分别降低7%、57%和93%。     

5个不同腰果品系对腰果细蛾抗虫性研究

在田间自然发生条件下,研究了5个不同腰果品系对腰果细蛾的抗虫性。结果表明,5个不同腰果品系的抗虫能力为HL2-21>GA63>DF2>HL2-13>FL30。HL2-21对腰果细蛾的抗虫能力最强,其蛾害指数为12.30%(抗),显著低于其他腰果品系。GA63也有较强的抗虫能力,其蛾害指数为21.80%(中抗),显著低于DF2、HL2-13和FL30。DF2和HL2-13的抗虫能力较弱,其蛾害指数分别为28.40%(中抗)和31.30%(感虫);FL30的抗虫能力最弱,其蛾害指数为40.80%(高感),显著高于其他腰果品系。