施用蚯蚓粪对西瓜品质及根际土壤理化性状的影响

以‘黑彤K-8’西瓜为试材,通过大田试验研究了CK（不施肥）、CF（习惯施肥）、VC（蚯蚓粪）和VC＋CF（蚯蚓粪和化肥各提供50%的氮）等处理对西瓜品质及根际土壤理化性状的影响。结果表明：同CF处理相比,VC＋CF处理明显降低了根际土壤pH值,显著提高了根际土壤速效N、P、K含量以及EC值;明显增强了脲酶、过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶和蔗糖酶活性,其中脲酶活性分别比CK、CF和VC处理提高51.13%、17.19%和12.84%。此外,VC＋CF处理还显著提高了西瓜产量,且明显改善了西瓜品质。与VC＋CF处理相比,VC处理对西瓜根际土壤理化性状及产量、品质的影响较小。因此,蚯蚓粪与化肥配施对西瓜的作用效果更佳,是比较理想的施肥措施。

Effects of Vermicompost on Quality and Phy-chemical Properties in Rhizosphere Soil of Watermelon

Vermicompost was an important organic amendment that regulated the functional properties of agricultural systems. However, there was little information on the effect of vermicompost co-applied with inorganic fertilizer on the ecological environment at rhizosphere soil and yield of watermelon. Considering the benefits of vermieompost, a field experiment was conducted to determine whether the vermicompost co-applied with inorganic fertilizer benefits the ecological environment of watermelon rhizosphere soil. There were four treatments in the field experiment, CK （neither urea nor vermicompost was applied）, CF （100% of nitrogen was provided by urea）, VC （100% of nitrogen was provided by vermicompost）, and VC＋CF （50% and 50% of nitrogen was provided by vermicompost and urea, respectively）. The study was conducted to determine the effects of vermicompost co-applied with inorganic fertilizer on soil phy-chemical properties, enzyme activities at rhizosphere soil and yield as well as quality of watermelon. The results showed that compared to the CF treatment, the VC＋CF treatment significantly decreased the pH value and apparently increased the contents of available N, available P and available K, as well as EC value in rhizosphere soil. At the same time, the activity of urease enzyme, catalase enzyme, polyphenol oxidase enzyme and invertase enzyme in VC＋CF treatment was also improved, showing 51.13%, 17.19% and 12.84% increases on urease enzyme activity than in CK, CF and VC treatments, respectively. Additionally, the VC＋CF treatment also significantly improved the yield and quality of watermelon. In comparison with the VC＋CF treatment, the VC treatment had less effect on soil biological characteristics and yield as well as quality of watermelon. As a result, vermicompost co-applied with inorganic fertilizer had better effect on watermelon, which was an ideal fertilization practices.