氨氮对拟穴青蟹的急性毒性及对其血清免疫相关酶活力的影响

采用静水法研究氨氮对拟穴青蟹(Scylla paramamosain)的急性毒性及在氨氮初始浓度分别为0(C0,对照组)、10(C10组)、20(C20组)、30(C30组)、40(C40组)、50 mg/L(C50组),胁迫时间分别为0、6、24、48、72 h的条件下对其血清中碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、溶菌酶(LZM)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和酚氧化酶(PO)活力的影响。结果显示,总氨氮对拟穴青蟹24 h和48 h的半致死浓度分别为104.793、66.124 mg/L,安全浓度为7.90 mg/L,非离子氨对拟穴青蟹24 h和48 h的半致死浓度分别为8.396、5.298 mg/L,安全浓度为0.63 mg/L。在胁迫6、24、48与72 h时,各实验组的LZM活力均显著低于对照组(P0.01)。相较于对照组,C10、C20及C40组在24 h的AKP、ACP活力均显著升高(P0.05)。C20组在24 h的SOD活力则显著低于其他胁迫时间点(P0.05)。胁迫72 h时,C30、C40及C50组的PO活力显著高于对照组(P0.05)。该实验条件下,不高于40 mg/L的氨氮可在24 h内使拟穴青蟹血清中的AKP与ACP活力显著升高,而50 mg/L的氨氮则对其具有抑制作用;各实验组浓度氨氮均在72 h内对拟穴青蟹血清中的LZM活力具有显著的抑制作用,对PO活力具有明显的刺激作用,对SOD活力无显著影响。     

基于浸泡法的牙鲆耳石锶标记技术研究

为了探究耳石微化学标记技术在牙鲆增殖放流中的应用,以全长(1.56±0.16)cm的牙鲆幼鱼为研究对象,在其养殖水中分别添加0.5 mg/L、2 mg/L、8 mg/L、32 mg/L SrCl_2·6H_2O,以无添加SrCl_2·6H_2O组为对照组,人为改变牙鲆幼鱼生存环境中Sr~(2+)浓度72 h,研究不同浓度SrCl_2·6H_2O对牙鲆耳石锶标记效果。标记期间每24 h换水1次,换水量为50%,换水后补加SrCl_2·6H_2O至原始浓度,记录各浓度组标记期间及标记后的鱼苗死亡数量。利用X射线电子探针微区分析仪(EPMA)对耳石样本进行分析,定量线分析结果表明, 0.5 mg/L、2 mg/L SrCl_2·6H_2O浸染不能形成牙鲆耳石锶标记。8 mg/L浓度组出现Sr峰区, Sr/Ca (Sr:Ca×1000)均值为4.50～6.60, Sr峰值为5.49～8.49。32 mg/L浓度组Sr峰区均值为4.83～7.55, Sr峰值为5.62～11.04。这说明8 mg/L、32 mg/L SrCl_2·6H_2O可对牙鲆耳石进行锶标记。但8 mg/L浓度组出现未标记样本,且Sr峰区均值较32 mg/L浓度组低。32 mg/L浓度组Sr/Ca比值显著增高,即锶标记的Sr/Ca比值为6.61±0.86,与标记前和对照组Sr/Ca比值差异均显著(P0.05),锶标记率100%。面分布分析(mapping analysis)结果表明,从8 mg/L SrCl_2·6H_2O浓度组开始,耳石出现红色"高锶标记环",与耳石本底颜色对比明显,且随浓度升高,红色"高锶标记环"由浅变深,锶标记效果明显增强。单因素方差分析和Duncan多重比较结果显示,各浓度组全长、体重与对照组差异不显著(P0.05),不同浓度的SrCl_2·6H_2O对牙鲆幼鱼生长无影响。经χ2检验,各浓度组在浸泡标记期间死亡率及标记后养殖90 d的累积死亡率无显著性差异(P0.05),不同浓度的SrCl_2·6H_2O对牙鲆幼鱼死亡率无显著影响。因此, 32 mg/L SrCl_2·6H_2O为最佳标记浓度。     

氨、亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐对凡纳滨对虾幼虾的毒性作用

研究了 NH₃-N、NO₂ ^- -N与 NO₃ ^- -N对凡纳滨对虾幼虾的毒性作用。获得了 NH₃-N_t(NH₃-N_m) 与 NO₂ ^- -N对体长2．4cm幼虾的 24h、48h、72h、96h之 LC₅₀值，两者对幼虾的安全质量分数分别为1．30 (0．101)mg/L和3．80mg/L。当 NH₃-N_t(NH₃-N_m)质量分数在1．3(0．101)~4．3(0．333)mg/L时，存活率为71．4% ~92．9%，体长增长率为36．3% ~57．1%，体重增长率为188．5% ~322．3%。当 NO₂ ^- -N质量分数在3．00~21．00mg/L时，成活率为75．0% ~91．7%，体长增长率为21．2% ~59．2%，体重增长率为72．0% ~311．9%。NO₃ ^- -N对体长7．37cm幼虾的亚急性毒性效应：NO₃ ^- -N的质量分数在 30~195mg/L时，成活率为 35% ~100%，体长增长率为8．5% ~20．5%，体重增长率为29．6% ~56．8% 。三态氮在一定质量分数范围内均对幼虾的存活率和生长率产生影响。     

亚硝酸盐对文昌鱼磷酸酶、酚氧化酶及部分生长指标的影响

研究了茂名海域文昌鱼(Branchiostoma belcher)耐受亚硝酸盐(NO-2)的极限和在NO-2胁迫条件下体重及磷酸酶(ACP)、酚氧化酶(PO)的变化情况.结果表明,文昌鱼在(25±1)℃温度条件下在96 h内耐受NO-2的半致死浓度LC50为262.98 mg/L.在水体NO-2质量浓度不超过0.34 mg/L时,ACP活性与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05),在0.24 mg/L时对碱性磷酸酶(ALP)及PO有显著影响,差异显著(P<0.05);大于12.07 mg/L时,对文昌鱼ALP、ACP及PO活性均有显著的抑制作用(P<0.05).NO-2质量浓度达到33.44 mg/L时,文昌鱼体重与对照组相比受抑制作用显著(P<0.05).     

氨氮胁迫下凡纳滨对虾对副溶血弧菌的易感性

为探讨养殖水体中总氨氮胁迫对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)"急性肝胰腺坏死综合征(Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Syndrome,AHPNS)"发生的影响,设置了1个对照组和4个不同质量浓度氨氮实验组:2.5、5.0、7.5、10.0 mg/L实验组,胁迫20 d后腹肌注射副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)进行感染。凡纳滨对虾感染后6–24 h,除对照组外,各实验组均出现死亡高峰。24 h后,5.0、7.5和10 mg/L实验组对虾累积死亡率均高于2.5 mg/L组,且在同一取样时间各实验组对虾累积死亡率随着氨氮浓度的升高而升高,48 h后各实验组对虾不再死亡,其累计死亡率分别为0、8%、12%、20%和36%。PO活性呈现先升高再降低的趋势,对照组、2.5和5.0 mg/L实验组PO活性差异性不显著(P0.05),7.5和10 mg/L实验组除12 h外均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。SOD活性呈现先升高后下降的趋势,7.5和10 mg/L实验组SOD活性在感染后除24 h外均显著高于对照组(P0.05),而2.5 mg/L实验组与对照组差异性不显著(P0.05)。对照组和2.5 mg/L实验组对虾LSZ活性在各取样时间点差异性不显著(P0.05),7.5和10 mg/L实验组对虾LSZ活性在3 h、6 h、24 h、48 h时间点显著低于对照组(P0.05)。感染6 h后各实验组对虾肝胰腺中Lv LT m RNA表达量开始上升,24 h后开始下调,至72 h恢复至原水平。实验结果表明,氨氮胁迫能降低凡纳滨对虾的非特异性免疫酶活性,影响对虾肝胰腺中Lv LT m RNA对病原刺激的应答反应,增加对副溶血弧菌的易感性,为预防凡纳滨对虾AHPNS的暴发,养殖水体中总氨氮浓度应控制在1.96 mg/L以下。     

亚硝酸氮对曼氏无针乌贼幼体的急性毒性及免疫系统的影响

研究采用常规生物毒性实验方法,进行了亚硝酸氮对曼氏无针乌贼幼体的急性毒性实验,测定了在不同浓度亚硝酸氮急性毒性胁迫下,曼氏无针乌贼幼体内酸性磷酸酶(ACP),碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、超氧化物酶活性(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的变化,并对其致死浓度进行了测定。结果表明,96 h的急性毒性实验对曼氏无针乌贼幼体的存活和免疫系统的活性有明显影响。在亚硝酸氮胁迫下,ACP活性在0.03 mg/L时急剧上升到最高,随胁迫浓度的增高,活性逐渐下降,在3.34 mg/L时低于对照组,在最高浓度胁迫下活性降到最低;ALP活性随亚硝酸氮胁迫浓度的增高也出现先增加后降低的趋势。SOD活性在亚硝酸氮胁迫下逐渐升高,在0.03 mg/L时达到最高,随后逐渐下降,但直到6.67 mg/L时才低于对照组;CAT活性也在0.03mg/L时即达到最高,但在0.67 mg/L时即低于对照组,并在最高浓度时降到最低。本实验还得出,亚硝酸氮的LC50(mg/L)为3.71 mg/L,安全浓度(mg/L)为0.013 mg/L。     

碳源和氮源加富对脆江蓠生长及生化组分的影响

在实验室条件下研究了碳源(添加CO2)和氮源(添加Na NO3)加富对大型海藻脆江蓠(Gracilaria chouae)生长及其生化组成的影响。设置碳源加富(800μL/L CO2)和对照(400μL/L CO2)2个碳源处理组,氮源加富(100μmol/L、300μmol/L和500μmol/L 3NO?-N)和对照(10μmol/L3NO?-N)4个氮源处理组,每个处理3个重复。实验共进行10 d,测定不同处理组藻体的生长及可溶性总糖(SS)、可溶性蛋白质(SP)、藻红蛋白(PE)、叶绿素a(Chla)、总碳(TC)和总氮(TN)含量的变化。结果表明,碳源和氮源加富都会促进脆江蓠的生长,在800μL/L CO2和100μmol/L 3NO?-N处理组,脆江蓠的瞬时生长率(SGR)最大(11.70%/d);高浓度CO2会降低藻体SP、PE和Chla的含量,但提高了SS的含量;随着硝态氮浓度的增大,PE和SP含量逐渐增加,而SS含量逐渐降低,Chla含量没有明显变化。藻体的TN含量随着硝态氮浓度的增加而逐渐提高,而TC和C/N比值则呈现逐渐降低的趋势,并且藻体的TN和TC含量呈现出显著的负相关关系(P0.05)。本实验证实添加碳、氮会引起脆江蓠生长和生化组成的变化,但其能耐受较高的CO2浓度和氮浓度。     

氨氮对泥鳅的急性毒性及对其肝、鳃组织超微结构的影响

通过急性毒性和胁迫试验,探讨氨氮对泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)的急性毒性及对其肝、鳃超微结构的影响,为其养殖水质指标管理提供理论依据.急性毒性试验结果表明,在水温(25±1)℃、pH (8.1 ±0.1)、溶解氧(6.5±0.5)mg/L时,水中氨氮浓度越高,泥鳅的死亡率越高,其96 h LC50总氨浓度(TAN)为164.4 mg/L,非离子氨(NH4+-N)浓度为2.22 mg/L.胁迫试验结果表明,随着氨氮浓度的变化,试验组泥鳅鳃组织在21 d后出现不同程度的变化;其中,50 mg/L和150 mg/L浓度组的泥鳅鳃丝表面出现分泌物,细胞水肿;250 mg/L组鳃丝表面分泌物增加,鳃小片聚拢,上皮细胞水肿加剧;450 mg/L组鳃上皮坏死.泥鳅肝脏细胞超微结构在不同氨氮浓度下也出现不同程度的损伤,50 mg/L和150 mg/L组的泥鳅肝脏细胞线粒体扭曲变形,细胞核变形,核膜肿胀;250 mg/L组肝脏细胞胞浆空泡化,残存细胞器的结构不完整;450 mg/L组出现大量肝脏细胞凋亡.随着氨氮胁迫浓度的不断升高,鳃组织和肝细胞超微结构的受损程度逐渐严重,且损伤不可逆转.     

盐碱胁迫对尼罗罗非鱼鳃Na+/HCO3-共转运子、碳酸酐酶基因表达的影响

为了探讨盐碱胁迫条件下鱼类渗透生理调节机制,以尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)为实验材料, PCR扩增得到了Na⁺/HCO₃^-共转运子(NBCe1)基因cDNA部分序列,比较了单盐(盐度10、盐度15)、单碱(1.5 g/L、3 g/L NaHCO₃)、盐碱混合(盐度10,碱度1.5 g/L;盐度15,碱度3 g/L)胁迫后不同时间(0 h、6 h、12 h、24 h、48 h、72 h、96 h)血清渗透压、离子浓度(Na⁺、K⁺、Cl^-、Ca²⁺)以及鳃碳酸酐酶(CA)活性、CA与NBCe1基因mRNA表达变化。结果显示,不同胁迫条件下,血清渗透压、离子浓度、鳃组织CA酶活、CA与NBCe1基因mRNA表达变化均与胁迫强度呈正相关。随时间推移,血清渗透压、离子浓度呈现先上升后下降的变化趋势,单盐、盐碱混合组血清渗透压值较单碱组高。单盐、单碱、盐碱混合组中, NBCe1基因mRNA在鳃中均呈略微上调,但不显著(P>0.05)。单碱组和盐碱混合组鳃CA活性较单盐组高,低盐碱胁迫(盐度10,碱度1.5 g/L)下CA活性较晚达最高值;不同胁迫条件下, CA基因mRNA表达均表现上调,单碱、盐碱混合组更为显著(P<0.05),推测CA较NBCe1对体内HCO₃^-转运作用更为显著。研究结果为尼罗罗非鱼盐碱适应生理调节提供了基础资料。     

溶解无机氮加富对海带养殖水体无机碳体系的影响

通过室内模拟实验,研究了在海带养殖水体中添加不同浓度的无机氮(NO-3-N和NH+4-N)对海水无机碳体系的影响。结果表明,无机碳体系各组分的变化趋势与无机氮添加浓度和无机氮形态有关。当NO-3-N和NH+4-N浓度范围分别在(4.73~52.78)μmol/L和(2.56~34.66)μmol/L时,DIC、HCO-3和pCO2均随着营养盐浓度的增加呈下降趋势,其中以NO-3-3和NH+4-3组变化最为明显,均达到最低值,分别为2 054、2 112μmol/L,1 776、1 869μmol/L,86、114μatm;而当NO-3-N和NH+4-N浓度范围分别为(52.78~427.29)μmol/L、(34.66~268.33)μmol/L时,DIC、HCO-3和pCO2随着营养盐浓度的增加,其下降幅度逐渐减弱,但实验结束时DIC、HCO-3和pCO2仍低于对照组。NO-3-N对海带养殖水体无机碳体系的影响较NH+4-N明显,加NO-3-N组对水体的固碳能力显著高于加NH+4-N组。当NO-3-N和NH+4-N浓度分别为52.78μmol/L、34.66μmol/L时,海带的光合固碳能力达到最大,过高或者过低均会降低海带对水体无机碳的吸收固定。     

Dependence on body size of respiratory function in Hoplias malabaricus (Teleostei,Erythrinidae) during graded hypoxia

Oxygen uptake and ventilatory responses to environmental hypoxia were assessed for two groups of Hoplias malabaricus of nearly tenfold different body weights (mean weights, group I = 39 g; group II = 365 g). The main purpose of the study was to evaluate the relationships between body weight and the critical O₂ tension (P_CO₂) for maintenance of normal resting O₂ uptake. The smaller specimens had a threefold larger weight-specific O₂ uptake compared to that of the larger specimens. Moreover, smaller size coincided with a higher P_CO₂, i.e., a more limited range for maintenance of O₂ uptake during hypoxia. Likewise, at any inspired PO₂ the weight-specific gill ventilation was largest for group I. This was most pronounced during severe hypoxia where both tidal volume and respiratory frequency increased markedly. In addition, the oxygen cost of breathing tended to be highest in the smaller individuals. The results open questions as to correlations between development, weight-dependent O₂ demands, and tolerance to hypoxia on an intraspecific level.     

Total and free thyroid hormones in plasma of tropical marine teleost fish

Plasma levels of L-thyroxine (T₄) and 3,5,3-triiodo-L-thyronine (T₃) and the percentage of plasma T₄ and T₃ present in the free (dialyzable) form (%FT₄ and %FT₃) were measured in 16 species (11 families) of tropical marine teleosts from an inshore Barbados reef. Mean plasma T₄ varied from 0.2 ng/ml to 42 ng/ml; mean plasma T₃ varied from < 0.2 ng/ml to 50 ng/ml. The highest T₄ and T₃ levels were recorded in parrot-fish and the lowest levels in filefish. The %oFT₄ and %FT₃ varied from 0.05–3.41%. Estimated levels of plasma free T₄ and free T₃ levels ranged from 0.4–466 pg/ml. The extremely wide inter- and intra-species ranges in levels of free T₄ and T₃ do not support a previous suggestion, based on temperate freshwater salmonid species, that free T₄ and T₃ levels in fish may fall within a relatively range narrow comparable to that of homeothermic vertebrates.     

The effects of experimental anaemia on CO2 excretionin vitro in rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss

The effects of severe experimental anaemia on red blood cell HCO₃ ^– dehydrationin vitro were examined in rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss. After 5 days of anaemia (haematocrit=4.9±1.1%) induced by intraperitoneal injection of phenylhydrazine hydrochloride, fish displayed elevated arterial CO₂ tensions (anaemic PaCO₂=3.19±0.42 torrvs. control PaCO₂=1.35±0.17 torr) and a significant acidosis (anaemic pHa=7.73±0.04vs. control pHa=7.99±0.04). However, after 15–20 days of anaemia (hct=6.6±0.8%) induced by blood withdrawal, the arterial CO₂ tension was significantly lower than the control value, suggesting that physiological adjustments occurred within this time period to compensate for the lowered haematocrit. Compensation probably did not involve alterations in ventilation, which was unaffected by 5 days of anaemia (anaemic ;w=786±187 ml min^–1 kg^–1 vs. control ;w=945±175 min^–1 kg^–1), based on indirect Fick principle measurements.Potential adaptations to longer term anaemia at the level of the red blood cells were investigated using a radioisotopic HCO₃ ^– dehydration assay. Owing to the difference in haematocrits, the HCO₃ ^– dehydration rate for blood from anaemic fish was significantly lower than that for control fish following equilibration at the same CO₂ tension. This difference was eliminated when HCO₃ ^– dehydration rates were measured on blood samples adjusted to the same haematocrit, a result which implies that the intrinsic rate of CO₂ excretion at the level of the red blood cell was not up-regulated during anaemia. The difference was also eliminated by equilibrating the blood samples with CO₂ tensions appropriate for the group from which the sample was obtained,i.e., PCO₂=1.4 torr for control samples and PCO₂=3.2 torr for anaemic samples; each at the appropriate haematocrit. It is concluded that the elevated PaCO₂ helps to reset CO₂ excretion to the control level, but that some additional physiological adjustment occurs to lower the PaCO₂ after 15–20 days of anaemia.     

Effect of excess iodide on thyroid function of rainbow trout,Salmo gairdneri

The acute and chronic effects of excess iodide (KI or NaI) were studied on thyroid function of rainbow trout at 11±1°C. No Wolff-Chaikoff effect, characteristic of mammals, was observed and instead plasma L-thyroxine (T₄) levels increased 6 hr after a single iodide injection. Plasma 3,5,3′-triiodo-L-thyronine (T₃) did not change and by 24 hr plasma T₄ returned to normal. This iodide-induced elevation in plasma T₄ was probably not due to toxic effects demonstrated at higher NaI or KI doses. A single iodide injection also decreased the plasma iodide distribution space, decreased the fractional rate of plasma iodide loss and completely blocked thyroidal uptake of radioiodide. Injections of iodide over a 22-day period elevated plasma iodide 200X with no mortality and no influence on plasma T₄ or T₃. It is concluded that: (i) apart from the transient 6h increase in plasma T₄, trout thyroid function, as judged by plasma hormone levels, is insensitive to considerable iodide excess, (ii) non-invasive iodide suppression of thyroidal radioiodide recycling may be useful in kinetic studies of¹²⁵I-labeled thyroid hormones, and (iii) fundamental differences in intrathyroidal iodine metabolism appear to exist between mammals and fish.     

Effects of Fumonisin B1-Containing Feed on the Muscle Proteins and Ice-Storage Life of White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

Juvenile (5.5–5.7 g) white leg shrimp were exposed to mycotoxin in one indoor trial by feeding fumonisin B₁ (FB₁) at levels from 0.2 to 2.0 μg g^?1 FB₁ for 30 days. Shrimp growth was affected after exposure to more than 0.6 μg g^?1 FB₁. Soluble muscle protein concentration decreased, and changes in myosin thermodynamic properties were observed in shrimp after 30 days of exposure to FB₁. Marked histological changes in tissue of shrimp fed a diet containing FB₁ at 2.0 μg g^?1 were also observed. Shrimp fed diets containing more than 0.6 μg g^?1 FB₁ showed greater decrease in shear forces after 12 days of ice storage.     

In vivo calcitropic effect of some vitamin D compounds in the marine Antarctic teleost,Pagothenia bernacchii

The Antarctic notothenioid, Pagothenia bernacchii, were found to have plasma total and free calcium levels, plasma inorganic phosphate and whole body calcium efflux rates which were similar to those seen in other teleosts. But total bone calcium was lower than reported for other teleosts. A single injection of vitamin D₃ (5 ng g^–1 fish) increased plasma total and plasma free calcium and these increases were associated with an increase in whole body calcium efflux and bone calcification. Conversely, the same treatment with 1,25-(OH)₂-D₃ reduced plasma free calcium. This seco-steroid also increased the specific activity of ⁴⁵Ca in bone at 40h post-injection but did not significantly effect total bone calcium, plasma total calcium or whole body calcium efflux. 25-OH-D₃ at the same dose had no effect on any of the parameters tested and none of the seco-steroids tested had any effect on plasma total inorganic phosphate. These data show that both D₃ and 1,25-(OH)₃-D₃ can have calcitropic effects in this marine teleost and that these two forms of vitamin D can exert different effects within the same species.     

嗜水气单胞菌引致的金钱鱼细菌性疾病

为了分离鉴定实验室养殖的金钱鱼暴发性疾病的病原,利用传统病原分离的方法,从病鱼肝脏分离得到一株G–短杆菌(Ah201416),对其进行电镜观察和生理生化鉴定,对病鱼组织进行病理切片分析,并根据科赫法则,用分离株对健康金钱鱼进行人工感染。结果显示,该菌株电镜下观察细菌大小为0.8~1.0μm×1.0~2.0μm(宽×长),无芽孢和荚膜,生理生化特性与嗜水气单胞菌基本一致;16S r RNA序列(登录号:KR006248)与Gen Bank中嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila,Ah ATCC7966)的16S r RNA基因序列的同源性高达99%,系统进化树与Ah聚为一支。病理切片分析发现,发病金钱鱼与正常金钱鱼相比,鳃小片细胞不同程度地脱落,伴有白细胞浸润;肠绒毛结构消失,肌肉层疏松明显;肾脏中肾小管细胞脱落,管腔中有坏死细胞,并出现不同程度的颗粒变性;肝脏细胞形态不规则,伴有血细胞浸润等病理损伤。人工感染实验表明,其对健康金钱鱼96h的半数致死剂量(LD50)为7.35×107 CFU/m L。研究表明,发病金钱鱼中分离的Ah201416菌株为嗜水气单胞菌,丰富了金钱鱼细菌性病原的研究,此结果为金钱鱼细菌性疾病的防治和养殖业的健康发展提供了重要的理论依据。     

西伯利亚鲟(F2)胚后发育的形态观察

对人工养殖西伯利亚鲟(F₂)仔鱼的胚后发育形态进行了观察，从仔鱼刚出膜［0日龄，(9.16±0.21) mm］开始一直观察到早期稚鱼阶段［53日龄，(87.12±1.92) mm］。从形态发育来看，西伯利亚鲟仔鱼的胚后发育可以分为2个时期：早期仔鱼，即从刚出膜（0日龄）到初次开口（9日龄）摄食；晚期仔鱼，从开口摄食至器官发育基本完全（37日龄）；以后进入早期稚鱼期。早期仔鱼期的形态建成与分化明显地比晚期仔鱼和早期稚鱼快，其中，早期仔鱼的感觉、摄食、呼吸、游泳等器官快速分化；晚期仔鱼，主要表现为各骨板的分化和完善，当仔鱼在形态上完成向成鱼转变时，表示进入了早期稚鱼期。西伯利亚鲟胚后发育的观察结果显示，发育的早期阶段各器官协调并快速发育，感觉、摄食、呼吸、游泳等器官的出现和完善，使仔鱼在短时间内具备了躲避敌害和摄食的能力，其生存能力大大提高。