氨、亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐对凡纳滨对虾幼虾的毒性作用

研究了 NH₃-N、NO₂ ^- -N与 NO₃ ^- -N对凡纳滨对虾幼虾的毒性作用。获得了 NH₃-N_t(NH₃-N_m) 与 NO₂ ^- -N对体长2．4cm幼虾的 24h、48h、72h、96h之 LC₅₀值，两者对幼虾的安全质量分数分别为1．30 (0．101)mg/L和3．80mg/L。当 NH₃-N_t(NH₃-N_m)质量分数在1．3(0．101)~4．3(0．333)mg/L时，存活率为71．4% ~92．9%，体长增长率为36．3% ~57．1%，体重增长率为188．5% ~322．3%。当 NO₂ ^- -N质量分数在3．00~21．00mg/L时，成活率为75．0% ~91．7%，体长增长率为21．2% ~59．2%，体重增长率为72．0% ~311．9%。NO₃ ^- -N对体长7．37cm幼虾的亚急性毒性效应：NO₃ ^- -N的质量分数在 30~195mg/L时，成活率为 35% ~100%，体长增长率为8．5% ~20．5%，体重增长率为29．6% ~56．8% 。三态氮在一定质量分数范围内均对幼虾的存活率和生长率产生影响。

The Toxicity of Ammonia,Nitrite and Nitrate to Juvenile Whiteleg Shrimp Penaeus vannamei

The toxicity of NH₃ -N, NO₂ ^- -N and NO₃ ^- -N to juvenile whiteleg shrimp Penaeus vannamei was studied and the toxicity of NH₃ -N_t(NH₃ -N_m) and NO₂ ^- -N to median lethal concentration of juvenile shrimp 2.4 cm in length was obtained in 24 h,48 h,72 h and 96 h. Their toxicity to safety concentration of juvenile shrimp was 1.30(0.101) mg/L and 3.80 mg/L,respectively. When the concentrations of NH₃ -N_t(NH₃ -N_m) were 1.3(0.101)-4.3(0.333) mg/L,the survival rates were 71.4%-92.9%,the growth rates in length were 36.3%-57.1% and the growth rates in weight were 188.5%-322.3%.While the concentrations of NO₂ ^- -N were 3.00-21.00 mg/L,the survival rates were 75.0%-91.7%,with growth rates in length of 21.2%-59.2% and those in weight of 72.0%-311.9%.The effects of subacute toxicity of NO₃ ^- -N to juvenile shrimp 7.37 cm in length were as follows: When the concentrations of NO₃ ^- -N were 30-195 mg/L,the survival rates were 35%-100%,the growth rates in length 8.5%-20.5% and the growth rates in weight 29.6%-56.8%.Three kinds of liquid nitrogen within the range of specific concentration have all effects on the survival rates and growth rates of juvenile shrimp.