漠斑牙鲆人工繁育技术研究

本文研究了漠斑牙鲆亲鱼培育、产卵、受精卵孵化,仔稚鱼饵料系列的选择以及营养强化,并进行了人工授精试验,完善了漠斑牙鲆人工繁育技术工艺.结果表明:16～18 ℃为漠斑牙鲆最佳自然产卵水温;18～19 ℃水温下仔稚鱼的成活率较高.     

舟山褐牙鲆亲鱼培育与催产技术研究

试验研究了舟山牙鲆人工培育及促熟催产中的技术措施。采用自然海区捕获的牙鲆亲鱼,逐年筛选、精心培育,共获得健康的2~4龄成熟亲鱼300尾(雄鱼200尾、雌鱼100尾),体重1 000~5 000 g。在自然产卵和外源激素HCG(1 500 IU/kg)及LHRH-A3(5μg/kg)的作用下(雄鱼减半),共采卵536.2×104粒,上浮率51.3%,受精率69.5%,孵化率84.2%。与自然产卵相比,激素催产产卵数量多,受精率和孵化率相对偏低;而自然产卵受精率和孵化率高,但产卵不够集中且数量相对较少。     

欧洲鳇全人工繁殖技术研究

对引进的欧洲鳇鱼种在生态循环水工厂化养殖车间进行人工驯养、亲鱼培育和全人工繁殖试验.2012年11月从中挑选亲本4组,在16.3℃的水温条件下,模拟自然产卵生态环境,通过人工注射催产药物地欧酮(DOM)和鲑鱼释放激素类似物(S-GnRHa)诱导亲鱼产卵和排精,催产的4尾雌鱼中有3尾催产成功,获得受精卵67.6万粒,孵出优质仔鱼38.3万尾,其催产率、孵化率、受精率、亲鱼成活率分别为75％、70％、81％、100％.     

斑鳜人工繁殖技术初报

2011-2013年,利用野生和经人工驯养的野生斑鳜（ Siniperca scherzeri ）亲鱼进行人工繁殖试验。结果表明：采用地欧酮（ DOM）和促黄体素释放激素类似物（ LHRH -A3）组成的混合药物催产,在17．8-25．4℃水温条件下,斑鳜亲鱼群体的效应时间为24-46．5 h,存在产卵高峰期,产卵持续时间一般长达1-1．5 d。自然产卵高峰期的受精率较高,最高可达80%以上,早期和晚期的较低;而孵化率差异不大,最高可达86．7%。人工授精的受精率可达91．3%,孵化率可达89．3%。未经人工驯养的野生斑鳜亲鱼人工催产的受精率、孵化率都明显低于经人工驯养的。     

漠斑牙鲆人工育苗技术要点

漠斑牙鲆(Paralichthys lethostigma)原产于美国沿海,是一种优质的水产养殖品种。在美国,漠斑牙鲆的亲鱼培育、产卵、育苗等基础研究已进展多年;近几年来,国内先后有4个-5个单位从美国引进了漠斑牙鲆亲鱼或鱼苗进行培育,有的单位已取得了一定的进展,有的单位还遇到了不少技术难题,亲鱼培育与人工繁殖技术还未过关。2003年春季,笔者在美国佛罗里达州用20尾亲鱼进行催产、自然产卵,共获得卵黄苗100多     

太阳鱼人工杂交繁殖技术研究

利用人工催产、自然产卵受精技术,对30组蓝鳃太阳鱼(♂)和绿鳃太阳鱼(♀)亲鱼成功地进行人工杂交繁殖试验。在第2次注射催产剂36h后亲鱼开始产卵,4d后产卵结束,共产卵9组,产卵率30%,产卵4.95万粒,受精卵约4万粒,受精率约82.2%。经38~50 h孵化,出苗3.4万尾,孵化率85%。获3 cm苗种2.5万尾,成活率73.5%     

９种交配组合鳢的人工繁殖试验

运用人工催产的方法进行了9种交配组合鳢的人工繁殖试验,9种组合来源于乌鳢(Channa argus)、斑鳢(C.maculate)和杂交鳢(Hybrid snakehead)彼此之间的交配繁殖.结果表明,无论采用何种孵化方式,9种交配组合所产卵的受精率和孵化率高低顺序基本一致,且各组合间都存在显著差异.交配组合斑鳢(♀)×斑鳢(♂)、斑鳢(♀)×杂交鳢(♂)、杂交鳢(♀)×斑鳢(♂)及杂交鳢(♀)×杂交鳢(♂)在繁殖过程中,其受精率和孵化率高于其他组合,具有较强的繁殖优势,但其子代的生产性能优势还有待进一步研究.孵化方式对受精卵的发育与孵化有重大影响,其中以微流水孵化方式时的受精率和孵化率最高、孵化效果最好.雄亲鱼的重复催产次数会影响受精率及孵化率,一般以重复利用2～3次为宜.     

黄颡鱼高效人工繁殖技术

以人工饲养的2、3冬龄黄颡鱼为研究对象,进行4批次的人工催产和孵化试验。催产雌亲鱼5960尾,平均体重120.6～148.2g,雄亲鱼350尾,平均体重278.6～310.5g。催产药物为LHRH-A2、DOM和HCG合剂。亲鱼注射后放入水泥池暂养,到达效应时间时实施人工采卵、采精液和人工授精,受精卵脱黏后用孵化桶孵化。雌雄亲鱼为20∶1。共收获受精卵4389.6万粒,孵出水花鱼苗3774.2万尾。平均催产率和受精率达到94.6%和84.1%,每尾雌亲鱼平均产受精卵约0.74万粒,孵化出鱼苗约0.63万尾。结果表明,该方法操作简便,亲鱼产卵率、受精卵孵化率和出苗率均较高,同时,节省人力、物力和空间,可大大提高黄颡鱼人工繁殖生产效率。     

大西洋牙鲆雄鱼与漠斑牙鲆雌鱼杂交的初步研究

从山东引进全长3-5cm的美国大西洋牙鲆和漠斑牙鲆幼鱼到宁德市飞鸾镇海鑫育苗场，经2年6个月养殖后，从养殖群体中挑选出大西洋牙鲆雄鱼为父本，漠斑牙鲆雌鱼2为母本，在生殖季节通过埋植激素和人工调控环境条件催熟亲鱼，采用人工受精方法，获得杂交受精卵478．6g，受精率为62．9％，孵化率为75．3％，获得初孵仔鱼36万尾。经过65d的培育，育出平均全长4．20cm的杂交鱼苗22万尾，育苗成活率61．1％。鱼苗生长迅速，初步表现出杂交子代的优势性状。     

大鳞鲃人工繁育试验报告

从乌兹别克斯坦引进体质量20~40g的野生大鳞鲃(Barbus capito)鱼种,经5年人工培育性腺已发育成熟,2008年5月筛选8尾亲鱼进行人工繁殖试验。结果表明:注射催产药物LHRH-A2、HCG和DOM可促使亲鱼产卵和排精,催产的4尾雌鱼中有3尾成功产卵,获得受精卵4.8万粒,孵出鱼苗3万尾,其催产率、受精率、孵化率分别为75%,72.3%,67.1%。水温20~23℃时,从受精卵到孵出鱼苗需要约70h,到仔鱼上浮开口需要约6d。在哈尔滨地区池塘人工培育大鳞鲃鱼苗,1龄鱼体质量可达(40.06±1.19)g,体长(14.34±0.15)cm。     

Improvement of techniques for carp fry production in the laboratory

The paper describes field experiments in Madagascar on the artificial propagation of common carp and on rearing larvae. It concerns the preparation of brood fish for spawning, induced spawning, artificial propagation and incubation techniques, and intensive larval rearing.     

黄颡鱼规模化人工繁殖生产技术研究

总结了2005—2007年黄颡鱼大规模人工繁殖生产结果,依据黄颡鱼鱼卵和仔鱼的生物学特性,提出新的孵化生产操作程序,使生产能力大幅提高。2006年催产19批次,共计36465组,下塘仔鱼10968万尾,平均组出苗尾数3007尾;2007年催产16批次,共计27010组,下塘仔鱼10683.4万尾,最高可达每组亲鱼产仔鱼7821尾。亲鱼质量和水质仍是影响黄颡鱼人工繁殖生产的关键因素。     

Induced spawning and larval rearing of the white seabream, Mylio berda

The white seabream, Mylio berda, was induced to spawn spontaneously by hormone injections of synahorin or human chorionic gonadotropin for over 3 months between December and April in Hong Kong. Fertilized eggs were also obtained during the peak spawning period between February and March through natural spawning or artificial insemination. The hatched larvae were reared in 500-1 circular tanks and fed initially on rotifers, Brachionus sp., followed by brine shrimp nauplii or copepod nauplii and finally weaned onto fish meat. Larval rearing trials for growth and survival to 60 days produced larvae of average length, 26.2 mm, at survival rates ranging from 1.32 to 11.62%.     

裸体方格星虫规模化人工育苗技术研究

本文报道了2008～2011年在福建开展裸体方格星虫规模化人工育苗技术研究结果。每年3～5月从福建沿海采集一定数量的裸体方格星虫亲体,经强化培育后进行人工催产获得受精卵。在海水盐度26～32、水温28.5～30.5℃条件下,孵出的海球幼体经9～13d的培育,变态为稚虫,再经过一个多月的培育,达到体长1.0～2.8cm的星虫幼苗。2008、2009、2011年分别培育出方格星虫幼苗1.779×106条、2.88×106条和5.526×106条。     

Hormone manipulation to overcome a major barrier in male catfish spawning: The role of oxytocin augmentation in inducing voluntary captive spawning

A major challenge in Clariid catfish seed production is our inability to induce voluntary captive spawning of the brooders. Since voluntary captive spawning had been previously elicited in a Clarias species by simulating natural breeding environment, we speculated that the major obstacle in voluntary spawning might be the absence of an inducing agent that triggers mating response in the brooders. To address the issue, oxytocin was injected to the brooders along with Ovatide (a commercial inducing agent comprising salmon gonadotropin‐releasing hormone analogue and domperidone). Administration of 40 mIU/kg body weight of oxytocin after 12 hr of Ovatide injection resulted in voluntary spawning of the fish (81.5%, i.e. 31 out of 38 trials), with more than 70% hatching rate in simple and low‐cost spawning facilities. Histology of male gonads indicated sustained gamete maturation and the gonads were observed to be visibly turgid in the fish that received both the hormones. In contrast, gamete maturation slackened after 10 hr in the control fish, injected with Ovatide only. Administration of oxytocin along with Ovatide was also observed to induce aggressive sexual behaviour among the males. Neither of the hormones, acting alone, could induce voluntary spawning in the fish or influence sexual behaviour. Our results clearly show that oxytocin plays a significant role in sustaining the male gamete maturation induced by Ovatide and trigger the behavioural mating response, leading to voluntary spawning in C. magur. The results hold potential to make a paradigm shift in the commercial catfish seed production technology.     

高白鲑养殖、繁殖技术的研究总结报告

高白鲑系鲑科白鲑属鱼类,原产苏联,我国引进后进行人工孵化、仔鱼饲育、鱼种培育、亲鱼饲养、人工产卵、孵化、获得了仔代.本文详细介绍了仔鱼饲育条件、技术,成活率达71.15%～85.64%.鱼种培育采用常规方法,但易患鱼病,影响成活率.亲鱼培育采用流水集约化养殖于11月下旬达性成熟进行人工繁殖,本文介绍了人工采卵,授精、脱粘、洗卵及人工孵化技术.     

Spawning and transport dynamics of Atlantic menhaden: inferences from characteristics of immigrating larvae and predictions of a hydrodynamic model

We examined patterns of abundance, age and spawning date distributions of Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus larvae immigrating during two seasons through three North Carolina inlets—Oregon, Ocracoke and Beaufort—to elucidate their spawning and transport dynamics. These patterns were examined in conjunction with corresponding predictions from a three-dimensional, wind-and tide-driven hydrodynamic model. Larvae immigrating through different inlets showed consistent similarities as well as marked differences in temporal patterns of abundance, spawning dates and transport times. Intraseasonal patterns in abundance and spawning date distributions among inlets suggest that, in both study years, the spatio-temporal dynamics of menhaden immigration were driven by large-scale patterns along the Atlantic coast, rather than by localized variation in spawning activity. Interannual differences in the temporal patterns of spawning dates and larval immigration indicate interannual differences in transport dynamics and/or the spatial-temporal distribution of spawning. When the spawning locations predicted by the hydrodynamic model are interpreted in conjunction with advanced very high resolution radiometer sea-surface temperature information, the results are consistent with the limited historical information available on spatio-temporal distribution of Atlantic menhaden eggs and larvae. The transport model also predicted distributions of arrival times for immigrating larvae that were comparable in range and variability with observed patterns. Our use of data from immigrating larvae, coupled with a hydrodynamic transport model and sea-surface temperatures, allowed us to uncover relationships between spatio-temporal patterns of Atlantic menhaden spawning and transport dynamics that could not have been identified by either approach alone.     

河鳗人工繁殖的初步研究

本文报道了自1973年以来河鳗人工繁殖研究的基本情况，包括亲鳗催熟、催产以及胚胎发育和培育等试验内容。试验结果表明，在人工催熟和水温逐渐升高的条件下，大部分亲鳗在4月上旬至5月中旬性腺成熟。从1974年至1978年总的产卵受精率为8．4％(其中流卵和产死卵者不计在内)。亲鳗自然产卵的时间一般在凌晨4时至6时20分之间，水温在18．5—24．5℃范围。产卵行为较特殊，产卵前发情时，雄鳗和雌鳗先后由池底阴暗处游至水表，沿池边环游追逐，最后在较小范围内急游产卵授精，产毕又回至池底。海水盐度在23—29．8‰范围，均能产卵受精，并孵出鳗苗。孵出后头两天的仔鳗悬于水表；第3天的仔鳗，卵黄囊大部分吸收，消化道全通，在肠内开始发现食物团，肠道内有强烈的纤毛运动，鱼体开始悬于水中，有极缓慢的下沉和上升；第4天眼球出现黑色素，晶体透明，上、下颌能启闭，有四对牙齿；第5天，肠道有蠕动波，出现肝脏原基，静止时侧卧水底；第14天，仔鳗在微流水中能不断游动，在静水中常处于水底。仔鳗养至第19天，存活434小时。     

蛇鮈人工繁殖试验及其仔鱼异速生长模式的研究

2014-2016年在湖北省黄冈市赤东湖渔场对210尾湖泊野生蛇鮈(Saurogobio dabryi Bleeker)进行了人工繁殖试验,并对0~20日龄仔鱼的异速生长模式进行研究。结果显示:注射绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)、促黄体素释放激素类似物(LRH-A_2)和马来酸地欧酮(DOM)可促使成熟的雌性亲鱼产卵。产卵量为38.96万粒,孵出鱼苗13.5万尾,平均催产率、平均受精率、平均孵化率分别为75.0%、64.85%、55.15%。蛇鮈仔鱼的许多关键器官均存在异速生长现象。全长生长分为2个阶段,由慢速生长到快速生长的转折点为10日龄。头长、尾长、吻长均表现为正异速生长,而躯干长、胸鳍长表现为负异速生长。眼径的生长在4日龄时出现拐点,由等速生长转变为负异速生长。     

Modeled transport of winter flounder larvae spawned in coastal waters of the Gulf of Maine

Winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus, from southern New England and the Gulf of Maine were historically considered to be obligate estuarine spawners. However, recent experiments and observations document that winter flounder in the Gulf of Maine also utilize coastal waters for spawning. An individual‐based modeling approach was used to investigate the transport of winter flounder larvae from three hypothesized coastal spawning grounds in the Gulf of Maine. Transport success rates were greatest for larvae released from Ipswich Bay, intermediate for Stellwagen Bank and least successful for those released from Jeffreys Ledge. There was substantial interannual variability in larval transport and geographic patterns of potential connectivity. Furthermore, the date of spawning had an important influence on transport success. Model results suggest that certain coastal spawning grounds used by winter flounder may serve as an important source of larvae to estuaries and nearshore nursery areas. The potential influx of coastal spawned larvae could have implications for the resilience, productivity and gene flow in local populations. Model results provide further support for the conclusion that winter flounder in the Gulf of Maine may not be solely dependent upon estuaries for spawning. Results also suggest that coastal spawning groups should be considered explicitly in the management of winter flounder, and protected under Essential Fish Habitat regulations.