高白鲑养殖、繁殖技术的研究总结报告

高白鲑系鲑科白鲑属鱼类，原产苏联，我国引进后进行人工孵化、仔鱼饲育、鱼种培育、亲鱼饲养、人工产卵、孵化、获得了仔代。本详细介绍了仔鱼饲育条件、技术，成活率达71．15％－85．64％。鱼种培育采用常规方法，但易患鱼病，影响成活率。亲鱼培育采用流水集约化养殖于11月下旬达性成熟进行人工繁殖，本介绍 了人工采卵，授精、脱粘、洗卵及人工孵化技术。     

泰山赤鳞鱼繁殖与苗种培育

试验选用4龄雌雄亲鱼各160尾,采用1:1比例进行组群,每池20组,共8池,设置人工产床,自然产卵,适时取卵,室内静水孵化,及时开口培育,适时利用配合饲料进行驯化,共获卵50837粒,受精率43.4%,孵出仔鱼12481尾,孵化率56.6%,培育出鱼种6061尾,苗种培育成活率48.6%.     

河川沙塘鳢人工繁育试验

为研究河川沙塘鳢的人工繁殖技术和苗种培育技术,将捕获的野生河川沙塘鳢鱼种套养在河蟹生态养殖池内养成,从中挑选亲本246组,以自然产卵、人工孵化的方式进行繁育.共收集完整卵块198块,用其中的157块进行人工孵化,最大卵块中有卵3557粒,最小卵块有2172粒,平均2980粒,总计46.8万粒,共孵出鱼苗37.5万尾,平均受精率91.7%,孵化率87.4%.分别采用网箱和水泥池进行苗种分级培育,全程投喂人工培育的浮游动物,经50 d的培育,鱼种的体长分别达到4.1±0.2 cm、4.3±0.1 cm,成活率为77.8%、87.5%.以人工饲料在水泥池进行驯食培育,75 d后,鱼种体长达到3.5±0.3 cm,成活率达47.2%.     

鸭绿江茴鱼全人工繁殖及稚幼鱼培育技术

为实现鸭绿江茴鱼全人工繁育，选择人工繁殖的3龄鸭绿江茴鱼进行了繁育试验。在水泥池中，投喂鲑鳟鱼配合饲料进行亲鱼培育。当亲鱼达性成熟后，采用激素诱导、等渗液洗卵以及浸卵授精等方法获得受精卵；之后将受精卵放在玻璃钢平列槽中进行孵化；在玻璃钢槽中进行稚鱼培育，其间投喂卤虫无节幼体；在室外水泥池进行幼鱼培育，其间投喂海溞和配合饲料。试验结果：亲鱼培育成活率为95.0%;共采卵3 711万粒，采卵率为96.7%;共获得受精卵3 210万粒，受精率为86.5%;发眼积温为110～121℃·d,发眼率为93.0%;出苗积温为175～221℃·d,孵化率为90.6%;仔鱼上浮积温为235～242℃·d,共获得上浮仔鱼2 623万尾。经过101 d的培育，共获得体质量0.5 g的稚鱼2 544万尾，稚鱼培育成活率为97.0%;经158 d培育，共获得体质量3.0 g的幼鱼2 379万尾，幼鱼培育成活率为93.5%。     

胭脂鱼人工繁殖和资源增殖的研究

本文报道了胭脂鱼人工繁殖、仔幼鱼培育及池塘培育亲鱼技术.1988—1992年,催产亲鱼7组,一般受精率为85％—95％,孵化率为50％—60％。仔鱼培育在平游以前是关键阶段,平游以后,在室内玻璃钢盆培育,成活率可达90％。池塘培育苗种成活率也较高,可达80％—90％。一般经5个月养殖,从平均体长4.8cm,体重3.5g可长至13cm、63g.亲鱼在池塘内培育可以达到性成熟,并能进行人工催产。为增殖资源,向长江和水库放流了胭脂鱼种,并对水库胭脂鱼生长进行了观察。     

钱塘江细体拟鲿人工繁育技术研究

选择从钱塘江捕捞的成鱼和人工养殖的成鱼作亲鱼,进行了细体拟鳞的人工繁殖和苗种培育试验.亲鱼在池塘内强化培育至性成熟,在繁殖季节,注射HCG+LHRH-A2+DOM催产激素,采用干法人工授精、网板附卵孵化,结果共获受精卵78.8万粒,平均受精率78.6%;孵出鱼苗47.9万尾,平均孵化率60.8%.经培育,获体长3.0～4.0 cm的夏花鱼种24.7万尾,平均成活率58.8%.     

达氏鳇南移培育成熟及全人工繁殖

将由黑龙江引进的达氏鳇苗种在华中地区养殖并培育成亲鱼。早期苗种培育使用生物饵料,后期转投人工配合饲料。养殖方式采用不同规格的水泥池,流水和循环水养殖。2010年春季,经13年培育,达氏鳇平均体质量达73.25kg,平均全长219cm,经检查1组亲鱼性腺发育成熟至Ⅳ期末。经人工催产,采用活体取卵技术获卵20.4万粒,受精率为95%;人工孵化获水花1.75×105尾;产后亲鱼康复存活良好。全人工繁殖获得成功。     

星斑川鲽Platichthys stellatus(Pallas)人工育苗技术要点

对星斑川镰的人工育苗技术要点进行了描述，从亲鱼的选择、培育、催产、排卵受精、到人工孵化、仔鱼分池与培育、稚、幼鱼的培育、日常管理及疾病防治一系列工艺。     

青海湖裸鲤的人工繁殖及苗种的淡水培育技术

研究了青海湖裸鲤的人工繁殖技术和鱼苗、鱼种的淡水培育技术.试验选用的雌亲鱼在4龄以上,雄亲鱼3龄以上,人工授精后在流水孵化盘中孵化.鱼苗培育采用池塘单养方式,以泼洒豆浆或施放有机肥培育池水.平均体长1.3 cm的"水花"鱼苗,经过114 d的培育,平均体长达9～12 cm,体重7～15g,成活率75%.鱼种培育使用全价配合饲料.平均体重15 g的鱼种,经过173 d的培育,平均体重达到65.5 g,成活率81%.     

高白鲑人工繁殖试验初报

我国于1985—1987年先后分四批从日本、苏联引进高白鲑发眼卵,经饲育于1987年末,部分亲鱼达到性成熟,我国首次进行了高白鲑的人工繁殖,获得了鱼苗。本文重点介绍了高白鲑亲鱼的选择、暂养、成熟度鉴定、人工授精、鱼卵冲洗及受精卵脱粘等技术措施。     

中华沙鳅人工繁殖技术初探

对从长江、金沙江和岷江水域中收集质量为25.0～100.0 g的中华沙鳅(Botia superciliaris Günther)进行人工驯养、亲鱼培育和人工繁殖试验.结果显示:野生中华沙鳅能在人工饲养条件下生长和繁殖.注射人工催产药物鲤鱼脑垂体(PC)和促黄体素释放激素类似物(LHRH-A2)可促使亲鱼产卵和排精,催...     

七带石斑鱼繁殖生物学及人工繁育技术研究进展

石斑鱼是我国南方海水养殖的主要种类之一，而大部分石斑鱼种类均为暖水性鱼类，养殖水温要求在15℃以上，限制了石斑鱼在北方的发展。七带石斑鱼是唯一一种可以在较低温下生活，被人们称为“冷水石斑”，适合在北方养殖，如今已成为中、日、韩三国海水鱼类繁育研究的热点。由于七带石斑鱼人工繁殖和苗种培育过程中有许多制约条件，其人工繁育仍未达到稳定大批量生产的规模。主要问题有以下几个：①雄性亲鱼难获得，数量较少，限制了苗种的大量繁育；②初孵仔鱼的个体弱小、口径小，对开口饵料要求严格，适口饵料极少；③稚鱼期鱼苗互相残杀极其严重，出现大鱼吃小鱼的现象。此外，还有卵质不良，仔稚幼鱼疾病等难题。本文简要概述了国内外七带石斑鱼繁殖生物学与人工繁育研究进展情况，并对其养殖过程中出现的问题进行探讨和总结，为今后开展七带石斑鱼规模化人工养殖研究提供参考。     

大弹涂鱼仔鱼的摄食、生长和成活的研究

本文主要论述大弹涂鱼仔鱼阶段有关摄食和生长发育，以及不同饵料对仔鱼生长和成活的影响。结果表明，孵化后3—5日龄即仔鱼危险期，正处于内源性(包括混合性)营养转入外源性营养。颗粒有机碎屑是仔鱼的开口饵料，培育期间以底栖硅藻分解后形成的颗粒有机碎屑为饵料，其后期仔鱼成活率高达42．04％。6日龄起逐渐加投桡足类幼体和成体，其16日龄后期仔鱼平均全长可达6．15mm，平均体重1．24mg．     

六线鱼人工育苗技术研究

使用从海区采集和人工催产获得的六线鱼卵块１０９１ｇ，孵化仔鱼１１万尾，平均孵化率为５６％，仔鱼经４５～６０天培育，育成全长２．５～４．０ｃｍ，鱼种１．８３万尾，平均成活率２４．４％，专家验收认为，育苗量，苗种规格及生长速度均处国内领先水平，对卵块收集，人工孵化，苗种生长，饵料系列，育苗病害，饵料生物培育等问题进行了研讨。     

陆封型大西洋鲑发眼卵孵化和稚鱼养殖

本文报道了从美国引进的陆封型大西洋鲑发眼卵孵化和稚鱼养殖试验情况。经42天孵化，发眼卵的孵化率为81．85％，仔鱼至上浮稚鱼成活率为96．8％，稚鱼成活率为80％。     

Survival and growth of selected marine fish larvae first fed with eggs and endotrophic larvae of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus

Two sets of experiments were carried out to evaluate the potential of eggs and endotrophic larvae of captive Paracentrotus lividus as alternative live prey for marine fish larvae first feeding. The first consisted in rearing sparids, Diplodus sargus and Sparus aurata, larvae until 15 days after hatching in a recirculation system. Compared with the commonly used live prey – rotifer Brachionus spp. – general lower values of survival and growth were obtained when fish larvae were fed with the alternative live prey. Among these, eggs showed to be the preferred feeding. Broodstock feed showed to play a fundamental role on prey quality and consequent fish larvae survival. In the second set of experiments, the 24‐h ingestions of the first feeding larvae in static water were determined for five currently cultured fish larvae species. Except for larger and more predatory Dicentrarchus labrax larvae, there was a trend for higher P. lividus egg ingestion, followed by pre‐plutei and prisms. Prey size, colour and movement affected food selection by fish larvae. It is concluded that, in spite of the alternative live prey being readily consumed by all tested fish larvae, they cannot however presently compete with rotifers in marine fish larvae first feeding.     

西江人工鱼巢增殖鲤鱼效果评估

2015~2016年在西江郁南、云安和高要江段开展了人工鱼巢增殖鲤鱼的实验工作,通过实施期间鱼巢粘附鱼卵数量以及同期鲤鱼资源状况调查对其增殖效果进行了评价。结果表明:两年人工鱼巢分别粘附鱼卵量达4.78亿粒和4.66亿粒,粘附鱼卵孵化出膜后统计全部为鲤鱼,按照自然水体鲤鱼苗的成活率5%计算,两年分别可增殖鲤鱼苗2 120万尾和2 020万尾,实现渔业捕捞经济效益增长达1 272万元和1 212万元。实践证明:选择好适宜的鱼巢投放位置和下水时间,保持鱼巢材料的新鲜能使人工鱼巢达到更好的效果,人工鱼巢是一种简单可行且易推广的鱼类增殖方法。     

青蛤受精卵和幼虫密度对孵化和生长的影响

本文报道了青蛤受精卵密度对孵化的影响和青蛤幼虫培养密度对生长的影响。受精卵密度在26个/ml、30个/ml、38个/ml、44个/ml、53个/ml时,孵化率在87.8～89.9％之间;受精卵密度为53个/ml时,幼虫畸形率较高。实验发现,幼虫的培养密度应控制在6～11个/ml,幼虫变态后,减少培养密度,可以提高幼虫成活率。     

泥鳅胚胎和幼鱼发育的研究

本文研究了用人工授精、孵化方法获得的泥鳅胚胎、幼鱼的形态特征。此项研究于1983年3—5月份在珠海市进行。卵圆球形，具弱粘性，卵径0．72-0．84毫米。在水温19．5—23℃情况下，多数受精卵经26小时40分后孵化出苗。初孵仔鱼全长1．95—2．4毫米，体节26-32对。在水温19—28℃情况下，孵化2天后，幼鱼具长条状外鳃。5天后，幼鱼卵黄囊大部分被吸收。15天后，外鳃消失，内鳃形成。45天后，幼鱼外部形态发育完全，形似成体。     

Impact of environmental and innate factors on the food habit of Chinese perch Siniperca chuatsi (Basilewsky) (Percichthyidae)

Laboratory and field investigations were conducted to study the food habit of Chinese perch Siniperca chuatsi (Basilewsky) from first feeding through adult stage. Only fish larvae were consumed by Chinese perch larvae (2–21 days from hatching), and the presence of zooplankton did not have any significant effect on their survival rate. The ability of Chinese perch to feed on zooplankton is clearly limited by some innate factor. Instead of gill rakers, Chinese perch larvae have well‐developed sharp teeth at the first feeding stage, and are well adapted to the piscivorous feeding habit unique to the larvae of Chinese perch, e.g. they bite and ingest the tails of other fish larvae. At the first feeding stage (2 days from hatching), daily rations were both very low, either in light or complete darkness. Although early‐staged Chinese perch larvae (7–17 days from hatching) could feed in complete darkness, their daily rations were always significantly higher in light than in complete darkness. Late‐staged Chinese perch larvae (21 days from hatching) were able to feed in complete darkness as well as in light, similar to the case of Chinese perch yearlings. Chinese perch yearlings (total length, 14–16 cm) consumed prey fish only and refused shrimp when visual cues were available (in light), but they consumed both prey when visual cues were not available (in complete darkness), suggesting that prey consumption by Chinese perch yearlings is affected by their sensory modality in predation. Both prey were found in the stomachs of similar‐sized Chinese perch (total length, 14–32 cm) from their natural habitat, suggesting that shrimp are consumed by Chinese perch at night. Prey selection of Chinese perch with a length >38 cm, which consumed only fish in the field, appears to be based upon prey size instead of prey type. These results suggest that although environmental factors (e.g. light intensity) affect prey detection by Chinese perch, this fish is anatomically and behaviourally predisposed to prey on live fish from first feeding. This makes it a difficult fish to cultivate using conventional feeds.