2017年中国部分地区白斑综合征病毒高变异区的序列分析

白斑综合征病毒(WSSV)自暴发以来给全球范围内的对虾养殖产业带来了巨大的损失。为了解我国凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)养殖区WSSV的流行变异情况,选取2017年中国部分地区的42个WSSV阳性样本,对ORF14/15、ORF23/24、ORF75、ORF94和ORF125共5个可变区进行PCR特异性扩增,分析其序列的缺失变异和重复单元(Ru)中单核苷酸多态性的变化。研究结果显示,在ORF14/15的扩增中共出现4种缺失片段; ORF23/24只出现11 945 bp的缺失片段; ORF75扩增中,总RUs数目为3、4、9,其中45 bp的RUs在12、27、80位点发生多核苷酸多态性; ORF94的RUs数目为6,其各重复单元在48位发生单核苷酸多态性; ORF125的RUs数目为4、6、7不等,其各重复单元分别在20、27、50、53、61位发生碱基突变。研究结果表明,2017年样本中,WSSV在中国大部分地区均出现一定程度的缺失变异,其中部分可变区表现出缺失情况的稳定性,某些可变区的重复单元数目及SNP表现出地区的差异性以及不稳定性。     

白斑综合征病毒2014年中国毒株变异区的序列比较

为研究白斑综合征病毒(White spot syndrome virus,WSSV)在中国不同地区的分子流行病学变异特征,对2014年1-8月期间在病害暴发区采集到的48份PCR检测阳性样本,用ORF75、ORF94和ORF125引物扩增目的片段,连接转化已克隆目的片段,测序分析不同样本ORF75、ORF94和ORF125重复序列数目的差异.结果显示,不同地区毒株ORF75的重复单元数目有4、10、11、12、13不等,ORF94的重复单元数目有4和14,而ORF125的重复单元数目有0、3、5、6、7不等.结果表明,流行在中国大部分地区的WSSV存在一定程度变异,毒株间的变异在ORF75、ORF94和ORF125上比较明显.     

2015年中国典型对虾养殖区WSSV流行株高变异区序列的分析比较

为了解我国白斑综合征病毒(WSSV)流行变异特征,本研究对2015年4~10月期间在山东、江苏、天津、浙江、海南和广东6省市采集到的57份WSSV阳性的样本,通过特异性的扩增目的片段,根据测序结果分析比较不同地区、不同分离株之间在ORF14/15、ORF23/24上的缺失变异情况,以及ORF75、ORF94和ORF125上的重复单元(Repeat unit, RU)数目差异。结果显示,在ORF14/15扩增中,分别有6530、5908和5725 bp的片段缺失,而在ORF23/24扩增中均有12070 bp大片段的缺失,ORF75的45 bp的RU数目分别为1、2和3,102 bp的RU数目均为1,而ORF94的RU数目分别为4、5、10和12不等,ORF125的RU数目为3、5和6。结果表明,WSSV在部分开放型阅读框上表现出明显的变异差异,而在某些开放型阅读框上的缺失情况则有显著的稳定性。     

2014年中国不同地区对虾白斑综合征病毒ORF14/15和ORF23/24缺失区序列比较

对虾养殖面临诸多病害威胁,对虾白斑综合征病毒(White spot syndrome virus, WSSV)是养殖对虾主要病原之一,WSSV不同地理株的变异可能导致WSSV毒力的变化。为了解2014年中国大部分地区WSSV ORF14/15和ORF23/24的变异情况,本研究选择2014年1月–8月期间采集的48份WSSV阳性样本,用特异引物扩增ORF14/15和ORF23/24片段,连接于T载体,转化至Top10中,筛选阳性克隆,测序分析不同样本之间的缺失差异。结果显示,能够扩增ORF14/15和ORF23/24样品的比例分别为43.75%和33.33%。在ORF14/15扩增中,分别扩增出1260 bp、1270 bp、1892 bp和2662 bp片段,与TH-96-Ⅱ比对共有4种缺失情况,即缺失6540 bp、6530 bp、5908 bp和5138 bp。而在ORF23/24扩增中,分别扩增出1140 bp和1146 bp片段,与中国台湾株(TW)比对有两种缺失情况,即缺失12070 bp和12064 bp。研究结果表明,WSSV在中国大部分地区存在一定程度的变异,而不同毒株之间在ORF14/15可变区差异比较明显,在ORF23/24可变区差异不大,但均具有大片段缺失。     

湖北地区克氏原螯虾白斑综合征病毒变异区ORF14/15、ORF23/24基因序列比较分析

试验扩增、克隆了在湖北地区采集的19份克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)白斑综合征病毒(White spot syndrome virus,WSSV)阳性样品的变异区ORF14/15和ORF23/24基因,通过测序比较分析了湖北各WSSV毒株与Gen Bank公布的标准毒株间在变异区ORF14/15及ORF23/24基因的差异性。结果显示,19份WSSV阳性样品中有部分样品在变异区扩增出ORF14/15、ORF23/24基因片段,变异区基因序列分析发现,与Gen Bank已公布的标准毒株相比,存在大片段缺失。在变异区ORF14/15,有3个毒株扩增出1 442 bp的片段,4个毒株扩增出630 bp的片段,基于变异区ORF14/15构建的系统进化树显示,这些毒株归属两个不同的分支。在变异区ORF23/24,有2个毒株扩增出大小为2 096 bp的片段,进化分析发现这2个毒株在变异区ORF23/24的遗传距离较近。     

安徽省克氏原螯虾白斑综合征病毒缺失区序列分析

为了解安徽省克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)白斑综合征病毒(white spot syndrome virus,WSSV)缺失区ORF23/24和ORF14/15的遗传差异及其与世界各地WSSV的遗传进化关系,2016年4月—8月,在安徽省6个市采集了9个养殖克氏原螯虾样本进行WSSV套式PCR检测,扩增病毒缺失区ORF23/24和ORF14/15,将获得的序列进行比较分析。结果显示,9个样本均在第1轮PCR扩增中获得阳性结果,其ORF23/24区与中国台湾株(TW)比对,缺失5 892 bp或9 310 bp,其ORF14/15区与WSSV祖先株(TH-96-Ⅱ)比对,缺失5138 bp或5948 bp。其中8个样本中WSSV与2008至2010年在江苏的克氏原螯虾中检测到的一些毒株的ORF23/24和ORF14/15区缺失情况相同,且这些病毒ORF14/15区均缺失5 138 bp,与TW株缺失情况相同。     

罗氏沼虾白斑综合症病毒WSSV ORF147片段的克隆、表达与序列分析

白斑综合症病毒WSSV(White Spot Syndrome Virus),是严重危害虾类养殖业的主要病原之一.本实验根据已知南美白对虾WSSV ORF147序列设计1对特异性引物,从患疑似白斑病毒病的罗氏沼虾中提取总DNA,用PCR法扩增得到1特异性片段.将该片段克隆进pET-28a( )载体,测序表明该片段全长1 475 bp,最大开放式阅读框为1 380 bp,编码459个氨基酸,预计其相对分子质量为51.9 kDa;与GenBank登录的WSSV ORF147序列(登录号AF369029)进行比对,核苷酸同源性为99%,证实为WSSV ORF147片段.将该片段在大肠杆菌E coli中进行表达,能获得相应的特异多肽条带.根据测序结果推导WSSV ORF147多肽在N端有信号肽序列,并且在氨基酸序列的122～144区间形成跨膜螺旋区.     

条石鲷养殖群体线粒体控制区序列遗传变异分析

利用线粒体控制区序列研究了条石鲷养殖群体的遗传多样性水平和遗传结构.通过PCR扩增与序列测定获得了长度为469 bp的线粒体控制区基因片段,在30个个体中共发现27处碱基变异,A、T、G、C碱基的平均含量分别为36.5%、30.2%、12.5%和20.8%,A+T含量明显高于G+C含量.30条线粒体控制区序列共定义了1...     

大鳞副泥鳅mtDNA Cytb基因序列分析及分子系统发育研究

对15尾大鳞副泥鳅的线粒体细胞色素b基因进行PCR扩增和正反测序,获得长度为1140 bp的细胞色素b基因同源片断。所有序列中共检测到15种单倍型,序列中共出现81个变异位点,总变异率为7.1%。各单倍型的变异全部是转换或颠换,无插入和缺失,转换/颠换比为6.36。变异位点在3位密码子中的分布呈现偏倚,密码子第3位的变异占总变异的85.18%,而第1和第2位均只占7.41%。A、T、C、G碱基的平均含量分别为27.4%、30.8%、26.5%、15.3%,A+T>C+G。在所得序列中,密码子第1位上4种碱基使用较为均衡;第2位上碱基T的使用率高达41%,碱基G的使用率低至13.2%;第3位上碱基A的使用率为37.9%,而碱基G的使用率仅为7.0%。以红尾副鳅为外群用邻接法构建分子系统进化树。结果显示,在系统地位上大鳞副泥鳅与黑龙江泥鳅有较近的亲缘关系。     

白纹方蟹、字纹弓蟹与角眼沙蟹rDNA序列变异及结构分析

用特异性引物分别扩增、测得白纹方蟹、字纹弓蟹和角眼沙蟹18S rDNA序列片段长度为826bp、825 bp和833 bp;分析得出3种蟹18S rDNA序列的A+T碱基百分含量基本相同,其平均含量为49.3%,略低于G+C的百分含量(50.7%);3条18S rDNA序列对位排列后共836位点,其中存在20个变异位点,包括插入/缺失位点13个,转换4个,颠换3个;并通过RNA structure软件对变异较大的第601～836位点序列进行了二级结构预测.     

Low numbers of repeat units in variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) regions of white spot syndrome virus are correlated with disease outbreaks

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is the most important pathogen in shrimp farming systems worldwide including the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. The genome of WSSV is characterized by the presence of two major ‘indel regions’ found at ORF14/15 and ORF23/24 (WSSV‐Thailand) and three regions with variable number tandem repeats (VNTR) located in ORF75, ORF94 and ORF125. In the current study, we investigated whether or not the number of repeat units in the VNTRs correlates with virus outbreak status and/or shrimp farming practice. We analysed 662 WSSV samples from individual WSSV‐infected Penaeus monodon shrimp from 104 ponds collected from two important shrimp farming regions of the Mekong Delta: Ca Mau and Bac Lieu. Using this large data set and statistical analysis, we found that for ORF94 and ORF125, the mean number of repeat units (RUs) in VNTRs was significantly lower in disease outbreak ponds than in non‐outbreak ponds. Although a higher mean RU number was observed in the improved‐extensive system than in the rice‐shrimp or semi‐intensive systems, these differences were not significant. VNTR sequences are thus not only useful markers for studying WSSV genotypes and populations, but specific VNTR variants also correlate with disease outbreaks in shrimp farming systems.     

Genetic variation of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone 1931) culture of Thailand

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is highly pathogenic to penaeid shrimp and has caused significant economic losses in the shrimp farming industry in Thailand. Genotyping analysis was done in 124 WSSV isolates from cultured Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. These samples were obtained during 2007–2014 from eight provinces in Thailand. We investigated five variable loci in the virus genome: deletions in two variable regions, VR14/15 and VR23/24, and three variable number tandem repeats (VNTR) located in open reading frame (ORF) 75, 125 and 94. WSSV genotype was characterized as (X_14/15, X_23/24) (N₇₅‐N₁₂₅‐N₉₄) where X is the number of base pair deletion in the variable region and N is the number of repeat units (RUs) in a specific ORF. The deletion pattern in VR14/15 and VR23/24 regions characterized three WSSV genotypes. The most prevalent genotype was (5950_14/15, 10971_23/24), and it was found in all studied areas. At least 33 genotypes of WSSV were analysed based on 3 VNTR loci, indicating that the VNTRs of WSSV genome are highly variable. From 124 WSSV samples, two samples presented the characteristic of all five variable loci similar to WSSV collected during 2010 in Saudi Arabia (5950_14/15, 10971_23/24) (3₇₅‐6₁₂₅‐7₉₄). Many different WSSV genotypes shown in this study as compared to previously reported genotypes in Thailand suggests current status of disease epidemiology, as well as probable movements of WSSV between countries.     

Virulence and genotypes of white spot syndrome virus infecting Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in north‐western Mexico

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) has caused substantial global economic impact on aquaculture, and it has been determined that strains can vary in virulence. In this study, the effect of viral load was evaluated by infecting Litopenaeus vannamei with 10‐fold serial dilution of tissue infected with strain WSSV Mx‐H, and the virulence of four WSSV strains from north‐western Mexico was assessed along with their variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) genotypes in ORF75, ORF94 and ORF125. The LD₅₀ of the Mx‐H strain was a dilution dose of 10^?7.5; the mortality titre was 10^9.2 LD₅₀ per gram. In shrimp injected with 10^2.5 to 10^6.5 LD₅₀, no significant virulence differences were evident. Using mortality data, the four WSSV strains grouped into three virulence levels. The Mx‐F strain (intermediate virulence) and the Mx‐C strain (high virulence) showed more genetic differences than those observed between the Mx‐G (low‐virulence) and Mx‐H (high‐virulence) strains, in ORF94 and ORF125. The application of high‐viral‐load inocula proved useful in determining the different virulence phenotypes of the WSSV strains from the Eastern Pacific.     

Indian isolates of white spot syndrome virus exhibit variations in their pathogenicity and genomic tandem repeats

To detect genomic variation of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) isolates from different geographical regions of India, the variable number of the tandem repeat (VNTR) region of the ORF 94 (Thailand WSSV isolate – GeneBank Accession No. AF369029 ) was analysed using five specific sets of primers. Analysis of 70 WSSV‐positive samples showed the presence of 14 different genotypes of WSSV with VNTRs ranging from 2 to 16 tandem repeats with the majority (85.47%) having 6–12 tandem repeats. Occurrence of different genotypes of WSSV was found to be neither correlated to any specific geographical region nor to the different growth stage of the tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon. Pathogenicity studies conducted with 25 isolates of WSSV revealed the presence of virulent and avirulent strains of WSSV in Indian shrimp farms. However, an unambiguous link could not be established between the different genotypes and their virulence.     

New genetic recombination in hypervariable regions of the white spot syndrome virus isolated from Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) in northwest Mexico

The white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a pathogen of great concern to the worldwide shrimp culture. In comparative studies on the WSSV genome, regions such as the open reading frame (ORF) 14–15 and ORF 23–24, prone to deletions and recombination, had been useful to study the evolutive relationships among viral strains. When looking for the WSSV strains infecting Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) in northwest Mexico, we found evidence of a genetic similarity in ORF 14–15 to a strain from India and a recombination involving ORFs 78, 79 and 80. Two genotypes were found involving the insertion of a 265 base‐pair segment of ORF 108 into ORF 78 with inversions and deletions within ORFs 78, 79 and 80. The WSSV has an Asian origin and the mutations found could be an adaptation strategy to infect L. vannamei and other crustacean species of the American continent.     

A new strain of white spot syndrome virus affecting Litopenaeus vannamei in Indian shrimp farms

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV)‐infected shrimp samples collected from grow‐out ponds located at Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India, showed WSSV negative and positive by PCR using primer sets specific to ORF119 and VP28 gene of WSSV, respectively. This indicated the deletion of genetic fragments in the genome of WSSV. The WSSV isolate along with lab strain of WSSV was subjected to next‐generation sequencing. The sequence analysis revealed a deletion of 13,170 bp at five positions in the genome of WSSV‐NS (new strain) relative to WSSV‐TH and WSSV‐LS (lab strain). The PCR analysis using the ORF's specific primer sets revealed the complete deletion of 10 ORFs in the genome of WSSV‐NS strain. The primer set was designed based on sequence covering ORF161/162/163 to amplify a product of 2,748 bp for WSSV‐LS and 402 bp for WSSV‐NS. Our surveillance programme carried out since 2002 revealed the replacement of WSSV‐LS by WSSV‐NS in Indian shrimp culture system.